1
|
Mejía-Méndez JL, Sánchez-Ante G, Minutti-Calva Y, Schürenkämper-Carrillo K, Navarro-López DE, Buendía-Corona RE, González-Chávez MDCÁ, Sánchez-López AL, Lozada-Ramírez JD, Sánchez-Arreola E, López-Mena ER. Kalanchoe tomentosa: Phytochemical Profiling, and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1051. [PMID: 39204156 PMCID: PMC11357309 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the leaves of K. tomentosa were macerated with hexane, chloroform, and methanol, respectively. The phytochemical profiles of hexane and chloroform extracts were unveiled using GC/MS, whereas the chemical composition of the methanol extract was analyzed using UPLC/MS/MS. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative strains through the minimal inhibitory concentration assay, and in silico studies were implemented to analyze the interaction of phytoconstituents with bacterial peptides. The antioxidant property of extracts was assessed by evaluating their capacity to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals. The toxicity of the extracts was recorded against Artemia salina nauplii and Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Results demonstrate that the hexane and chloroform extracts contain phytosterols, triterpenes, and fatty acids, whereas the methanol extract possesses glycosidic derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol together with sesquiterpene lactones. The antibacterial performance of extracts against the cultured strains was appraised as weak due to their MIC90 values (>500 μg/mL). As antioxidants, treatment with extracts executed high and moderate antioxidant activities within the range of 50-300 μg/mL. Extracts did not decrease the viability of A. salina, but they exerted a high toxic effect against C. elegans during exposure to treatment. Through in silico modeling, it was recorded that the flavonoids contained in the methanol extract can hamper the interaction of the NAM/NAG peptide, which is of great interest since it determines the formation of the peptide wall of gram-positive bacteria. This study reports for the first time the biological activities and phytochemical content of extracts from K. tomentosa and proposes a possible antibacterial mechanism of glycosidic derivatives of flavonoids against gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Mejía-Méndez
- Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carr. México Texcoco km 36.4, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (J.L.M.-M.); (M.d.C.Á.G.-C.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Gildardo Sánchez-Ante
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.S.-A.); (D.E.N.-L.); (A.L.S.-L.)
| | - Yulianna Minutti-Calva
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Karen Schürenkämper-Carrillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Diego E. Navarro-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.S.-A.); (D.E.N.-L.); (A.L.S.-L.)
| | - Ricardo E. Buendía-Corona
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Ma. del Carmen Ángeles González-Chávez
- Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carr. México Texcoco km 36.4, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (J.L.M.-M.); (M.d.C.Á.G.-C.)
| | - Angélica Lizeth Sánchez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.S.-A.); (D.E.N.-L.); (A.L.S.-L.)
| | - J. Daniel Lozada-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; (Y.M.-C.); (K.S.-C.); (R.E.B.-C.)
| | - Edgar R. López-Mena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.S.-A.); (D.E.N.-L.); (A.L.S.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Machinski I, Andrade EA, Schaffka VM, de Almeida VP, Santos A, Bueno D, Perera WH, Pereira RP, Manfron J, Miyoshi E, Beltrame FL. Exploring the Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Profiles of Aqueous Extracts of Kalanchoe. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400660. [PMID: 38771297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of plants for medicinal purposes has a long history, however it is desirable a continuous evaluation seeking for complementary scientific evidences for their safe application. Species within the Kalanchoe genus are often referred to as "miracle leaf" due to their remarkable healing properties. Traditionally, these plants have been used to treat infections, inflammation, and cancer. Despite their widespread use, the identification of their active components remains incomplete. This study aimed to differentiate K. crenata (KC), K. marmorata (KM), and K. pinnata (KP) by conducting detailed histochemical and phytochemical analyses, and to assess their antioxidant capabilities. The investigation revealed significant differences between the species, highlighting the variability in phenolic (PC) and flavonoid contents (FC) and their distinct antioxidant effects. The KM demonstrated the greatest results (PC: 59.26±1.53 mgEqGA/g; FC: 12.63±0.91 mgEqCQ/g; DPPH⋅ (IC50): 110.66 ug/mL; ABTS⋅+ (IC50): 26.81 ug/mL; ORAC: 9.65±0.75 mmolTE) when compared to KC and KP. These findings underscore a new reference for research within the Kalanchoe genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Assis Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Manfron
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Edmar Miyoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Assis de Andrade E, Machinski I, Terso Ventura AC, Barr SA, Pereira AV, Beltrame FL, Strangman WK, Williamson RT. A Review of the Popular Uses, Anatomical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): A Genus of Plants Known as "Miracle Leaf". Molecules 2023; 28:5574. [PMID: 37513446 PMCID: PMC10383218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Kalanchoe have a long history of therapeutic use in ethnomedicine linked to their remarkable healing properties. Several species have chemical and anatomical similarities, often leading to confusion when they are used in folk medicine. This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the reported traditional uses, botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological potential of the Kalanchoe species. Published scientific materials were collected from the PubMed and SciFinder databases without restriction regarding the year of publication through April 2023. Ethnopharmacological knowledge suggests that these species have been used to treat infections, inflammation, injuries, and other disorders. Typically, all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes either as crude extract or juice. Botanical evaluation can clarify species differentiation and can enable correct identification and validation of the scientific data. Flavonoids are the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified from Kalanchoe species and can be correlated with some biological studies (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential). This review summarizes several topics related to the Kalanchoe genus, supporting future studies regarding other unexplored research areas. The need to conduct further studies to confirm the popular uses and biological activities of bioactive compounds is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Assis de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Terso Ventura
