|
1
|
Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Torres-Hinojal MC, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Copper/Zinc Ratio in Childhood and Adolescence: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010082. [PMID: 36677007 PMCID: PMC9862945 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are crucial micronutrients for human growth and development. This literature review covered the last five years of available evidence on the Cu/Zn ratio in children and adolescents. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct for publications between 2017 and 2022, especially in English, although publications in other languages with abstracts in English were included. The main terms used were "copper", "zinc", "copper-zinc", and "zinc-copper" ratios. Cu and Zn determinations made in blood, plasma, or serum were included. This review comprises several cross-sectional and case-control studies with substantial results. The bibliographic search generated a compilation of 19 articles, in which 63.2% of the studies mostly reported a significantly higher Cu/Zn ratio, and 57.9% of them informed significantly lower levels of Zn. We conclude that children and adolescents with acute and chronic conditions are at greater risk of developing elevated Cu/Zn ratios, related to altered nutritional, infectious, and inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-639-590-467
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Parodi-Román
- Science Faculty, University of Cadiz, Paseo de Carlos III, 28, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Dong S, Tian Q, Zhu T, Wang K, Lei G, Liu Y, Xiong H, Shen L, Wang M, Zhao R, Wu H, Li B, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Guo H, Xia K, Xia L, Hu Z. SLC39A5 dysfunction impairs extracellular matrix synthesis in high myopia pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8432-8441. [PMID: 34302427 PMCID: PMC8419198 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide with high heritability. We have previously identified the genetic contribution of SLC39A5 to nonsyndromic high myopia and demonstrated that disease‐related mutations of SLC39A5 dysregulate the TGF‐β pathway. In this study, the mechanisms underlying SLC39A5 involvement in the pathogenesis of high myopia are determined. We observed the morphogenesis and migration abnormalities of the SLC39A5 knockout (KO) human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and found a significant injury of ECM constituents. RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR revealed the transcription decrease in COL1A1, COL2A1, COL4A1, FN1 and LAMA1 in the KO cells. Further, we demonstrated that TGF‐β signalling, the regulator of ECM, was inhibited in SLC39A5 depletion situation, wherein the activation of receptor Smads (R‐Smads) via phosphorylation was greatly blocked. SLC39A5 re‐expression reversed the phenotype of TGF‐β signalling and ECM synthesis in the KO cells. The fact that TGF‐β signalling was zinc‐regulated and that SLC39A5 was identified as a zinc transporter urged us to check the involvement of intracellular zinc in TGF‐β signalling impairment. Finally, we determined that insufficient zinc chelation destabilized Smad proteins, which naturally inhibited TGF‐β signalling. Overall, the SLC39A5 depletion–induced zinc deficiency destabilized Smad proteins, which inhibited the TGF‐β signalling and downstream ECM synthesis, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of high myopia. This discovery provides a deep insight into myopic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dong
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ganting Lei
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huidan Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiumeng Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precisional Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Powierza K, Żelazowska-Rutkowska B, Sawicka-Powierza J, Mikołuć B, Urban B, Zaremba W, Cylwik B, Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk A. Endothelin-1 Serum Concentration is Lower in Children and Adolescents with High Myopia, a Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051327. [PMID: 32370291 PMCID: PMC7290490 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of enothelin-1 (ET-1) in children and adolescents with high myopia and its association with the axial length of the eye and the presence of myopic retinal degeneration. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 57 patients with high myopia and 29 control subjects. Serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A significantly lower concentration of ET-1 in highly myopic patients compared to controls was found (1.47 (0.91; 1.87) vs. 1.94 (1.1; 2.69) pg/mL, p = 0.005). In patients with high myopia, a weak negative correlation between ET-1 concentration and the longest axial length out of the two eyes was found (r = −0.255, p = 0.0558). Further analysis revealed statistically significant differences in ET-1 concentration between patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 and ≤ 26 mm (p < 0.041) and patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm and controls (p < 0.001). ET-1 expression is disturbed in highly myopic children and adolescents. Lower ET-1 concentration in patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm may co-occur with high myopia and should be considered a risk factor in the pathophysiology of high myopia progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Powierza
- University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (B.Ż.-R.); (B.C.)
| | | | - Bożena Mikołuć
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Urban
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (B.U.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wojciech Zaremba
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (B.U.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bogdan Cylwik
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (B.Ż.-R.); (B.C.)
| | - Alina Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (B.U.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|