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Wang Y, Zhang YJ. Tankyrase 2 promotes lung cancer cell malignancy. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:755-764. [PMID: 38946832 PMCID: PMC11212605 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i6.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) is a potential candidate molecular target for the prognosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its biological functions are unclear. AIM To investigate the biological functions of TNKS2 in NSCLC. METHODS Using a lentiviral vector, we generated H647 model cells with TNKS2 knockdown by RNA interference and A549 model cells with TNKS2 overexpression by transfection with a TNKS2 overexpressing plasmid. Increased and decreased expression levels of TNKS2 in the two cell lines were verified using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Cell apoptosis, proliferation, and migration were determined using flow cytometry, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining, and scratch assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to examine TNKS2 and β-catenin expression levels in the two transfected cell lines and the non-transfected cells. RESULTS TNKS2 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in the highly malignant NCI-H647 cells, while it remained at a low level in the less malignant A549 cells. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of TNKS2 in A549 cells resulted in a 3-fold increase in gene expression and a 1.7-fold increase in protein expression (P < 0.01). Conversely, shRNA interference targeting TNKS2 Led to an 8-fold decrease in gene expression and a 3-fold decrease in protein expression (P < 0.01) in NCI-H647 cells. Furthermore, the cell apoptosis rate was significantly reduced (50%) and cell migration rate was increased (35%) in the TNKS2 overexpression group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, shTNKS2 promoted apoptosis by more than one fold and reduced migration by 60% (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed enhanced nuclear localization of β-catenin fluorescence signal associated with high TNKS2 expression levels. Western blot analysis investigating TNKS2/β-catenin-related proteins indicated consistent changes between TNKS2 and β-catenin expression in lung cancer cells, whereas Axin displayed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The obtained results revealed that TNKS2 may serve as an adverse prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Xie Z, Luo H, Wang T, Wang L, Zhang J, Dong W, Liu G, Li F, Kang Q, Zhu X, Zhang F, Peng W. METTL3 inhibits BMSC apoptosis and facilitates osteonecrosis repair via an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent mechanism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30195. [PMID: 38784565 PMCID: PMC11112270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) limits the efficacy of their transplantation for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). As apoptosis and RNA methylation are closely related, exploring the role and mechanism of RNA methylation in hypoxic apoptosis of BMSCs is expected to identify new targets for transplantation of BMSCs for SONFH and enhance transplantation efficacy. We performed methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) combined with RNA-seq on a hypoxia-induced apoptosis BMSC model and found that the RNA methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is involved in hypoxia-induced BMSC apoptosis. The expression of METTL3 was downregulated in BMSCs after hypoxia and in BMSCs implanted in osteonecrosis areas. Knockdown of METLL3 under normoxic conditions promoted apoptosis of BMSCs. In contrast, overexpression of METTL3 promoted the survival of BMSCs under hypoxic conditions, and overexpression of METTL3 promoted the survival of BMSCs in the osteonecrosis area and the repair of the osteonecrosis area. Regarding the mechanism, the m6A levels of the mRNAs of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and BIRC5 were significantly increased upon the overexpression of METTL3 under hypoxic conditions, which promoted the binding of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and BIRC5 mRNAs to IGF2BP2, enhanced the mRNA stability, and increased the protein expression of the three anti-apoptotic genes. In conclusion, overexpression of METTL3 promoted m6A modification of mRNAs of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and BIRC5, promoted the binding of IGF2BP2 to the above-mentioned mRNAs, enhanced mRNA stability, inhibited hypoxia-induced BMSC apoptosis, and promoted repair of SONFH, thereby providing novel targets for transplantation of BMSCs for SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xie
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Fanchao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wuxun Peng
- Department of Emergency Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
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Havlickova K, Snopkova S, Pohanka M, Svacinka R, Vydrar D, Husa P, Zavrelova J, Zlamal F, Fabianova L, Penka M, Husa P. Oxidative stress, microparticles, and E-selectin do not depend on HIV suppression. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024. [PMID: 38390755 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered predictors of diseases associated with aging. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial activation were investigated in people with HIV on antiretroviral treatment to determine whether they had an immunosenescent phenotype that might predispose to the development of premature age-related diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 213 subjects with HIV. The control groups consisted of healthy HIV-negative adults. The level of oxidative stress was measured by assessing the production of malondialdehyde levels, which were detected by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay. The level of microparticles indicated the presence of inflammation and endothelial activation was measured by E-selectin levels. Significant differences were determined by appropriate statistical tests, depending on the distribution of variables. Relationships between continuous variables were quantified using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS TBARS, and microparticle and E-selectin levels were significantly higher in untreated and treated subjects with HIV compared with HIV-negative controls (P<0.001). The levels of the investigated markers were not significantly different between untreated and treated patients and no significant correlation of these markers was found with CD4+ count, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the number of HIV-1 RNA copies. CONCLUSIONS Elevated markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory and endothelial activation were independent of the virologic and immunologic status of people with HIV. These results support the hypothesis that residual viremia in cellular reservoirs of various tissues is a key factor related to the premature aging of the immune system and predisposition to the premature development of diseases associated with aging.
