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Galvão LTO, Vargas JAC, Mezzomo R, Oliveira LRS, Dos Santos PM, Maciel RP, Soares EA, Farias MLC, Caldas CS, Faciola AP, Alves KS. Effects of supplementing cassava root silage to grazing dairy cows on nutrient utilization, milk production and composition in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:120. [PMID: 38607525 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of supplementing cassava root silage (CRS) to dairy cows grazing on Megathyrsus maximus cv Mombasa on nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on milk production and composition. Ten primiparous Girolando cows with average body weight ± (SEM) of 373.45 ± (63.55) kg were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square. Animals were subjected to five treatments: (I) grazing cows without supplementation (WCS); (II) grazing cows provided with 5 kg DM of supplement without CRS (0 g/kg DM of CRS) or including (III) 260, (IV) 520, and (V) 780 g/kg DM of CRS. Statistical analyses were performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with significance at P < 0.05. Intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract decreased (P < 0.01), while intake of non-fiber carbohydrates increased (P < 0.01), with increased CRS in the diets. Total DM intake and digestibility of DM, and digestibility of nutritional components were lower (P < 0.03) in WCS animals compared to supplemented animals, except for intake and digestibility of NDF, which was the opposite. Milk yield (MY) and fat corrected milk (FCM), as well as all milk components were unaffected (P > 0.05) by CRS inclusion. In contrast, MY, FCM, protein, lactose, casein, and non-fat milk solids (NFMS) were greater for animals that received supplementation (P < 0.05), compared to animals WCS. Milk fat and total dry extract (TMS) did not differ (P > 0.11) between two groups. In conclusion, CRS may be a potential corn meal replacer in the supplement of dairy cows under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Mezzomo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Perlon Maia Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Raylon Pereira Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Emilly Araújo Soares
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Costa Farias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Siqueira Caldas
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Kaliandra Souza Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil.
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Molina-Botero IC, Gaviria-Uribe X, Rios-Betancur JP, Medina-Campuzano M, Toro-Trujillo M, González-Quintero R, Ospina B, Arango J. Methane Emission, Carbon Footprint and Productivity of Specialized Dairy Cows Supplemented with Bitter Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 38200749 PMCID: PMC10778060 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) emissions, carbon footprint, and production parameters in dairy cows. Daily concentrate supply for Jersey and Jersey * Holstein breeds was evaluated in four treatments (T): T1: 100% commercial concentrate; T2: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava leaves; T3: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava roots; and T4: 70% concentrate + 15% cassava leaves + 15% cassava root chips. Measurements of CH4 emissions were performed using the polytunnel technique. Average daily dry matter intake ranged from 7.8 to 8.5 kg dry matter (DM). Cassava leaves were characterized by a high crude protein (CP) content (171 g CP/kg DM), with 5 times more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than cassava root (587 vs. 108 g NDF/kg DM). Average enteric CH4 emissions per animal ranged from 194 to 234 g/d (p > 0.05). The carbon footprint was reduced by replacing 30% of the concentrate with cassava leaves and/or roots. Energy-corrected milk production was 1.15 times higher in Jersey * Holstein animals than Jersey cows (47 vs. 55 kg). Therefore, supplementation with cassava leaves and/or roots is a nutritionally and environmentally sustainable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Xiomara Gaviria-Uribe
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Juan Pablo Rios-Betancur
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Manuela Medina-Campuzano
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Mercedes Toro-Trujillo
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Ricardo González-Quintero
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Bernardo Ospina
- Corporacion Clayuca, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia;
| | - Jacobo Arango
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
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Pertiwi H, Rochmy SE, Chwen LT. Detrimental Effect of Tannin on Growth Performance, Visceras Weight and Blood Biochemistry in Broiler Chickens Reared Under Tropical Area. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1269-1275. [PMID: 38226375 PMCID: PMC10787937 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.4.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Restriction of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in Indonesia reduces broiler production due to bacterial diseases. Some poultry farmers have attempted to replace AGP with phytogenic compounds, such as tannin as an in-feed additive. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of tannin administration on the production performance, viscera weight, and lipoprotein levels of tropically-raised broiler chickens. Cobb Strain broiler chicks aged one day were used in an experiment with a completely random design, three treatments, and four replicate pens, each containing nine birds. Three dietary treatments were assigned to the birds: basal diet (negative control), basal diet+0.03% Zn Bacitracyn (positive control), and basal diet+0.05% tannin for the starter phase of 1-21 days and the grower phase of 22-42 days, respectively. Tannin supplementation significantly increased the feed conversion ratio in all phases relative to the control group. Tannin supplementation in the diet significantly reduced daily feed intake during the grower phase, final body weight, carcass weight, intestine weight, liver weight, and total visceral weight, compared to the control group. Tannin had lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase but higher levels of low-density lipoprotein and alanine aminotransferase. Tannin addition in broiler diets might not improve growth performance and health. Therefore, it is not suggested as a substitute for AGPs in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pertiwi
- Veterinary Paramedic Division, Department of Health Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - S E Rochmy
- Veterinary Paramedic Division, Department of Health Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - L T Chwen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kusmartono, Retnaningrum S, Mashudi, Harper KJ, Poppi DP. Improving live weight gain of crossbred Limousin bulls with cassava peel silage. Animal 2022; 16:100524. [PMID: 35468511 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for beef products across developing countries. Formulating rations to include locally available waste products has the potential to increase the live weight gain (LWG) of cattle and improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers; however, upper limit inclusion levels of cassava peel products require investigation. An experiment evaluated the effect of using cassava peel silage (CPS) at the DM inclusion levels of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% (with the remainder protein meals and maize stover in the diet) on the LWG of crossbred Limousin × Ongole bulls (269 ± 48.8 kg). Thirty bulls, approximately two years of age, were allocated in a completely randomised block design with six blocks based on initial live weight (LW) and five treatments based on level of CPS. The combination of CPS (with 2% urea of the CPS) and protein meals significantly affected LWG with the highest values obtained at levels of 30 and 50% inclusion of CPS (1.16-1.35 kg/day) (P < 0.05). Polynomial analysis of LWG data revealed the optimal LWG is theoretically achieved at 37% CPS with a LWG of 1.31 kg/day; however, LWG was similar from 30 to 50% inclusion levels and then declined. There was little significant difference at CPS inclusion levels of 30-60%, for DM intake (DMI) which ranged from 2.3 to 2.6% LW, organic matter (OM) digestibility (77.8-81.6%), feed conversion ratio (FCR) (6.56-7.56 kg DM/kg LWG) and feed cost of gain (Indonesia rupiah (IDR)/kg LW 18 612 - 21 398). At a high (70%) level of CPS inclusion, these values were markedly changed when compared to the 30% inclusion level of CPS. Feed treatments did not affect rumen pH, NH3-N, concentration or molar percentage of volatile fatty acids or protozoal population (P < 0.05). Rumen pH measured three hours after morning feed ranged from 6.7 to 6.8 and NH3-N ranged from 14.1 to 19.3 mg NH3-N/dl. It was concluded that inclusion of CPS up to 60% mixed with protein meals and urea and 20% maize stover maximised LWG and profitability of the production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusmartono
- Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - S Retnaningrum
- Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mashudi
- Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - K J Harper
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - D P Poppi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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