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Shireman JM, Cheng L, Goel A, Garcia DM, Partha S, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Kendziorski C, Dey M. Spatial transcriptomics in glioblastoma: is knowing the right zip code the key to the next therapeutic breakthrough? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1266397. [PMID: 37916170 PMCID: PMC10618006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1266397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics, the technology of visualizing cellular gene expression landscape in a cells native tissue location, has emerged as a powerful tool that allows us to address scientific questions that were elusive just a few years ago. This technological advance is a decisive jump in the technological evolution that is revolutionizing studies of tissue structure and function in health and disease through the introduction of an entirely new dimension of data, spatial context. Perhaps the organ within the body that relies most on spatial organization is the brain. The central nervous system's complex microenvironmental and spatial architecture is tightly regulated during development, is maintained in health, and is detrimental when disturbed by pathologies. This inherent spatial complexity of the central nervous system makes it an exciting organ to study using spatial transcriptomics for pathologies primarily affecting the brain, of which Glioblastoma is one of the worst. Glioblastoma is a hyper-aggressive, incurable, neoplasm and has been hypothesized to not only integrate into the spatial architecture of the surrounding brain, but also possess an architecture of its own that might be actively remodeling the surrounding brain. In this review we will examine the current landscape of spatial transcriptomics in glioblastoma, outline novel findings emerging from the rising use of spatial transcriptomics, and discuss future directions and ultimate clinical/translational avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lingxin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amiti Goel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Diogo Moniz Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sanil Partha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
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2
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Han YP, Lin HW, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3154. [PMID: 37370764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses. Stem cells from the CNS tumours have been largely found and reported by researchers in the last decade and their roles in tumour biology have been deeply studied. However, the cross-talk of CSCs among different CNS tumour types and their clinical impacts have been rarely discussed. This article comprehensively reviews the achievements in research on CSCs in paediatric CNS tumours. Biological functions, diagnostic values, and therapeutic perspectives are reviewed in detail. Further investigations into CSCs are warranted to improve the clinical practice in treating children with CNS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hou-Wei Lin
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jiaxing Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
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3
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Perrault EN, Shireman JM, Ali ES, Lin P, Preddy I, Park C, Budhiraja S, Baisiwala S, Dixit K, James CD, Heiland DH, Ben-Sahra I, Pott S, Basu A, Miska J, Ahmed AU. Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 drives glioblastoma TMZ resistance through modulation of dNTP production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7236. [PMID: 37196077 PMCID: PMC10191446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During therapy, adaptations driven by cellular plasticity are partly responsible for driving the inevitable recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM). To investigate plasticity-induced adaptation during standard-of-care chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ), we performed in vivo single-cell RNA sequencing in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors of GBM before, during, and after therapy. Comparing single-cell transcriptomic patterns identified distinct cellular populations present during TMZ therapy. Of interest was the increased expression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), which we found to regulate dGTP and dCTP production vital for DNA damage response during TMZ therapy. Furthermore, multidimensional modeling of spatially resolved transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in patients' tissues revealed strong correlations between RRM2 and dGTP. This supports our data that RRM2 regulates the demand for specific dNTPs during therapy. In addition, treatment with the RRM2 inhibitor 3-AP (Triapine) enhances the efficacy of TMZ therapy in PDX models. We present a previously unidentified understanding of chemoresistance through critical RRM2-mediated nucleotide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella N. Perrault
