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Samadi A, Amiri M, Hailat N. The Reasons Behind Long-Term Endemicity of Brucellosis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:82. [PMID: 38289422 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected worldwide zoonotic disease with more than 500,000 new human cases each year. Direct contact with infected animals and consumption of undercooked animal origin foods are the main routes of brucellosis transmission to humans. Although long endeavor has been applied to control and eliminate brucellosis from animal and human populations in developing countries especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the disease is still endemic in these regions. Many common or unique factors including raw milk consumption, unhygienic slaughter of livestock, extensive husbandry, budgetary limitations, misdiagnosis, and other conditions play a role in long-term endemicity of brucellosis in these locations. It has been shown that One Health is the only practical approach to control brucellosis; however, applying such methods is challenging in low-resource areas. In such conditions, brucellosis is continuously maintained in animals and repeatedly spread to human populations. In this article, factors playing a critical role in brucellosis endemicity, and the real conditions challenging the application of One Health approach in control of brucellosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assadullah Samadi
- Paraclinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | | | - Nabil Hailat
- Veterinary Pathology, Pathology and Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology [JUST], Irbid, Jordan
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Li N, Dai S, Wu H, Zhang F, Song S, Guo Y, Wang S, Chang S, Zeng S. Effect of different manual puncture methods on donkey embryo before vitrification. Theriogenology 2024; 214:134-140. [PMID: 37866302 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of embryo recovery and transfer technology in the donkey industry is far lower than that of horses and cattle. Sometimes the recovered embryos could not be transferred in time, which required embryo cryopreservation. The embryo cryopreservation technology is more conducive to the preservation and transportation of recovered embryos with excellent genetic traits. However, this technique for donkey embryos is not efficient and needs further optimization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different manual puncture methods on the viability and pregnancy rates of vitrified-thawed donkey embryos. A total of 117 donkey embryos were recovered on day 7-8 post-ovulation and were divided into four groups by random assortment. There were 28 embryos without puncture or cryopreservation (Control). 58 embryos were manually punctured using a 29G needle (VG, n = 29) or microneedle with a sharp tip of <10 μm (VM, n = 29), then vitrified in 15% EG + 15% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose. Another 31 embryos were punctured with a microneedle and vitrified with 10% EG + 10% DMSO +0.5 M sucrose +2 mol/L proline (VMP). Both fresh embryos and vitrified-thawed embryos were incubated for 3 h (38.5 °C, 5% CO2 in air) before embryo transfer. The results showed that the embryo recovery rates on day 7.5 and 8 were higher than day 7 (P < 0.05). After incubation, dead cells were assessed and the percentages of dead cells in VM and VMP were lower than that in VG (P < 0.05), although both were higher than those in Control (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rates after 23 days post transfer were assessed and the results showed that the pregnancy rate in VG (8.0%) was lower than that in Control (41.7%), VM (24.0%) and VMP (29.6%) (P < 0.05). No pregnancies resulted from the 10 embryos with diameters ≤650 μm in VG, which lower than either VM (33.3%) or VMP (38.9%) (P < 0.05). While, there was no difference in pregnancy rates among all vitrification groups when embryos were >650 μm in diameter (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the embryo recovery rate on day 7 after ovulation was relatively low, and it was more appropriate to extend it to day 8. Microneedle puncture could reduce embryo damage and achieve a higher pregnancy rate compared with 29G needles. Proline has the potential to improve donkey embryo cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shizhen Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuyue Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyu Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lajnaf R, Feki S, Ben Ameur S, Attia H, Kammoun T, Ayadi MA, Masmoudi H. Cows' milk alternatives for children with cows' milk protein allergy - Review of health benefits and risks of allergic reaction. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Microbiological Quality of Raw Donkey Milk from Serbia and Its Antibacterial Properties at Pre-Cooling Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030327. [PMID: 36766215 PMCID: PMC9913105 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the microbiological quality of raw donkey milk of an indigenous Serbian breed as well as the changes in the microbial populations during storage at 4 °C. In addition, antibacterial activity of donkey milk against E. coli, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus at 15 °C as well as the content of the two main antibacterial proteins lysozyme and lactoferrin were investigated. Microbiological examination of 137 individual milk samples collected over a period of 21 months showed good microbiological quality since foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the analyzed samples, while the number of E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliform bacteria, sulfite-reducing Clostridia and aerobic sporogenic bacteria was below the limit of quantification (<1 cfu mL-1). During the six-days storage at 4 °C, total bacterial counts and the counts of lactic acid bacteria remained at the initial level while pathogenic bacteria were not detected. The strongest antibacterial activity of the tested milk was observed against E. coli, while S. aureus was the least sensitive to milk antibacterial compounds. Although further research is needed to fully elucidate the antibacterial mechanism and synergistic activity of different compounds in donkey milk, the high content lysozyme (2.63 ± 0.03 g L-1) and lactoferrin (15.48 mg L-1) observed in tested milk could contribute to its strong antibacterial activity and extension of the storage period during which it can be safely consumed.