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Kawahara D, Watanabe Y. A simulation study on the radiation-induced immune response of tumors after single fraction high-dose irradiation. Phys Med 2024; 118:103205. [PMID: 38241939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated radiation-induced antitumor immunity and its suppression by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) for radiosurgery (SRS) using an improved cellular automata (CA) model. METHOD A two-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) model was employed to simulate the impact of radiation on cancer cell death and subsequent immune responses. Cancer cells died from direct cell death from radiation and indirect cell death due to radiation-induced vascular damage. The model also incorporated radiation-induced immunity and immuno-suppression. It was incorporated into the model assuming that the death of cancer cells generates effector cells, forming complexes with cancer cells, and high radiation doses lead to vascular damage, inducing tumor hypoxia and increasing HIF-1α expression. The model was validated and subjected to sensitivity analysis by evaluating tumor volume changes post-irradiation and exploring the effects and sensitivity of radiation-induced immune responses. RESULTS The ratios of the tumor volume at 360 days post-irradiation and the SRS day (rTV) decreased with a higher PME, a higher Pcomp, and a lower ThHIF. The rTVs were 4.6 and 2.0 for PME = 0.1 and 0.9, 12.0 and 2.2 for Pcomp = 0.1 and 0.9, and 1.5 and 15.3 for ThHIF = 0.1 and 10.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By modeling the activation and deactivation of the effectors, the improved CA model showed that the radiation-induced immunogenic cell death in the tumor caused a decrease in the post-irradiation volume by a factor of four for the therapeutic doses relative to non-immune reaction cases. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia decreased radiation-induced immune effects by more than 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawahara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Watanabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Zhao G, Liu Z, Quan J, Sun J, Li L, Lu J. Potential role of miR-8159-x in heat stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 268:110877. [PMID: 37356566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a representative species of cold-water fish. Elevated temperatures during summer often result in significant high mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role as post-transcriptional regulators in various biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are important regulators role during heat stress. Analyzing previously obtained miRNA-sequencing data, we observed substantial down regulation of miR-8159-x in the liver tissue of heat stressed rainbow trout. In this study, we conducted a dual luciferase reporter assay to validate that miR-8159-x target, a key gene involved in heat stress in rainbow trout. By examining the expression patterns of miR-8159-x and hsp90a1 in the liver tissue at 18 °C (CG) and 24 °C (HS) groups, we propose that miR-8159-x may negatively regulate hsp90a1. Furthermore, in vitro hepatocyte assay, transfection with miR-8159-x mimics significantly reduced the expression level of hsp90a1, whereas transfection with a miR-8159-x inhibitor yielded the opposite effect. Additionally, overexpression of miR-8159-x inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in normal rainbow trout hepatocytes. We further investigated the effects of miR-8159-x overexpression or inhibition on the mRNA and protein levels of the target gene hsp90a1 under heat stress conditions. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-8159-x participates in the biological response to heat stress by targeting hsp90a1. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress in rainbow trout and provide valuable insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Jinqiang Quan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Junhao Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Zakaria NH, Saad N, Che Abdullah CA, Mohd Esa N. The Antiproliferative Effect of Chloroform Fraction of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. on 2D- and 3D-Human Lung Cancer Cells (A549) Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:936. [PMID: 37513848 PMCID: PMC10384492 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, research is being conducted to discover anticancer agents as its treatment. Eleutherine bulbosa, a Dayak folklore medicine, exhibited anticancer effects against several cancer cells; however, its anticancer potency against lung cancer cells has not been explored yet. This study aims to determine the anticancer potency of E. bulbosa bulbs against lung cancer cells (A549) using 2D and 3D culture models, as well as determine its active compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Three fractions of E. bulbosa bulbs, namely chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate, were tested for cytotoxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) and CellTiter-Glo. The antiproliferative effects of the most cytotoxic fraction against the 2D culture model were determined by a clonogenic survival assay and propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342 double staining, whereas the effects against the 3D culture model were determined by microscopy, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis. The chloroform fraction is the most cytotoxic against A549 cells than other fractions, and it inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis of A549 cells. The chloroform fraction also inhibited the growth of the A549 spheroid by suppressing the spheroid size, inducing apoptosis, reducing the proportion of CD44 lung cancer stem cells, causing arrest at the S phase of the cell cycle, and suppressing the expression of the SOX2 and MYC genes. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis detected 20 active compounds in the chloroform fraction, including the major compounds of eleutherine and isoeleutherine. In conclusion, the chloroform fraction of E. bulbosa bulbs exhibit its antiproliferative effect on 2D and 3D culture models of A549 cells, suggesting it could be a lung cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hannan Zakaria
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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He Y, Chang Q, Lu F. Oxygen-releasing biomaterials for chronic wounds breathing: From theoretical mechanism to application prospect. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100687. [PMID: 37334187 PMCID: PMC10276161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have always been considered as "gordian knots" in medicine, in which hypoxia plays a key role in blocking healing. To address this challenge, although tissue reoxygenation therapy based on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been performed clinically for several years, the bench to bedside still urges the evolution of oxygen-loading and -releasing strategies with explicit benefits and consistent outcome. The combination of various oxygen carriers with biomaterials has gained momentum as an emerging therapeutic strategy in this field, exhibiting considerable application potential. This review gives an overview of the essential relationship between hypoxia and delayed wound healing. Further, detailed characteristics, preparation methods and applications of various oxygen-releasing biomaterials (ORBMs) will be elaborated, including hemoglobin, perfluorocarbon, peroxide, and oxygen-generating microorganisms, those biomaterials are applied to load, release or generate a vast of oxygen to relieve the hypoxemia and bring the subsequent cascade effect. The pioneering papers regarding to the ORBMs practice are presented and trends toward hybrid and more precise manipulation are summarized.