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack M. Shireman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eunus S. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peiyu Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabelle Preddy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shreya Budhiraja
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shivani Baisiwala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karan Dixit
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C. David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical-Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical-Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Urbantat RM, Jelgersma C, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S, Acker G. Combining TMZ and SB225002 induces changes of CXCR2 and VEGFR signalling in primary human endothelial cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:158. [PMID: 35856448 PMCID: PMC9350968 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard of care therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) consisting of surgical removal, temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy fails to cure the disease and median survival is limited to 15 months. Therapeutic approaches targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, one of the major drivers of tumour growth, have not prolonged patient survival as reported in clinical studies. Apart from VEGFR signalling, proangiogenic C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is of special interest as its ligands C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and interleukin-8 (IL8) are upregulated and associated with reduced survival in GBM patients. As CXCR2 is also expressed by endothelial cells, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of combination therapy on gene and protein expression of primary human endothelial cells (HUVECs). To mimic the GBM specific CXCL2/IL8 oversupply environment [referred to as stimulation (STIM)], HUVECs were treated with a cocktail of CXCL2/IL8 and/or TMZ and/or CXCR2-antagonist SB225002 (SB). In brief, six treatment conditions were utilized: i) Control, ii) STIM (CXCL2/IL8), iii) TMZ + SB, iv) STIM + TMZ, v) STIM + SB, vi) STIM + TMZ + SB followed by either RNA-isolation and RT-qPCR for BAX, BCL2, vascular endothelial growth receptor (VEGFR)1/2, VEGF, CXCR1/2, CXCL2 and IL8 or immunofluorescence staining for VEGFR2 and CXCR2. SB and TMZ led to morphological changes of HUVECs and downregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 in vitro. In addition, gene expression of the alternative proangiogenic CXCL2/IL8/CXCR2 signalling pathway was significantly altered by the combination therapy, while the VEGF/VEGFR1/2 axis was only mildly affected. Furthermore, VEGFR2 and CXCR2 gene and protein expression regulation differed. VEGFR2 was not altered at the gene expression level, while combination therapy with TMZ and SB led to a 74% upregulation of VEGFR2 at the protein level. By contrast, CXCR2 was upregulated 5-fold by the combination therapy at the gene expression level and downregulated by 72.5% at the protein expression level. The present study provided first insights into the molecular changes of two major proangiogenic pathways in primary endothelial cells during treatment with TMZ and SB. Different gene and protein expression levels of the proangiogenic receptors CXCR2 and VEGFR2 in vitro must be taken into consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Urbantat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudius Jelgersma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gueliz Acker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Nakod PS, Kondapaneni RV, Edney B, Kim Y, Rao SS. The impact of temozolomide and lonafarnib on the stemness marker expression of glioblastoma cells in multicellular spheroids. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3284. [PMID: 35768943 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. The GBM microenvironment is highly heterogeneous and is composed of many cell types including astrocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) along with tumor cells, which are responsible for heightened resistance to standard chemotherapeutic drugs such as Temozolomide (TMZ). Here, we investigated how drug treatments impact stemness marker expression of GBM cells in multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models. Co- and tri-culture MCTS constructed using U87-MG GBM cells, astrocytes and/or ECs were cultured for 7 days. At day 7, 5 μM lonafarnib (LNF), 100 μM TMZ, or combination of 5 μM LNF + 100 μM TMZ was added and the MCTS were cultured for an additional 48 h. We assessed the spheroid sizes and expression of stemness markers- NESTIN, SOX2, CD133, NANOG, and OCT4- through qRT-PCR and immunostaining. Following 48 h treatment with LNF, TMZ or their combination (LNF+TMZ), the spheroid sizes decreased compared to the untreated control. We also observed that the expression of most of the stemness markers significantly increased in the LNF+TMZ treated condition as compared to the untreated condition. These results indicate that drug treatment can influence the stemness marker expression of GBM cells in MCTS models and these aspects must be considered while evaluating therapies. In future, by incorporating other relevant cell types, we can further our understanding of their crosstalk, eventually leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki S Nakod