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah Ainslie Barr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Airton Vicente Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendy Karen Strangman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Robert Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bioactive Compounds from Kalanchoe Genus Potentially Useful for the Development of New Drugs. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030646. [PMID: 36983802 PMCID: PMC10058616 DOI: 10.3390/life13030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) is native to Madagascar and comprises 145 species, being naturalized in the tropics and cultivated worldwide. In addition to having ornamental value, several Kalanchoe species are commonly used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, wounds, gastric ulcers, and other diseases. The great importance of the genus is reflected on its acknowledgment by traditional and alternative health systems and organizations, as well as on the growing number of papers reporting pharmacological properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Kalanchoe. Among these properties, we highlight anti-inflammatory, antitumor, wound healing, antiulcer, and muscle relaxing properties. These activities are attributed mostly to flavonoids and bufadienolides, the main secondary metabolites reported in Kalanchoe extracts. While bufadienolides are generally related to cytotoxic and muscle relaxing activities, flavonoids are commonly reported as anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. This review provides up to date information and perspectives on bioactive compounds from the Kalanchoe genus that are potentially useful for the development of new drugs. It includes not only a discussion on the advantages of the Kalanchoe species as source of bioactive compounds, but also the gaps, opportunities, and challenges to translate the acquired knowledge into innovation for drug development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernández-Caballero ME, Sierra-Ramírez JA, Villalobos-Valencia R, Seseña-Méndez E. Potential of Kalanchoe pinnata as a Cancer Treatment Adjuvant and an Epigenetic Regulator. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196425. [PMID: 36234962 PMCID: PMC9573125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health problem that is related to different environmental and lifestyle factors. Although the combination of screening, prevention, and treatment of cancer has resulted in increased patient survival, conventional treatments sometimes have therapeutic limitations such as resistance to drugs or severe side effects. Oriental culture includes herbal medicine as a complementary therapy in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients in Kalanchoe pinnata, a succulent herb with ethnomedical applications for several diseases, including cancer, and reveal its anticancer mechanisms through a molecular approach. The herb contains gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, bersaldegenin, bryophyllin a, bryophyllin c, bryophynol, bryophyllol and bryophollone, stigmasterol, campesterol, and other elements. Its phytochemicals participate in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, angiogenesis, metastasis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. They have the potential to act as epigenetic drugs by reverting the acquired epigenetic changes associated with tumor resistance to therapy-such as the promoter methylation of suppressor genes, inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3b activity, and HDAC regulation-through methylation, thereby regulating the expression of genes involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/Keap1, MEK/ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. All of the data support the use of K. pinnata as an adjuvant in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Elena Hernández-Caballero
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Biomedicina, 13 sur 2702 Col. Volcanes, Puebla C.P. 72410, Mexico
- Correspondence: or
| | - José Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Villalobos-Valencia
- UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Cd México C.P. 06725, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Seseña-Méndez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Biomedicina, 13 sur 2702 Col. Volcanes, Puebla C.P. 72410, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
García-Pérez P, Lozano-Milo E, Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Landin M, Lucini L, Gallego PP. Neurofuzzy logic predicts a fine-tuning metabolic reprogramming on elicited Bryophyllum PCSCs guided by salicylic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991557. [PMID: 36212372 PMCID: PMC9541431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel approaches to the characterization of medicinal plants as biofactories have lately increased in the field of biotechnology. In this work, a multifaceted approach based on plant tissue culture, metabolomics, and machine learning was applied to decipher and further characterize the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds by eliciting cell suspension cultures from medicinal plants belonging to the Bryophyllum subgenus. The application of untargeted metabolomics provided a total of 460 phenolic compounds. The biosynthesis of 164 of them was significantly modulated by elicitation. The application of neurofuzzy logic as a machine learning tool allowed for deciphering the critical factors involved in the response to elicitation, predicting their influence and interactions on plant cell growth and the biosynthesis of several polyphenols subfamilies. The results indicate that salicylic acid plays a definitive genotype-dependent role in the elicitation of Bryophyllum cell cultures, while methyl jasmonate was revealed as a secondary factor. The knowledge provided by this approach opens a wide perspective on the research of medicinal plants and facilitates their biotechnological exploitation as biofactories in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Agrobiotech for Health, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Sustainable Food Process Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Agrobiotech for Health, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Cluster de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria del Campus da Auga (CITACA), University of Vigo, Orense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Sustainable Food Process Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Sustainable Food Process Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariana Landin
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Instituto de Materiales de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Agrobiotech for Health, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Agrobiotech for Health, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Cluster de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria del Campus da Auga (CITACA), University of Vigo, Orense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan YF, Zhu WX, Liu T, He JQ, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhang X, Yang J. Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:311-319. [PMID: 32319534 PMCID: PMC7255449 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-epithelial interaction serves a pivotal role in normal prostate growth, as well as the onset of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The present study aimed to explore the role of cyclopamine in the proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial and stromal cells in rats with BPH by blocking the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cyclopamine (an inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway) was administered in a rat model of BPH, and the expression of Ki67 (proliferation factor) was determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, epithelial and stromal cells were separated and cultured in order to investigate the role of cyclopamine in the progression of BPH. The expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway- and apoptosis-related genes, including basic fibroblastic growth factor (b-FGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry. We identified upregulated Ki67 expression and activated Hedgehog signaling pathway in rats with BPH. Cyclopamine inhibited the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In response to cyclopamine treatment, epithelial and stromal cell proliferation was inhibited; this was concomitant with decreased Ki67, TGF-β, and b-FGF expression. On the other hand, epithelial cell apoptosis was enhanced, which was associated with increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression. Based on these findings, we proposed that cyclopamine may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of BPH. Cyclopamine could inhibit epithelial and stromal cell proliferation, and induce epithelial cell apoptosis by suppressing the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Yuan
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Qiao He
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|