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8
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Kalinichenko SG, Pushchin II, Matveeva NY. Neurotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms in the ischemic neocortex. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102230. [PMID: 36603664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal damage in ischemic stroke occurs due to permanent imbalance between the metabolic needs of the brain and the ability of the blood-vascular system to maintain glucose delivery and adequate gas exchange. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity trigger complex processes of neuroinflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis of both neurons and glial cells. This review summarizes data on the structural and chemical changes in the neocortex and main cytoprotective effects induced by focal ischemic stroke. We focus on the expression of neurotrophins (NT) and molecular and cellular changes in neurovascular units in ischemic brain. We also discuss how these factors affect the apoptosis of cortical cells. Ischemic damage involves close interaction of a wide range of signaling molecules, each acting as an efficient marker of cell state in both the ischemic core and penumbra. NTs play the main regulatory role in brain tissue recovery after ischemic injury. Heterogeneous distribution of the BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF immunoreactivity is concordant with the selective response of different types of cortical neurons and glia to ischemic injury and allows mapping the position of viable neurons. Astrocytes are the central link in neurovascular coupling in ischemic brain by providing other cells with a wide range of vasotropic factors. The NT expression coincides with the distribution of reactive astrocytes, marking the boundaries of the penumbra. The development of ischemic stroke is accompanied by a dramatic change in the distribution of GDNF reactivity. In early ischemic period, it is mainly observed in cortical neurons, while in late one, the bulk of GDNF-positive cells are various types of glia, in particular, astrocytes. The proportion of GDNF-positive astrocytes increases gradually throughout the ischemic period. Some factors that exert cytoprotective effects in early ischemic period may display neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects later on. The number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic brain tissue correlates with the BDNF levels, corroborating its protective effects. Cytoprotection and neuroplasticity are two lines of brain protection and recovery after ischemic stroke. NTs can be considered an important link in these processes. To develop efficient pharmacological therapy for ischemic brain injury, we have to deepen our understanding of neurochemical adaptation of brain tissue to acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Igor I Pushchin
- Laboratory of Physiology, A.V. Zhirmusky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Natalya Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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9
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Zhu P, Ke ZR, Chen JX, Li SJ, Ma TL, Fan XL. Advances in mechanism and regulation of PANoptosis: Prospects in disease treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120034. [PMID: 36845112 PMCID: PMC9948402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PANoptosis, a new research hotspot at the moment, is a cell death pattern in which pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis all occur in the same cell population. In essence, PANoptosis is a highly coordinated and dynamically balanced programmed inflammatory cell death pathway that combines the main features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Many variables, such as infection, injury, or self-defect, may be involved in the occurrence of PANoptosis, with the assembly and activation of the PANoptosome being the most critical. PANoptosis has been linked to the development of multiple systemic diseases in the human body, including infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the process of occurrence, the regulatory mechanism of PANoptosis, and its relation to diseases. In this paper, we summarized the differences and relations between PANoptosis and the three types of programmed cell death, and emphatically expounded molecular mechanism and regulatory patterns of PANoptosis, with the expectation of facilitating the application of PANoptosis regulation in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Ke
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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10
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Korvenlaita N, Gómez‐Budia M, Scoyni F, Pistono C, Giudice L, Eamen S, Loppi S, de Sande AH, Huremagic B, Bouvy‐Liivrand M, Heinäniemi M, Kaikkonen MU, Cheng L, Hill AF, Kanninen KM, Jenster GW, van Royen ME, Ramiro L, Montaner J, Batkova T, Mikulik R, Giugno R, Jolkkonen J, Korhonen P, Malm T. Dynamic release of neuronal extracellular vesicles containing miR-21a-5p is induced by hypoxia. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12297. [PMID: 36594832 PMCID: PMC9809533 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces changes in the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in several non-neuronal cells and pathological conditions. EVs are packed with biomolecules, such as microRNA(miR)-21-5p, which respond to hypoxia. However, the true EV association of miR-21-5p, and its functional or biomarker relevance, are inadequately characterised. Neurons are extremely sensitive cells, and it is not known whether the secretion of neuronal EVs and miR-21-5p are altered upon hypoxia. Here, we characterised the temporal EV secretion profile and cell viability of neurons under hypoxia. Hypoxia induced a rapid increase of miR-21a-5p secretion in the EVs, which preceded the elevation of hypoxia-induced tissue or cellular miR-21a-5p. Prolonged hypoxia induced cell death and the release of morphologically distinct EVs. The EVs protected miR-21a-5p from enzymatic degradation but a remarkable fraction of miR-21a-5p remained fragile and non-EV associated. The increase in miR-21a-5p secretion may have biomarker potential, as high blood levels of miR-21-5p in stroke patients were associated with significant disability at hospital discharge. Our data provides an understanding of the dynamic regulation of EV secretion from neurons under hypoxia and provides a candidate for the prediction of recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nea Korvenlaita
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Mireia Gómez‐Budia
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Flavia Scoyni
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Cristiana Pistono
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Luca Giudice
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland,Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of VeronaVeronaVenetoItaly
| | - Shaila Eamen
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Sanna Loppi
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ana Hernández de Sande
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Benjamin Huremagic
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of VeronaVeronaVenetoItaly,Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenFlandersBelgium
| | | | | | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistrySchool of Agriculture Biomedicine & EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistrySchool of Agriculture Biomedicine & EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia,Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Guido W. Jenster
- Department of UrologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of PathologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Ramiro
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institute de Biomedicine of SevilleIBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville & Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilleAndalucíaSpain
| | - Tereza Batkova
- BioVendor‐laboratorni medicina a.s.BrnoCzech Republic,International Clinical Research CenterNeurological DepartmentSt. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research CenterNeurological DepartmentSt. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of VeronaVeronaVenetoItaly
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
| | - Tarja Malm
- University of Eastern FinlandA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesKuopioFinland
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11
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Li G, Liu B, Yang J, Li X, Wang H, Wen H, He F. Acute Hypoxia Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Gill of Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) by Modulating the Epas1/Bad Pathway. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111656. [PMID: 36421370 PMCID: PMC9687431 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in Japanese flounder under hypoxic stress remain unclear. In the present study, we performed acute hypoxia stress on Japanese flounder (2.39 ± 0.84 mg/L) and detected gills responses in histomorphology and molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the volume of the interlamellar cell mass decreased and the gill lamellae prolonged, indicating the expansion of the respiratory surface area. Additionally, the fluorescence signal of apoptosis increased under hypoxic stress. In addition, the expression of two genes (EPAS1 and Bad) related to apoptosis increased about four-fold and two-fold, respectively, at 6 h of hypoxia. Meanwhile, the result of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that EPAS1 is a transcription factor, which could regulate (p < 0.05) the expression of the Bad gene, and we identified the binding site of EPAS1 was the AATGGAAAC sequence located near −766. DNA methylation assay showed that hypoxia affected the methylation status of CpG islands of EPAS1 and Bad genes. All results indicated that hypoxia could activate the EPAS1/Bad signal pathway to induce gill apoptosis of Japanese flounder. Our study provides new light on understanding the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-82031953