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Raghu Vamsi Kondapaneni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Brandon Edney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Han X, Wang Q, Fang S, Wang J, Liu F, Zhang J, Jin G. P4HA1 Regulates CD31 via COL6A1 in the Transition of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells to Tumor Endothelioid Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836511. [PMID: 35494018 PMCID: PMC9044633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common intracranial malignancy characterized by abundant and aberrant vasculature. The efficiency of existing antivascular treatments remains unsatisfactory. The transition of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) into tumor endothelioid cells (ECs) has been thought to cause glioma neovascularization and anti-angiogenesis tolerance, but the mechanisms regulating glioma transdifferentiation remains unclear. Our previous study found that P4HA1 regulates GSCs vascular mimicry in a hypoxic microenvironment, but the detailed molecular mechanism has not been determined. In this study, candidate protein COL6A1 was screened by mass spectrometry. In vitro experiments show that P4HA1 regulates the expression of CD31 via COL6A1, with the levels of expression of P4HA1, COL6A1 and the vascular endothelial molecular markers CD31 showing positive correlations in vivo assay. Altering the expression of P4HA1 in GSCs altered the expression of COL6A1 and CD31, thereby inducing glioma angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study revealed that the P4HA1/COL6A1 axis modulates the transdifferentiation process of GSCs into ECs. Interrupting this signaling axis can inhibit glioma angiogenesis, suggesting that this axis may be a novel target for antivascular therapy in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Han
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Ribatti D, Pezzella F. Vascular Co-Option and Other Alternative Modalities of Growth of Tumor Vasculature in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874554. [PMID: 35433447 PMCID: PMC9005970 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-angiogenic tumors grow in the absence of angiogenesis by two main mechanisms: cancer cells infiltrating and occupying the normal tissues to exploit pre-existing vessels (vascular co-option); the cancer cells themselves forms channels able to provide blood flow (the so called vasculogenic mimicry). In the original work on vascular co-option initiated by Francesco Pezzella, the non-angiogenic cancer cells were described as “exploiting” pre-existing vessels. Vascular co-option has been described in primary and secondary (metastatic) sites. Vascular co-option is defined as a process in which tumor cells interact with and exploit the pre-existing vasculature of the normal tissue in which they grow. As part of this process, cancer cells first migrate toward vessels of the primary tumor, or extravasate at a metastatic site and rest along the ab-luminal vascular surface. The second hallmark of vascular co-option is the interaction of cancer cells with the ab-luminal vascular surface. The first evidence for this was provided in a rat C6 glioblastoma model, showing that the initial tumor growth phase was not always avascular as these initial tumors can be vascularized by pre-existing vessels. The aim of this review article is to analyze together with vascular co-option, other alternative mode of vascularization occurring in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including vasculogenic mimicry, angiotropism and trans-differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Cellular Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041092. [PMID: 35205842 PMCID: PMC8870579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper summarizes the crosstalk between tumor/non-tumor cells and other elements of the glioblastoma (GB) microenvironment. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and GB is considered the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be a key factor for the ineffective treatment since the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the TME and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy. Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) represents a complex network of different cells, such as neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and glioblastoma (GB) is considered the most lethal tumor in this region. The development of GB leads to the infiltration of healthy tissue through the interaction between all the elements of the brain network. This results in a GB microenvironment, a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be the principal factor for the ineffective treatment due to the fact that the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. Crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment finally inhibits the beneficial action of molecular pathways, favoring the development and invasion of the tumor and its increasing resistance to treatment. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy.