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Shabani M, Solhjoo K, Taghipour A, Davami MH, Rahmanian E, Karami S, Nikkhoo AM, Hooshmand F. Occurrence of microsporidia spp. infection in children with diarrhea in southern Iran. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1127-1132. [PMID: 36457786 PMCID: PMC9606156 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia spp. are recognized emerging zoonotic microorganisms in immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the occurrence, sociodemographic and risk factors of microsporidia spp. infection using microscopic and molecular techniques in children with diarrhea in Jahrom city (Fars province, southern Iran). Stool samples were gathered from 395 children aged ≤ 14 years between January 2017 and January 2018. Next, a questionnaire includes the age, sex, living area, immune system status, breast milk consumption, contact with animals, and type of water source was completed for all children. For microscopic assessment, modified acid-fast trichrome staining was applied for detection of microsporidia spores. Furthermore, DNA extraction and PCR were accomplished for all samples. A total of 15 (3.79%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.14-6.19) and 8 (2.02%; 95% CI 0.88-3.95) samples were positive for microsporidia infection by microscopic and molecular techniques, respectively. Although none of the sociodemographic and risk factors were significant (p value > 0.05), the prevalence of this infection was higher in some variables (e.g., rurality, contact with animals and well water consumption). Three random samples were sequenced that all isolates belonged to Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Cognizance of microsporidia occurrence, risk factors, and disease disorders for the health specialists, physicians, children's families are important for appropriately control the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Shabani
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Kavous Solhjoo
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Davami
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rahmanian
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Saina Karami
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Farhang Hooshmand
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Miao X, Yu Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Qian X, Wang Y, Li S, Wang C. Chromosome-Level Haplotype Assembly for Equus asinu. Front Genet 2022; 13:738105. [PMID: 35692816 PMCID: PMC9186339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.738105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Haplotype provides significant insights into understanding genomes at both individual and population levels. However, research on many non-model organisms is still based on independent genetic variations due to the lack of haplotype.Results: We conducted haplotype assembling for Equus asinu, a non-model organism that plays a vital role in human civilization. We described the hybrid single individual assembled haplotype of the Dezhou donkey based on the high-depth sequencing data from single-molecule real-time sequencing (×30), Illumina short-read sequencing (×211), and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (×56). We assembled a near-complete haplotype for the high-depth sequenced Dezhou donkey individual and a phased cohort for the resequencing data of the donkey population.Conclusion: Here, we described the complete chromosome-scale haplotype of the Dezhou donkey with more than a 99.7% phase rate. We further phased a cohort of 156 donkeys to form a donkey haplotype dataset with more than 39 million genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Miao
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Forensic & Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonghan Yu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zicheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- College of Forensic & Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaobo Qian
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- College of Forensic & Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbin Li, ; Changfa Wang,
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbin Li, ; Changfa Wang,
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Milk Properties and Morphological Characteristics of the Donkey Mammary Gland for Development of an Adopted Milking Machine—A Review. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM) has been known in the world for 5000 years for its benefits for human nutrition and health. Nowadays, DM has become more and more attractive as a commercial product. DM contains several physiologically functional components, including high-quality whey proteins, vitamins, important minerals, unsaturated fatty acid and bioactive components. Therefore, it is not only consumed as food but also as a remedy. The average daily milk yield of a female donkey over the entire lactation season was 1.57 ± 1.12 kg/day and fluctuated between 0.20 and 6.00 kg/day. Average milk concentrations (±SD) of fat, protein, lactose, total solids and ash in DM were 0.63 ± 0.41%, 1.71 ± 0.24%, 6.34 ± 0.37%, 9.11 ± 0.95% and 0.39 ± 0.04%, respectively. Interestingly, DM is similar in composition to mare’s milk, and both are similar to mother’s milk. The anatomical and morphological properties of the mammary gland of the female donkey are special and can be compared with those of mare udders. However, the cistern cavity of the mammary gland of female donkeys is characterized by the presence of multiple pockets that open directly into the teat, instead of a single cistern cavity. Therefore, the mammary gland capacity in donkey mare is low and milking technique and routine are of most importance. So far there is no special milking machine for female donkeys and mares. The milking machines used nowadays were initially designed for smaller sheep and goat udders. The company Siliconform, Germany, has set itself the task of developing an optimized milking machine for donkey mares, which is adapted to the anatomical and morphological properties of the donkey mammary gland. Furthermore, it should achieve a physiologically ideal milking process meeting high animal welfare standards for increased milk production with high quality standards.