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12
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Shang P, Zhao G, Wang A, Mao J, Tao Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Guo C. SET/PP2A signaling regulates macrophage positioning in hypoxic tumor regions by amplifying chemotactic responses. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1741-1755. [PMID: 36224346 PMCID: PMC9636225 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the main cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In many types of solid tumors, TAMs tend to accumulate in hypoxic areas and are intimately related to poor patient prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs infiltrate hypoxic tumor regions remain unclear. In this study, we report that genetic deletion of SE translocation (SET) in myeloid cells inhibited the entry of TAMs into the hypoxic tumor region and abated their proangiogenic and immunosuppressive functions, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. Mechanistically, in response to hypoxic tumor supernatant stimulation, SET in macrophages shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the PKC-CK2α signaling axis. Cytoplasmic retention of SET increased ERK and P38 signaling by inhibiting PP2A, which promoted TAM migration into the hypoxic area and polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Therefore, we conclude that SET modulates tumor immunity by acting as a key regulator of macrophage positioning and function in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Zhang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhou
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengzhao Shang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guomeng Zhao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Anlei Wang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinlei Mao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhang Tao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changying Guo
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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13
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Yang Y, Li Y, Yuan H, Liu X, Ren Y, Gao C, Jiao T, Cai Y, Zhao S. Characterization of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks regulating oxygen utilization in type II alveolar epithelial cells of Tibetan pigs. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:854250. [PMID: 36213124 PMCID: PMC9532862 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.854250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the signaling pathway regulatory mechanisms in type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells, the progenitor cells responsible for proliferating and regenerating type I alveolar epithelial (ATI) and ATII cells, in Tibetan pigs is beneficial for exploring methods of preventing and repairing cellular damage during hypoxia. We simulated a hypoxic environment (2% O2) for culture ATII cells of Tibetan pigs and Landrace pigs, with cells cultured under normoxic conditions (21% O2) as a control group, and performed integrated analysis of circular RNA (circRNA)–microRNA (miRNA)–messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory axes by whole-transcriptome sequencing. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the source genes of the differential expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were primarily involved in cell proliferation, cellular processes, and cell killing. A series of DEcircRNAs were derived from inhibitors of apoptosis proteins and led to a key autonomous effect as modulators of cell repair in Tibetan pigs under hypoxia. The significant higher expression of COL5A1 in TL groups may inhibited apoptosis of ATII cells in Tibetan pigs under lower oxygen concentration, and may lead their better survive in the hypoxia environment. In addition, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of functional interactions was constructed that included novel_circ_000898-ssc-miR-199a-5p-CAV1 and novel_circ_000898-ssc-miR-378-BMP2, based on the node genes ssc-miR-199a-5p and ssc-miR-378, which may regulate multiple miRNAs and mRNAs that mediate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and inflammation and attenuate hypoxia-induced injury in ATII cells under hypoxic conditions. These results broaden our knowledge of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs associated with hypoxia and provide new insights into the hypoxic response of ATII cells in Tibetan pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haonan Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuanbo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shengguo Zhao,
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14
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马 沁, 刘 莉, 于 嘉, 宫 照, 王 晓, 吴 晓, 邓 光. [TRAF6 promotes Bacillus Calmette- Guérin-induced macrophage apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1279-1287. [PMID: 36210699 PMCID: PMC9550557 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in regulating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced macrophage apoptosis. METHODS The expression of TRAF6 in peripheral blood samples of 50 patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and 50 healthy individuals were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RAW264.7 macrophages were infected with BCG at different MOI and for different lengths of time, and the changes in expressions of Caspase 3 and TRAF6 were detected with Western blotting and qPCR. In a RAW264.7 cell model of BCG infection with TRAF6 knockdown established using RNA interference technique, the bacterial load was measured and cell apoptotic rate and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined with flow cytometry. The expression levels of TRAF6, Caspase 3, PARP, BAX and Bcl-2 in the cells were detected using Western blotting, and the expressions of TRAF6 and Caspase 3 were also examined with immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The expression of TRAF6 was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB as compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). In RAW264.7 cells, BCG infection significantly increased the expressions of Caspase 3 and TRAF6, which were the highest in cells infected for 18 h and at the MOI of 15. TRAF6 knockdown caused a significant increase of bacterial load in BCG-infected macrophages (P=0.05), lowered the cell apoptotic rate (P < 0.001) and reduced the expressions of Caspase 3 (P=0.002) and PARP (P < 0.001). BCG-infected RAW264.7 cells showed a significantly increased MMP (P < 0.001), which was lowered by TRAF6 knockdown (P < 0.001); the cells with both TRAF6 knockdown and BCG infection showed a lowered BAX expression (P=0.005) and an increased expression of Bcl-2 (P=0.04). CONCLUSION TRAF6 promotes BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis by regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 沁梅 马
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 莉 刘
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 嘉霖 于
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 照乾 宫
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 晓平 王
- 宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院,宁夏 银川 750021Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 晓玲 吴
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 光存 邓
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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15
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Luo Y, Li Z, Wang X, Wang J, Duan X, Li R, Peng Y, Ye Q, He Y. Characteristics of culture-condition stimulated exosomes or their loaded hydrogels in comparison with other extracellular vesicles or MSC lysates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1016833. [PMID: 36185445 PMCID: PMC9523448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1016833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has become popular to study the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells to repair damaged tissues or lost cells. Various cell types and physiological fluids release EVs, and they play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, EVs have been implicated in important processes, such as immune responses, homeostasis maintenance, coagulation, inflammation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and antigen presentation. Thus, EVs participate in both physiological and pathological progression. The main classes of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). Exosomes, which carry a mass of signal molecules such as RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, are the most important of these EVs subsets. Currently, exosomes are generating substantial interest in the scientific community. Exosomes loaded hydrogels or under different cultural environments exhibit different properties and functions. Therefore, the exosomes obtained from different sources and conditions are worth reviewing. More importantly, no review article has compared the different EVs, such as exosomes, MVs, ApoBDs, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lysates, which are special soluble substances. The differentiation between EVs and MSC lysates is a logical approach. Accordingly, this review provides an update on the latest progress in studying the roles of culture-condition stimulated exosomes or their loaded hydrogels and the differentiation between exosomes, MVs, ApoBDs, and MSC lysates. Published studies were retrieved from the PubMed® database for review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxiang Duan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Yan He,