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Uribe D, Niechi I, Rackov G, Erices JI, San Martín R, Quezada C. Adapt to Persist: Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Epigenetic Regulation on Cell Plasticity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:313. [PMID: 35205179 PMCID: PMC8869716 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. A subpopulation of cells denominated GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibits multipotency and self-renewal capacity. GSCs are considered the conductors of tumor progression due to their high tumorigenic capacity, enhanced proliferation, invasion and therapeutic resistance compared to non-GSCs cells. GSCs have been classified into two molecular subtypes: proneural and mesenchymal, the latter showing a more aggressive phenotype. Tumor microenvironment and therapy can induce a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, as a mechanism of adaptation and resistance to treatments. In addition, GSCs can transition between quiescent and proliferative substates, allowing them to persist in different niches and adapt to different stages of tumor progression. Three niches have been described for GSCs: hypoxic/necrotic, invasive and perivascular, enhancing metabolic changes and cellular interactions shaping GSCs phenotype through metabolic changes and cellular interactions that favor their stemness. The phenotypic flexibility of GSCs to adapt to each niche is modulated by dynamic epigenetic modifications. Methylases, demethylases and histone deacetylase are deregulated in GSCs, allowing them to unlock transcriptional programs that are necessary for cell survival and plasticity. In this review, we described the effects of GSCs plasticity on GBM progression, discussing the role of GSCs niches on modulating their phenotype. Finally, we described epigenetic alterations in GSCs that are important for stemness, cell fate and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uribe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Gorjana Rackov
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José I. Erices
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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Tondepu C, Karumbaiah L. Glycomaterials to Investigate the Functional Role of Aberrant Glycosylation in Glioblastoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101956. [PMID: 34878733 PMCID: PMC9048137 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a stage IV astrocytoma that carries a dismal survival rate of ≈10 months postdiagnosis and treatment. The highly invasive capacity of GBM and its ability to escape therapeutic challenges are key factors contributing to the poor overall survival rate. While current treatments aim to target the cancer cell itself, they fail to consider the significant role that the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) plays in promoting tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. The GBM tumor glycocalyx and glycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which are important constituents of the TME have received little attention as therapeutic targets. A wide array of aberrantly modified glycans in the GBM TME mediate tumor growth, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and immunosuppression. Here, an overview of the landscape of aberrant glycan modifications in GBM is provided, and the design and utility of 3D glycomaterials are discussed as a tool to evaluate glycan-mediated GBM progression and therapeutic efficacy. The development of alternative strategies to target glycans in the TME can potentially unveil broader mechanisms of restricting tumor growth and enhancing the efficacy of tumor-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tondepu
- Regenerative Bioscience Science Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - L. Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Science Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical & Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,Edgar L. Rhodes center for ADS, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Brown CJ, Simon T, Cilibrasi C, Lynch PJ, Harries RW, Graf AA, Large MJ, Ogilvie SP, Salvage JP, Dalton AB, Giamas G, King AAK. Tuneable synthetic reduced graphene oxide scaffolds elicit high levels of three-dimensional glioblastoma interconnectivity in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:373-383. [PMID: 34931630 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue scaffolds have utilised nanomaterials to great effect over the last decade. In particular, scaffold design has evolved to consider mechanical structure, morphology, chemistry, electrical properties, and of course biocompatibility - all vital to the performance of the scaffold and how successful they are in developing cell cultures. We have developed an entirely synthetic and tuneable three-dimensional scaffold of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that shows good biocompatibility, and favourable mechanical properties as well as reasonable electrical conductivity. Importantly, the synthesis is scaleable and suitable for producing scaffolds of any desired geometry and size, and we observe a high level of biocompatibility and cell proliferation for multiple cell lines. In particular, one of the most devastating forms of malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM), grows especially well on our rGO scaffold in vitro, and without the addition of response-specific growth factors. We have observed that our scaffold elicits spontaneous formation of a high degree of intercellular connections across the GBM culture. This phenomenon is not well documented in vitro and nothing similar has been observed in synthetic scaffolds without the use of response-specific growth factors - which risk obscuring any potential phenotypic behaviour of the cells. The use of scaffolds like ours, which are not subject to the limitations of existing two-dimensional substrate technologies, provide an excellent system for further investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid proliferation and success of cancers like GBM. These synthetic scaffolds can advance our understanding of these malignancies in the pursuit of improved theranostics against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Cilibrasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Peter J Lynch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Rhiannon W Harries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Aline Amorim Graf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Matthew J Large