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An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030468. [PMID: 35335100 PMCID: PMC8953855 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine herpesviruses are important pathogens causing significant economic loss in equine and asinine populations. EHV-1/4 strains are mainly associated with respiratory distress. The aim of this study is to report the first EHV 4-associated respiratory disease in donkeys in Romania. Thirty-seven of three hundred jennies in an ecological donkey farm in southwest Romania started initially showing signs of severe upper respiratory tract disease, with ten concomitant late abortions/neonatal deaths and three neurological cases. There were nine fatalities. Pathological examination was performed, and samples were collected for Real-Time PCR analysis and histology. In addition, serum samples from 28 individuals with respiratory symptoms were collected and tested using indirect ELISA. RT-PCR identified the EHV-4 strain. Acute, diffuse necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia with occasional intraepithelial intranuclear viral inclusion bodies was identified. Additionally, EHV-1/4-specific antibodies were found in 15 of the 28 sampled animals. Few studies on donkeys and herpesviruses have been published, and this is the first reported case of EHV-4 outbreak in Romania. There is a need for more extensive seroprevalence studies as, currently, the status of EHV-4 infection in donkeys in Romania is unknown.
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Li Y, Ma Q, Liu G, Wang C. Effects of donkey milk on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13935. [PMID: 34519070 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is gaining interest as a natural nutritional and medicinal product, mainly because its composition is similar to that of human milk, and it has some potential biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Considering the increasing prevalence of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation and the multiple beneficial properties and nutritional value of donkey milk, an up-to-date review of the current studies related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities of donkey milk is necessary. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress; and to further systematically review the progress of recent research on donkey milk, mainly including its nutritional value and functional properties. Particularly, we highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of donkey milk using in vitro model, animal model, and the potential role of donkey milk in alleviating some chronic diseases related to inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper was conducted on anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities of donkey milk and its related products, in addition to a summary of the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation and the value of donkey milk. Donkey milk and its related products have been shown to scavenge reactive oxygen species, activate the antioxidant system, enhance immune function, and maintain the balance of intestinal flora in in vitro and in vivo models. This paper should provide a better understanding of the influences of oxidative stress and inflammation on host health and the biological functions and application of donkey milk, and will provide a certain basis for the nutritional regulation of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In addition, few clinical studies have been performed to establish its multiple benefits in humans. Further research is warranted to evaluate its impacts on health at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Wang Y, Miao X, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Li S, Wang C. Transcriptome Atlas of 16 Donkey Tissues. Front Genet 2021; 12:682734. [PMID: 34434218 PMCID: PMC8381363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.682734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are important livestock with great economic value in meat, skin, and milk production. However, a lack of knowledge of the transcriptome landscape across a wide range of donkey tissues limits genetic selective breeding and conservation. Here we used transcriptomics to describe the transcriptome landscape, classify the tissue-specific gene expression across all primary donkey tissues, and present supplementary analyses on the protein level of additional donkey milk samples. Overall, 16,013 protein-coding genes and 21,983 transcripts were mapped to the reference genome, including 6,778 ubiquitously expressed genes and 2,601 tissue-enriched genes. Functional analysis revealed that the function of the tissue-enriched genes was highly tissue specific. Tissue-elevated genes that could be associated with unique phenotypes in donkey were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with those in human and other livestock, the lysozyme gene in donkey breast was specifically and highly expressed. The calcium-binding lysozyme, encoded by the lysozyme gene, was also detected in high amounts in donkey milk. Given those intact lysozyme genes that predict potentially functional calcium-binding lysozyme found in only a few species (e.g., donkey and horse), the high expression of the lysozyme gene in donkey breast may contribute to the high lysozyme content in donkey milk. Furthermore, 71% of the proteins in donkey milk overlapped with human milk protein, higher than the overlapping rates of bovine, sheep, and swine with humans. The donkey transcriptomic resource contributes to the available genomic resources to interpret the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotype traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyao Miao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zicheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Li N, Yang F, Yu J, Yang W, Wu S, Ma J, Liu B, Zhang R, Zhou X, Losinno L, Miragaya MH, Zeng S. Characteristics of follicular dynamics and reproductive hormone profiles during oestrous cycles of jennies over an entire year. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:448-458. [PMID: 33368622 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although donkeys have been domesticated for over 6,000 years, limited information is available concerning their reproductive physiology, especially under intensive rearing conditions. The aims of this experiment were to study follicular dynamics and reproductive hormone variation in jennies during the inter-ovulatory interval in different seasons. A total of 12 continuous cycles of six Dezhou Black (DB) donkey jennies were examined in four different seasons. The diameters of the six largest follicles of each jenny were measured daily by ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected at fixed times for reproductive hormone assays. The results demonstrated that most jennies displayed regular oestrous cycles in all seasons. The follicular dynamics were similar in Spring, Summer and Winter, while the jennies had longer oestrous cycles with delayed follicular deviation and dominant selection in Autumn. At least two follicular waves were observed in each oestrous cycle, throughout the study, but two jennies presented oestrous cycles with three follicular waves in the Autumn. The numbers of follicular waves were consistent with the numbers of FSH surges. Oestrous characteristics of the jennies in a large herd were also analysed. The results showed that the rates of regular oestrous cycles were 83.1% (265/319), 89.6% (215/240), 80.2% (235/293) and 77.1% (178/231), with 26.4% (70/265), 19.5% (42/215), 22.1% (52/235) and 23.0% (41/178) double ovulation rates in Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, respectively. The results presented may be useful for donkey farms in the design of breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Weigang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yang Zhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Ruitao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, China
| | - Luis Losinno
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Institute of Research and Technology in animal reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Optimization of UV-C Processing of Donkey Milk: An Alternative to Pasteurization? Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010042. [PMID: 33379250 PMCID: PMC7824723 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of UV-C light technology on the inactivation of six foodborne pathogens inoculated in raw donkey milk was evaluated. Fresh raw donkey milk was artificially inoculated with the following foodborne pathogens-L. inoccua (NCTC 11288), S. aureus (NCTC 6571), B. cereus (NCTC 7464), Cronobacter sakazakii (NCTC 11467), E. coli (NCTC 9001), Salmonella enteritidis (NCTC 6676)-and then treated with UV-C doses of up to 1300 J/L. L. innocua was the most UV-C-resistant of the bacteria tested, requiring 1100 J/L for complete inactivation, while the rest of the bacteria tested was destructed in the range of 200-600 J/L. Results obtained from this study indicate that UV-C light technology has the potential to be used as a non-thermal processing method for the reduction of spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens that can be present in raw donkey milk.
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Faccia M, D’Alessandro AG, Summer A, Hailu Y. Milk Products from Minor Dairy Species: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081260. [PMID: 32722331 PMCID: PMC7460022 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back around 6000 BC. The majority of dairy products are manufactured from cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep; their production technologies are mostly standardized and have been widely investigated. Milk and dairy products from minor species are less important under the economic point of view, but they play a fundamental social role in many marginal and poor areas. Due to scarce interest of the dairy industry, their technological characteristics and related issues have been investigated less. Recently, the increasing interest toward ethnic foods and food biodiversity is helping these minor products to emerge from the "darkness" in which they have remained for long time. Some of them are increasingly seen as useful for the valorization of marginal areas, while others are recognized as innovative or healthy foods. The present review aims to resume the most recent knowledge about these less-known dairy products. The first part summarizes the main technological properties of equine, camel, and yak milk with a view to processing. The second is a survey on the related dairy products, both the traditional ones that have been manufactured for a long time and those that have been newly developed by food researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-3012
| | | | - Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science (DSMV), University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Yonas Hailu
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa 3000, Ethiopia;
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Microbial Populations of Fresh and Cold Stored Donkey Milk by High-Throughput Sequencing Provide Indication for A Correct Management of This High-Value Product. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is receiving increasing interest due to its attractive nutrient and functional properties (but also cosmetic), which make it a suitable food for sensitive consumers, such as infants with allergies, the immunocompromised, and elderly people. Our study aims to provide further information on the microbial variability of donkey milk under cold storage conditions. Therefore, we analysed by high-throughput sequencing the bacterial communities in unpasteurized donkey milk just milked, and after three days of conservation at 4 °C, respectively. Results showed that fresh donkey milk was characterized by a high incidence of spoilage Gram-negative bacteria mainly belonging to Pseudomonas spp. A composition lower than 5% of lactic acid bacteria was found in fresh milk samples, with Lactococcus spp. being the most abundant. The occurrence of microbial species belonging to risk group 2 was found in fresh milk. After three days of cold storage, the bacterial biodiversity of donkey milk was strongly reduced, since about 93% of the bacterial communities were identified as different species of psychrotrophic Pseudomonas. In conclusion, we report a preliminary description of the microbial diversity of donkey milk by using a metagenomic approach and encouraging a correct exploitation of this high-value niche product.
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