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Yan He,
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16
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Chen F, Ling X, Zhao Y, Fu S. Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gills of scaleless carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:911-924. [PMID: 35697912 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaleless carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) are well adapted to low oxygen environment, but their specific adaptation mechanism to hypoxic condition remains unclear. The gill is an important respiratory organ that plays a crucial role in regulating hypoxic stress. Here, we established fish hypoxic stress model, as well as investigated oxidative stress, apoptotic responses, and relative enzyme activities in the gills of scaleless carp after exposure to various levels of hypoxic stress. The results demonstrated that gill lamellar height and basal length increased significantly under severe hypoxic stress, and interval lengths between lamellae increased significantly under hypoxic stress. Furthermore, lamellar epithelial cells underwent apoptosis, cytoplasmic contraction, and mitochondrial expansion, and the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly after exposure to severe hypoxic stress for 24 h. Subsequently, Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 mRNA levels, as well as Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio were significantly increased after exposure to severe hypoxic stress for 24 h, indicating upregulation of anti-apoptotic processes. Moreover, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were significantly increased after exposure to hypoxic stress for 24 h. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly after exposure to severe hypoxia for 8 h and then decreased, while glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly under hypoxic stress. Taken together, the results indicated that scaleless carp gills respond to acute hypoxic conditions by undergoing lamellar morphology remodeling, enhanced apoptosis, and increased antioxidant enzymatic activity. The study findings provided new insight into the adaptation mechanisms of scaleless carp in response to hypoxic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuJu Chen
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ling
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - YuTian Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - ShengYun Fu
- The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Naked Carps in Qinghai Lake, Xining, 810000, China
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17
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Boilard E, Bellio M. Platelet extracellular vesicles and the secretory interactome join forces in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:38-51. [PMID: 35899405 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells under various conditions. They are found in the extracellular milieu in all biological fluids. As the concentrations, contents, and origin of EVs can change during inflammation, the assessment of EVs can be used as a proxy of cellular activation. Here, we review the literature regarding EVs, more particularly those released by platelets and their mother cells, the megakaryocytes. Their cargo includes cytokines, growth factors, organelles (mitochondria and proteasomes), nucleic acids (messenger and non-coding RNA), transcription factors, and autoantigens. EVs may thus contribute to intercellular communication by facilitating exchange of material between cells. EVs also interact with other molecules secreted by cells. In autoimmune diseases, EVs are associated with antibodies secreted by B cells. By definition, EVs necessarily comprise a phospholipid moiety, which is thus the target of secreted phospholipases also abundantly expressed in the extracellular milieu. We discuss how platelet-derived EVs, which represent the majority of the circulating EVs, may contribute to immunity through the activity of their cargo or in combination with the secretory interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie-immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Bellio
- Département de microbiologie-immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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18
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yang K, Shao Y, Gu R, Liu X, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Macrophage-derived apoptotic vesicles regulate fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells via miR155. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:323. [PMID: 35842708 PMCID: PMC9288680 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are common seed cells because of abundant sources, strong proliferation ability and immunomodulatory function. Numerous researches have demonstrated that MSC-macrophage crosstalk played a key role in the tissue engineering. Macrophages could regulate the differentiation of MSCs via different molecular mechanisms, including extracellular vesicles. Apoptotic macrophages could generate large amounts of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). ApoVs are rich in proteins, RNA (microRNAs, mRNAs, ncRNAs, etc.) and lipids, and are a key intercellular communication mediator that can exert different regulatory effects on recipient cells. MiRNAs account for about half of the total RNAs of extracellular vesicles, and play important roles in biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas the functions of macrophage-derived apoVs remain largely unknown. There was no research to clarify the role of macrophage-derived apoVs in MSC fate choices. In this study, we aimed to characterize macrophage-derived apoVs, and investigate the roles of macrophage-derived apoVs in the fate commitment of MSCs. METHODS We characterized macrophage-derived apoVs, and investigated their role in MSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we performed microRNA loss- and gain-of-function experiments and western blot to determine the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Macrophages could produce a large number of apoVs after apoptosis. MSCs could uptake apoVs. Then, we found that macrophage-derived apoVs inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, apoVs were enriched for microRNA155 (miR155), and apoVs regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs by delivering miR155. Besides, miR155 regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs cultured with macrophage-derived apoVs via the SMAD2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-derived apoVs could regulate the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs through delivering miR155, which provided novel insights for MSC-mediated tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kunkun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuzi Shao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ranli Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Protective Effect of Brassica rapa Polysaccharide against Acute High-Altitude Hypoxia-Induced Brain Injury and Its Metabolomics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3063899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brassica rapa L., a traditional Tibetan medicine, has been wildly used for treating plateau disease. Polysaccharide is an important chemical component in B. rapa. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of B. rapa polysaccharide (BRP) against acute high-altitude hypoxia (AHH) induced brain injury and its metabolic mechanism. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, AHH group, Hongjingtian oral liquid group, and three BRP groups (38, 75, and 150 mg/kg/d). Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected by commercial biochemical kits. Hippocampus and cortex histopathological changes were observed by H&E staining and Nissl staining. Neuronal apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. The protein and gene expression of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, HIF-1α, microRNA 210, ISCU1/2, and COX10 were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Then, a brain metabolomics method based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was performed to discover potential biomarkers and analyze metabolic pathways. It was found that BRP decreased levels of MDA, LDH, and GSSG, increased GSH and SOD, reduced the pathological changes, inhibited apoptosis, and activated the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, enhanced protein expression of HIF-1α and gene levels of microRNA210, ISCU1/2, and COX10. Furthermore, 15 endogenous potential biomarkers were identified in the brain through metabolomics analysis. BRP can regulate 7 potential biomarkers and the corresponding metabolic pathways were mainly associated with pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Collectively, BRP has a clear protective effect on AHH-induced brain injury and its mechanisms may be related to ameliorate oxidative stress injury, inhibit apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway, and reverse metabolic pathway disturbances.