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Sean P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Jonathan P Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Alice A K King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
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12
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Shi Y, Wu M, Liu Y, Hu L, Wu H, Xie L, Liu Z, Wu A, Chen L, Xu C. ITGA5 Predicts Dual-Drug Resistance to Temozolomide and Bevacizumab in Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769592. [PMID: 34976814 PMCID: PMC8719456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anti-angiotherapy (Bevacizumab) is currently regarded as a promising option for glioma patients who are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. But ongoing clinical research failed to meet therapeutic expectations. This study aimed to explore the pivotal genetic feature responsible for TMZ and Bevacizumab resistance in glioma patients. METHODS We downloaded the transcriptomic and methylation data of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and grouped these patients into resistant and non-resistant groups based on their clinical profiles. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were identified and exhibited with software in R platform. A TMZ-resistant cell line was constructed for validating the expression change of the candidate gene, ITGA5. An ITGA5-overexpressing cell line was also constructed to investigate its biological function using the CCK8 assay, Western blot, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and transcriptional sequencing. RESULTS Change of the cell morphology and polarity was closely associated with TMZ mono-resistance and TMZ/Bevacizumab dual resistance in glioma patients. The expression level of ITGA5 was effective in determining drug resistance and the outcome of glioma patients, which is regulated by methylation on two distinct sites. ITGA5 was augmented in TMZ-resistant glioma cells, while overexpressing ITGA5 altered the cell-promoted TMZ resistance through enhancing vascular mimicry (VM) formation correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS Both the epigenetic and transcriptional levels of ITGA5 are effective in predicting TMZ and Bevacizumab resistance, indicating that ITGA5 may serve as a predictor of the treatment outcomes of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengwan Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlin Hu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- The Center for Advanced Semiconductor & Integrated Micro-System, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
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13
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Xie J, Kong X, Wang W, Li Y, Lin M, Li H, Chen J, Zhou W, He J, Wu H. Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation Predicts Tumor Progression in Oligodendroglioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609844. [PMID: 34483751 PMCID: PMC8408314 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been identified as an important vasculogenic mechanism in malignant tumors, but little is known about its clinical meanings and mechanisms in oligodendroglioma. In this study, VM-positive cases were detected in 28 (20.6%) out of 136 oligodendroglioma samples, significantly associated with higher WHO grade, lower Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores, and recurrent tumor (p < 0.001, p = 0.040, and p = 0.020 respectively). Patients with VM-positive oligodendroglioma had a shorter progress-free survival (PFS) compared with those with VM-negative tumor (p < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was detected in overall survival (OS) between these patients. High levels of phosphorylate serine/threonine kinases Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (pATM) and phosphorylate Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-Related (pATR) were detected in 31 (22.8%) and 34 (25.0%), respectively out of 136 oligodendroglioma samples. Higher expressions of pATM and pATR were both associated with a shorter PFS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). VM-positive oligodendroglioma specimens tended to exhibit higher pATM and pATR staining than VM-negative specimens (rs = 0.435, p < 0.001 and rs = 0.317, p < 0.001). Besides, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) expression was detected in 14(10.3%) samples, correlated with higher WHO grade and non-frontal lobe (p = 0.010 and p = 0.029). However, no obvious connection was detected between HIF1α expression and VM formation (p = 0.537). Finally, either univariate or multivariate analysis suggested that VM was an independent unfavorable predictor for oligodendroglioma patients (p < 0.001, HR = 7.928, 95%CI: 3.382-18.584, and p = 0.007, HR = 4.534, 95%CI: 1.504-13.675, respectively). VM is a potential prognosticator for tumor progression in oligodendroglioma patients. Phosphorylation of ATM and ATR linked to treatment-resistance may be associated with VM formation. The role of VM in tumor progression and the implication of pATM/pATR in VM formation may provide potential therapeutic targets for oligodendroglioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyu Lin
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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14
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Recent Advances in Glioma Therapy: Combining Vascular Normalization and Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153686. [PMID: 34359588 PMCID: PMC8345045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for more than 50% of all primary malignancies of the brain. Current standard treatment regimen for GBM includes maximal surgical resection followed by radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumor cells, tumor recurrence is often inevitable. The prognosis of patients with glioma is, thus, dismal. Glioma is a highly angiogenic tumor yet immunologically cold. As such, evolving studies have focused on designing strategies that specifically target the tyrosine kinase receptors of angiokines and encourage immune infiltration. Recent promising results from immunotherapies on other cancer types have prompted further investigations of this therapy in GBM. In this article, we reviewed the pathological angiogenesis and immune reactivity in glioma, as well as its target for drug development, and we discussed future directions in glioma therapy.