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Abstract
Higd1a is a conserved gene in evolution which is widely expressed in many tissues in mammals. Accumulating evidence has revealed multiple functions of Higd1a, as a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. It plays an important role in anti-apoptosis and promotes cellular survival in several cell types under hypoxic condition. And the survival of porcine Sertoli cells facilitated by Higd1a helps to support reproduction. In some cases, Higd1a can serve as a sign of metabolic stress. Over the past several years, a considerable amount of studies about how tumor fate is determined and how cancerous proliferation is regulated by Higd1a have been performed. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions of Higd1a in metabolic homeostasis and its pathophysiological roles in distinct diseases including cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type II diabetes and mitochondrial diseases. The prospect of Higd1a with potential to preserve mammal health is also discussed. This review might pave the way for Higd1a-based research and application in clinical practice.
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Feng J, Li S, Zhang B, Duan N, Zhou R, Yan S, Elango J, Liu N, Wu W. FGFC1 Exhibits Anti-Cancer Activity via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010076. [PMID: 35049931 PMCID: PMC8781927 DOI: 10.3390/md20010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFC1, an active compound isolated from the culture of marine fungi Stachybotrys longispora FG216, elicits fibrinolytic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity. We have previously reported that FGFC1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. However, the precise mechanisms of FGFC1 on NSCLC and its anti-cancer activity in vivo remains unclear. Hence, this study was focused to investigate the effects and regulatory mechanisms of FGFC1 on two NSCLC cell lines, EGFR-mutant PC9 (ex19del) and EGFR wild-type H1299. Results suggested that FGFC1 significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation, as well as triggered G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of PC9 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but no obvious inhibitory effects were observed in H1299 cells. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that FGFC1 significantly down-regulated 28 genes related to the NF-κB pathway, including IL-6, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 in the PC9 cells. We further confirmed that FGFC1 decreased the expression of protein p-IKKα/β, p-p65, p-IκB, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could strengthen the effects of FGFC1 on the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, cleaved-PARP-1, and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway plays a major role in FGFC1-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Correspondingly, the nuclear translocation of p-p65 was also suppressed by FGFC1 in PC9 cells. Finally, the intraperitoneal injection of FGFC1 remarkably inhibited PC9 xenograft growth and decreased the expression of Ki-67, p-p65, IL-6, and TNF-α in tumors. Our results indicated that FGFC1 exerted anti-cancer activity in PC9 cells via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing a possibility for FGFC1 to be used as a lead compound for the treatment of NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Feng
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Namin Duan
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Shike Yan
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
- Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.F.); (B.Z.); (N.D.); (R.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.E.)
- Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (W.W.)
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Hinojosa-Laborde C, Hudson IL, Ross E, Xiang L, Ryan KL. Pathophysiology of Hemorrhage as It Relates to the Warfighter. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:141-153. [PMID: 35001653 PMCID: PMC8977138 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Saving lives of wounded military Warfighters often depends on the ability to resolve or mitigate the pathophysiology of hemorrhage, specifically diminished oxygen delivery to vital organs that leads to multi-organ failure and death. However, caring for hemorrhaging patients on the battlefield presents unique challenges that extend beyond applying a tourniquet and giving a blood transfusion, especially when battlefield care must be provided for a prolonged period. This review will describe these challenges and potential strategies for treating hemorrhage on the battlefield in a prolonged casualty care situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian L Hudson
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Evan Ross
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lusha Xiang
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kathy L Ryan
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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Kawahara D, Nagata Y, Watanabe Y. Improved cellular automata model shows that indirect apoptotic cell death due to vascular damage enhances the local control of tumors by single fraction high-dose irradiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 8. [PMID: 34920444 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of indirect apoptotic cell death due to vascular damage on tumor response to a single large dose with an improved two-dimensional cellular automata model. The tumor growth was simulated by considering the oxygen and nutrients supplied to the tumor through the blood vessels. The cell damage processes were modeled by taking account of the direct cell death and the indirect death due to the radiation-induced vascular damages. The radiation increased the permeation of oxygen and nutrients through the blood vessel or caused the breakdown of the vasculature. The amount of oxygen in cancer cells affected the response of cancer cells to radiation and the tumor growth rate after irradiation. The lack of oxygen led to the apoptotic death of cancer cells. We calculated the tumor control probability (TCP) at different radiation doses, the probability of apoptotic death, the threshold of the oxygen level for indirect apoptotic death, the average oxygen level in cancer cells and the vessel survival probability after radiation damage. Due to the vessel damage, indirect cell death led to a 4% increase in TCP for the dose ranging from 15 Gy to 20 Gy. TCP increased with increasing the probability of apoptotic death and the threshold of the oxygen level for indirect apoptotic death due to increased apoptotic death. The variation of TCP as a function of the average oxygen level exhibited the minimum at the average oxygen level of 2.7%. The apoptosis increased as the average oxygen level decreased, leading to an increasing TCP. On the other hand, the direct radiation damage increased, and the apoptosis decreased for higher average oxygen level, resulting in a higher TCP. We showed by modeling the radiation damage of blood vessels in a 2D CA simulation that the indirect apoptotic death of cancer cells, caused by the reduction of the oxygen level due to vascular damage after high dose irradiation, increased TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawahara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nagata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Watanabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC494, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America
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Zhang CN, Li FJ, Zhao ZL, Zhang JN. The role of extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L885-L891. [PMID: 34549593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a common complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has a mortality rate of 30%-40%. Secondary ALI after TBI exhibits the following typical pathological features: infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar and interstitial space, alveolar septal thickening, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently identified as key mediators in TBI-induced ALI. Due to their small size and lipid bilayer, they can pass through the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation and deliver their contents, such as genetic material and proteins, to target cells through processes such as fusion, receptor-mediated interactions, and uptake. Acting as messengers, EVs contribute to mediating brain-lung cross talk after TBI. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of EVs in TBI-induced ALI, which may provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Lu D, Guo Y, Hu Y, Wang M, Li C, Gangrade A, Chen J, Zheng Z, Guo J. Fusion of apoptosis-related protein Cytochrome c with anti-HER-2 single-chain antibody targets the suppression of HER-2+ breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10638-10649. [PMID: 34697906 PMCID: PMC8581304 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has gradually developed from toxic chemotherapy to targeted therapy with fewer side effects. Approximately 30% of breast cancer patients overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). Previous studies have successfully produced single-chain antibodies (scFv) targeting HER-2+ breast cancer; however, scFv have poor stability, easy aggregation and a shorter half-life, which have no significant effect on targeting therapy. Moreover, scFv has been considered as a drug delivery platform that can kill target cells by effector molecules. However, the functional killing domains of immunotoxins are mainly derived from plant or bacterial toxins, which have a large molecular weight, low tissue permeability and severe side effects. To address these concerns, we designed several apoptotic immune molecules to replace exogenous toxins using endogenous apoptosis-related protein DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and tandem-repeat Cytochrome c base on caspase-3 responsive peptide (DEVD). Our results suggest that DFF40 or Cytc fusion scFv specifically targets HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3 and BT-474) rather than HER-2 negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). Following cellular internalization, apoptosis-related proteins inhibited tumour activity by initiating endogenous apoptosis pathways, which significantly reduced immunogenicity and toxic side effects. Therefore, we suggest that immunoapoptotic molecules may become potential drugs for targeted immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- DanDan Lu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - YiChen Guo
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - YunFeng Hu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Abhishek Gangrade
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - JiaHui Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - ZiHui Zheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Gamage TKJB, Fraser M. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Developing Brain: Current Perspective and Promising Source of Biomarkers and Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:744840. [PMID: 34630028 PMCID: PMC8498217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.744840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review focuses on our current understanding of the proposed physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the developing brain. Furthermore, since EVs have attracted great interest as potential novel cell-free therapeutics, we discuss advances in the knowledge of stem cell- and astrocyte-derived EVs in relation to their potential for protection and repair following perinatal brain injury. This review identified 13 peer-reviewed studies evaluating the efficacy of EVs in animal models of perinatal brain injury; 12/13 utilized mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) and 1/13 utilized astrocyte-derived EVs. Animal model, method of EV isolation and size, route, timing, and dose administered varied between studies. Notwithstanding, EV treatment either improved and/or preserved perinatal brain structures both macroscopically and microscopically. Additionally, EV treatment modulated inflammatory responses and improved brain function. Collectively this suggests EVs can ameliorate, or repair damage associated with perinatal brain injury. These findings warrant further investigation to identify the optimal cell numbers, source, and dosage regimens of EVs, including long-term effects on functional outcomes.
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Sun Y, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. The role of PD-L1 in the immune dysfunction that mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:76. [PMID: 34256773 PMCID: PMC8276205 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a pathological condition common to many diseases, although multiple organ injuries induced by hypoxia are often overlooked. There is increasing evidence to suggest that the hypoxic environment may activate innate immune cells and suppress adaptive immunity, further stimulating inflammation and inhibiting immunosurveillance. We found that dysfunctional immune regulation may aggravate hypoxia-induced tissue damage and contribute to secondary injury. Among the diverse mechanisms of hypoxia-induced immune dysfunction identified to date, the role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has recently attracted much attention. Besides leading to tumour immune evasion, PD-L1 has also been found to participate in the progression of the immune dysfunction which mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury. In this review, we aimed to summarise the role of immune dysfunction in hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury, the effects of hypoxia on the cellular expression of PD-L1, and the effects of upregulated PD-L1 expression on immune regulation. Furthermore, we summarise the latest information pertaining to the involvement, diagnostic value, and therapeutic potential of immunosuppression induced by PD-L1 in various types of hypoxia-related diseases, including cancers, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
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Jin P, Ding L, Wang L, Jiang S, Weng J, Gao Y, Fan J, Sun LZ. Extracellular vesicles derived from myocardial infarction plasma inhibit BMSCs apoptosis and enhance cardiac function via AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107730. [PMID: 34020395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in myocardial infarction (MI) plasma could protect against apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following hypoxia or serum deprivation in vitro and improve cardiac function following MI in vivo. The plasma samples were taken from female rats 24 h after MI. EVs were obtained and co-cultured with BMSCs. We found that EVs could be taken up by BMSCs. Co-culturing with EVs attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in EVs in a dose-dependent manner, which was reversed by the pharmacological inhibition of AKT signaling. Co-culturing with EVs improved transplantation efficiency and blunted MI-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in vivo. Furthermore, transplantation of BMSCs together with EVs can effectively promote the increase in capillary density both at the border and central zone of myocardium and ameliorate myocardial remodeling in MI rats. BMSCs and EVs transplantation treatment exhibited significant improvements in ejection fraction, fraction shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions, as evaluated by echocardiography four weeks after MI in rats. Finally, levels of differentiation- and apoptosis-related microRNAs expression in EVs that may mediate these effects were also identified by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential role of plasma-derived EVs in decreasing apoptosis of BMSCs by activating AKT signaling, promoting angiogenesis, ameliorating myocardial remodeling, and improving cardiac function in MI rats. EV application may be a novel option to ameliorate the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs to improve cardiac function following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiakan Weng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Li-Zhong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.