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15
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Rosińska S, Gavard J. Tumor Vessels Fuel the Fire in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6514. [PMID: 34204510 PMCID: PMC8235363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a subset of aggressive brain tumors, deploy several means to increase blood vessel supply dedicated to the tumor mass. This includes typical program borrowed from embryonic development, such as vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis, as well as unconventional processes, including co-option, vascular mimicry, and transdifferentiation, in which tumor cells are pro-actively engaged. However, these neo-generated vascular networks are morphologically and functionally abnormal, suggesting that the vascularization processes are rather inefficient in the tumor ecosystem. In this review, we reiterate the specificities of each neovascularization modality in glioblastoma, and, how they can be hampered mechanistically in the perspective of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosińska
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Julie Gavard
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Integrated Center for Oncology, ICO, 44800 St. Herblain, France
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16
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Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
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17
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Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:665-683. [PMID: 33391498 PMCID: PMC7738846 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.
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18
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New Avenues in Radiotherapy of Glioblastoma: from Bench to Bedside. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Peleli M, Moustakas A, Papapetropoulos A. Endothelial-Tumor Cell Interaction in Brain and CNS Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7371. [PMID: 33036204 PMCID: PMC7582718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and other brain or CNS malignancies (like neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma) are difficult to treat and are characterized by excessive vascularization that favors further tumor growth. Since the mean overall survival of these types of diseases is low, the finding of new therapeutic approaches is imperative. In this review, we discuss the importance of the interaction between the endothelium and the tumor cells in brain and CNS malignancies. The different mechanisms of formation of new vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients are discussed. We also describe how the tumor cells (TC) alter the endothelial cell (EC) physiology in a way that favors tumorigenesis. In particular, mechanisms of EC-TC interaction are described such as (a) communication using secreted growth factors (i.e., VEGF, TGF-β), (b) intercellular communication through gap junctions (i.e., Cx43), and (c) indirect interaction via intermediate cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and immune cells). At the signaling level, we outline the role of important mediators, like the gasotransmitter nitric oxide and different types of reactive oxygen species and the systems producing them. Finally, we briefly discuss the current antiangiogenic therapies used against brain and CNS tumors and the potential of new pharmacological interventions that target the EC-TC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
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20
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Liu HL, Tang HT, Yang HL, Deng TT, Xu YP, Xu SQ, Peng L, Wang Z, Fang Q, Kuang XY, Li QS. Oct4 Regulates the Transition of Cancer Stem-Like Cells to Tumor Endothelial-Like Cells in Human Liver Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:563316. [PMID: 33102474 PMCID: PMC7554317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.563316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) has been recently implicated as a proangiogenic regulator in several induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), however, its role in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) remain unclear. We report here that Oct4 participates in tumor vasculogenesis in liver CSCs (LCSCs). We identify that LCSCs possess the potential of endothelial trans-differentiation under endothelial induction, present endothelial specific markers and their functions in vitro, and participate in neovasculogenesis in vivo. The knockdown of the Oct4A by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in LCSCs represses endothelial trans-differentiation potential, but induces endothelial lineage-restricted differentiation, the latter is positively regulated by Oct4B1. Furthermore, Oct4 regulates vasculogenesis in LCSCs may be via the AKT-NF-κB-p65 signaling pathway. This work reveals Oct4, which is a crucial regulator, plays a critical role in tumor endothelial-like cells transition of LCSCs through Oct4A and Oct4B1 by different ways. The simultaneous inhibition of both the isoforms of Oct4 is hence expected to help regress neovascularization derived from CSCs. Our findings may provide insights to the possible new mechanisms of tumor vasculogenesis for primary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ting Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Kuang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin-Shan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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21