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Zhou H, He Y, Zhu J, Lin X, Chen J, Shao C, Wan H, Yang J. Guhong Injection Protects Against Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia by Maintaining Cerebral Microvasculature and Mitochondrial Integrity Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650983. [PMID: 34054531 PMCID: PMC8155598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Guhong injection (GHI) can be used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We investigated the antiapoptotic activity of GHI, its ability to repair the cerebral microvessels and mitochondria, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of GHI against cerebral ischemia. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were used to determine the expression of cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the structures of the cerebral microvasculature and cells. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to evaluate the nuclear morphology. FITC-AV/PI double staining was used to measure the antiapoptotic effects. The fluorescent dye JC-1 was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Biochemical assay kits were used to detect the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, there was decreased infarct volume and significantly improved neurological deficits in the GHI group. In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated, while the expression of Cyt-c, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 was notably downregulated. GHI administration attenuated the pathological change and morphology of the cerebral microvasculature, and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expressions of BFGF, VEGF, and TGF-β1 were significantly increased. The cell morphology, cell viability, cell nuclei characteristics, and mitochondrial morphology normalized following GHI treatment, which decreased the release of Cyt-c and the mitochondrial membrane potential. The levels of LDH, MMP-9, and MDA decreased, while SOD increased. Moreover, GHI administration inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) following oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Therefore, our results show that GHI administration resulted in antiapoptosis of cerebral cells and repair of cerebral microvessels and mitochondria via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular-Cranial Disease, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular-Cranial Disease, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular-Cranial Disease, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Institute of Cardiovascular-Cranial Disease, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular-Cranial Disease, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Hu X, Jiao F, Zhang L, Jiang Y. Dihydrotanshinone Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654986. [PMID: 33995073 PMCID: PMC8117156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Most (75–85%) primary liver cancers occurring worldwide are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The development of resistance and other drug related side effects are the prime reasons for the failure of treatment. Therefore, developing high-efficacy and low-toxicity natural anticancer agents is greatly needed in the treatment of HCC. Dihydrotanshinone (DHTS) is widely used for promoting blood circulation and antitumor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of DHTS-induced apoptosis of HCC, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that DHTS inhibited the growth of several HCC cells (HCCLM3, SMMC7721, Hep3B and HepG2). DHTS induced the apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells. Immunofluorescence results have showed that DHTS decreased STAT3 nuclear translocation. Moreover, Western blot results have demonstrated that DHTS suppressed the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, xenograft results have showed that DHTS suppressed tumor growth of SMMC7721 cells in vivo by inhibiting the p-STAT3. Thus, we demonstrated that DHTS could inhibit HCC by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. DHTS has potential to be a chemotherapeutic agent in HCC and merits further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Photosynthetic biomaterials: applications of photosynthesis in algae as oxygenerator in biomedical therapies. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Zhao Q, Li W, Pan W, Wang Z. CircRNA 010567 plays a significant role in myocardial infarction via the regulation of the miRNA-141/DAPK1 axis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2447-2459. [PMID: 34012592 PMCID: PMC8107568 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by temporary or permanent coronary artery occlusion, poses a serious threat to patients’ lives. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new kind of endogenous noncoding RNAs, have been widely studied recently. This study was designed to illustrate and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNA 010567 in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro, so as to provide new strategies for the therapy of MI. Methods H9c2 cells were cultured in anoxic conditions with 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 to establish the in vitro MI model. Cell viability and apoptosis were checked using MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively, Moreover, the levels of circRNA 010567, miR-141, and DAPK1 was determined using qRT-PCR. The putative targets of circRNA 010567 and miR-141 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system and the RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The release of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and the viability of mitochondria were detected using assay kits. Results The current study revealed that circRNA 010567 and DAPK1 were over-expressed, and miR-141 was low-expressed in hypoxia-induced MI. circRNA 010567 sponges miR-141 and DAPK1 was a direct target of miR-141. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circRNA 010567-siRNA impaired the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells, while these findings were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor. In addition, the miR-141 mimic markedly reduced the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria, and these results were reversed by the DAPK1-plasmid. Subsequently, functional experiments revealed that hypoxia-stimulated decreases in H9c2 cell viability, as well as increases in apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, were induced by the miR-141 mimic and circRNA 010567-siRNA. However, these results were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor and DAPK1-plasmid. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that circRNA 010567-siRNA played a protective role in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage via regulating the miR-141/DAPK1 axis, indicating that circRNA 010567-siRNA may be a promising target for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Zhao
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Tianjin Garrison No. 3 Retirement Station, Tianjin, China
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Fang S, Li P, Zhu C, Han X, Bao P, Guo W. Research progress of ulinastatin in the treatment of liver diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2720-2726. [PMID: 33284867 PMCID: PMC7716140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ulinastatin (UTI) is a trypsin inhibitor observed in urine. UTI can treat some diseases by inhibiting the broad-spectrum hydrolysis activity of various enzymes and other pharmacological effects. UTI can widely treat pancreatitis, systemic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, circulatory failure, and toxic shock clinically. The liver is a major metabolic organ of the human body. Various biological metabolic reactions require the liver's participation. When various physical and chemical factors drive the body, it will damage the liver to varying degrees. As a clinically effective drug, UTI is also known to treat some liver diseases. This article mainly describes UTI's research progress in treating septic liver injury, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, autoimmune liver disease with liver failure, and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Fang
- School of Anaesthesia, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Anaesthesia, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- School of Anaesthesia, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Anaesthesia, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Pengju Bao
- School of Anaesthesia, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yi Jishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu, Anhui, China
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Tran PHL, Xiang D, Nguyen TNG, Tran TTD, Chen Q, Yin W, Zhang Y, Kong L, Duan A, Chen K, Sun M, Li Y, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Jiang G, Duan W. Aptamer-guided extracellular vesicle theranostics in oncology. Theranostics 2020; 10:3849-3866. [PMID: 32226524 PMCID: PMC7086349 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of exosomes, nanosized vesicles (50-150 nm) released into the extracellular space via the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, has burgeoned with impressive achievements in theranostics applications. These nanosized vesicles have emerged as key players in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of diseases owing to the variety of the cargos they can carry, the nature of the molecules packaged inside the vesicles, and the robust interactions between exosomes and target cells or tissues. Accordingly, the development of exosome-based liquid biopsy techniques for early disease detection and for monitoring disease progression marks a new era of precision medicine in the 21st century. Moreover, exosomes possess intrinsic properties - a nanosized structure and unique "homing effects" - that make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles. In addition, targeted exosome-based drug delivery systems can be further optimized using active targeting ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers. Indeed, the aptamers themselves can function as therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools based on their attributes of unique target-binding and non-immunogenicity. This review aims to provide readers with a current picture of the research on exosomes and aptamers and their applications in cancer theranostics, highlighting recent advances in their transition from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H-L Tran
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louise Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tuong N-G Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thao T-D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Qian Chen
- Translational Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Wang Yin
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miomio Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, and St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- Clinical School, Luohe Medical College, 148, Daxue Road, Luohe City, Henan Province, 462000, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215004
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- GenePharma-Deakin Joint Laboratory of Aptamer Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China and Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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