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Herbener VJ, Burster T, Goreth A, Pruss M, von Bandemer H, Baisch T, Fitzel R, Siegelin MD, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA, Strobel H. Considering the Experimental use of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E151. [PMID: 32512726 PMCID: PMC7344626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) currently remains the only chemotherapeutic component in the approved treatment scheme for Glioblastoma (GB), the most common primary brain tumour with a dismal patient's survival prognosis of only ~15 months. While frequently described as an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage and thus-ultimately-cell death, a recent debate has been initiated to re-evaluate the therapeutic role of TMZ in GB. Here, we discuss the experimental use of TMZ and highlight how it differs from its clinical role. Four areas could be identified in which the experimental data is particularly limited in its translational potential: 1. transferring clinical dosing and scheduling to an experimental system and vice versa; 2. the different use of (non-inert) solvent in clinic and laboratory; 3. the limitations of established GB cell lines which only poorly mimic GB tumours; and 4. the limitations of animal models lacking an immune response. Discussing these limitations in a broader biomedical context, we offer suggestions as to how to improve transferability of data. Finally, we highlight an underexplored function of TMZ in modulating the immune system, as an example of where the aforementioned limitations impede the progression of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J. Herbener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Alicia Goreth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Pruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Hélène von Bandemer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Tim Baisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
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Hassan G, Seno M. Blood and Cancer: Cancer Stem Cells as Origin of Hematopoietic Cells in Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051293. [PMID: 32455995 PMCID: PMC7290570 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts of hematopoiesis and the generation of blood and immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are some steady concepts in the field of hematology. However, the knowledge of hematopoietic cells arising from solid tumor cancer stem cells is novel. In the solid tumor microenvironment, hematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. Recent studies have reported that solid tumor cancer cells or cancer stem cells could differentiate into hematopoietic cells. Here, we discuss efforts and research that focused on the presence of hematopoietic cells in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss hematopoiesis from solid tumor cancer stem cells and clarify the notion of differentiation of solid tumor cancer stem cells into non-cancer hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-251-8216
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Cai HQ, Liu AS, Zhang MJ, Liu HJ, Meng XL, Qian HP, Wan JH. Identifying Predictive Gene Expression and Signature Related to Temozolomide Sensitivity of Glioblastomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:669. [PMID: 32528873 PMCID: PMC7258082 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is considered a standard chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma (GBM). Characterizing the biological molecules and signaling pathways involved in TMZ sensitivity would be helpful for selecting therapeutic schemes and evaluating prognosis for GBM. Thus, in the present study, we selected 34 glioma cell lines paired with specific IC50 values of TMZ obtained from CancerRxGene and RNA-seq data downloaded from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to identify genes related to TMZ sensitivity. The results showed that 1,373 genes were related to the response of GBM cells to TMZ. Biological function analysis indicated that epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Wnt signaling, and immune response were the most significantly activated functions in TMZ-resistant cell lines. Additionally, negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase was enriched in TMZ-sensitive glioma cell lines. We also preliminarily observed a synergistic effect of combination treatment comprising TMZ and a telomerase inhibitor in vitro. We identified six genes (MROH8, BET1, PTPRN2, STC1, NKX3-1, and ARMC10) using the random survival forests variable hunting algorithm based on the minimum error rate of the gene combination and constructed a gene expression signature. The signature was strongly related to GBM clinical characteristics and exhibited good prognosis accuracy for both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Patients in the high score group had a shorter survival time than those in the low score group (11.2 vs. 22.2 months, hazard ratio = 7.31, p = 4.59e−11) of the TCGA dataset. The CGGA dataset was selected as a validation group with 40 patients in the high score set and 43 patients in the low score set (12.5 vs. 28.8 months, hazard ratio = 3.42, p = 8.61e−5). Moreover, the signature showed a better prognostic value than MGMT promoter methylation in both datasets. We also developed a nomogram for clinical use that integrated the TMZ response signature and four other risk factors to individually predict patient survival after TMZ chemotherapy. Overall, our study provides promising therapeutic targets and potential guidance for adjuvant therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang-Si Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hou-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Peng Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Hai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kondaiah P, Kundu P, Santosh V. Mechanisms of cell competition in glioblastoma: A narrative review. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_29_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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