1
|
Edwards M, Freitas DP, Hirtzel EA, White N, Wang H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Sun Y, Yan X. Interfacial Electromigration for Analysis of Biofluid Lipids in Small Volumes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18557-18563. [PMID: 38050376 PMCID: PMC10862378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biomarkers within the field of disease diagnostics and can serve as indicators of disease progression and predictors of treatment effectiveness. Although lipids can provide important insight into how diseases initiate and progress, mass spectrometric methods for lipid characterization and profiling are limited due to lipid structural diversity, particularly the presence of various lipid isomers. Moreover, the difficulty of handling small-volume samples exacerbates the intricacies of biological analyses. In this work, we have developed a strategy that electromigrates a thin film of a small-volume biological sample directly to the air-liquid interface formed at the tip of a theta capillary. Importantly, we seamlessly integrated in situ biological lipid extraction with accelerated chemical derivatization, enabled by the air-liquid interface, and conducted isomeric structural characterization within a unified platform utilizing theta capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, all tailored for small-volume sample analysis. We applied this unified platform to the analysis of lipids from small-volume human plasma and Alzheimer's disease mouse serum samples. Accelerated electro-epoxidation of unsaturated lipids at the interface allowed us to characterize lipid double-bond positional isomers. The unique application of electromigration of a thin film to the air-liquid interface in combination with accelerated interfacial reactions holds great potential in small-volume sample analysis for disease diagnosis and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison
E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas P. Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin A. Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicholas White
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gianazza E, Macchi C, Banfi C, Ruscica M. Proteomics and Lipidomics to unveil the contribution of PCSK9 beyond cholesterol lowering: a narrative review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1191303. [PMID: 37378405 PMCID: PMC10291627 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1191303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), one of the key regulators of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), can play a direct role in atheroma development. Although advances in the understandings of genetic PCSK9 polymorphisms have enabled to reveal the role of PCSK9 in the complex pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), increasing lines of evidence support non-cholesterol-related processes mediated by PCSK9. Owing to major improvements in mass spectrometry-based technologies, multimarker proteomic and lipidomic panels hold the promise to identify novel lipids and proteins potentially related to PCSK9. Within this context, this narrative review aims to provide an overview of the most significant proteomics and lipidomics studies related to PCSK9 effects beyond cholesterol lowering. These approaches have enabled to unveil non-common targets of PCSK9, potentially leading to the development of novel statistical models for CVD risk prediction. Finally, in the era of precision medicine, we have reported the impact of PCSK9 on extracellular vesicles (EVs) composition, an effect that could contribute to an increased prothrombotic status in CVD patients. The possibility to modulate EVs release and cargo could help counteract the development and progression of the atherosclerotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caterino M, Fedele R, Carnovale V, Castaldo A, Gelzo M, Iacotucci P, Ruoppolo M, Castaldo G. Lipidomic alterations in human saliva from cystic fibrosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:600. [PMID: 36635275 PMCID: PMC9837121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by impaired traffic of chloride ions and water through membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal, that causes inadequate hydration of airway surfaces, dehydrated mucous secretions and a high-sodium chloride sweat. Although the classical presentation of the condition is well known, a better characterization of metabolic alterations related is need. In particular, the metabolic composition alterations of biological fluids may be influence by the disease state and could be captured as putative signature to set targeted therapeutic strategies. A targeted comprehensive mass spectrometry-based platform was employed to dissect the lipid content of saliva samples form CF patients, in order to investigate alterations in the lipid metabolic homeostasis related to the pathology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection, pancreatic insufficiency, liver disfunction and diabetes-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Caterino
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy ,grid.511947.f0000 0004 1758 0953CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Fedele
- grid.511947.f0000 0004 1758 0953CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carnovale
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy ,grid.511947.f0000 0004 1758 0953CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Iacotucci
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, 80145, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy ,grid.511947.f0000 0004 1758 0953CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou M, Li C, Han X, Yu B, Yan XZ, Zhang Y, Yang XJ. Lipidomic analysis reveals altered lipid profiles of gingival tissues with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1192-1202. [PMID: 35924763 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of lipids in periodontitis has not been well studied. Thus, this study aimed to explore periodontitis-associated lipid profile changes and identify differentially expressed lipid metabolites in gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissues from 38 patients with periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 38 periodontally healthy individuals (control group) were collected. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based non-targeted metabolomics platform was used to identify and compare the lipid profiles of the two groups. The distribution and expression of related proteins were subsequently analyzed via immunohistochemistry to further validate the identified lipids. RESULTS Lipid profiles significantly differed between the two groups, and 20 differentially expressed lipid species were identified. Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), diacylglycerols (DGs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) were significantly upregulated, while triacylglycerols (TGs) were downregulated in the periodontitis group. Moreover, the staining intensity of ABHD5/CGI-58, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and sPLA2-IIA was significantly stronger in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis than in those of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS LysoPCs, DGs, and PEs were significantly upregulated, whereas TGs were downregulated in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. Correspondingly, the immunohistochemical staining of ABHD5/CGI-58, sPLA2, and sPLA2-IIA in gingival tissues was consistent with the downstream production of lipid classes (lysoPCs, TGs, and DGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Han
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Yu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Yan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pisarska A, Wąsowicz W, Gromadzińska J. Lipidomic profiles as a tool to search for new biomarkers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:111-126. [PMID: 35072665 PMCID: PMC10464741 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics belongs to the family of the so-called omics domains, which, based on modern chemical technologies, strive to explain the biological principles of the organism's functioning. Main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, the formation of cell membranes, and participation in the transmission of biological signals, and their dysregulation is responsible for the development of pathological states. Thanks to lipid profiling, potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis can be identified. This paper discusses selected examples of the use of lipidomic tests in the diagnosis of the kidney, metabolic and neoplastic diseases based on research papers published over the last few years (since 2016). Only works based on the study of human biological material by mass spectrometry methods were taken into account. The examples of lipidomics application presented in this publication are only a few of the possibilities of this technique. As potential possibilities have already been discovered, the next step for the research community is to work on standardization of the approach to lipidomic research and to develop bioinformatics methods that allow efficient processing and analysis of large amounts of data generated in this technique. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(2):111-26.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisarska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gromadzińska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lippa KA, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Beger RD, Bowden JA, Broeckling C, Beecher C, Clay Davis W, Dunn WB, Flores R, Goodacre R, Gouveia GJ, Harms AC, Hartung T, Jones CM, Lewis MR, Ntai I, Percy AJ, Raftery D, Schock TB, Sun J, Theodoridis G, Tayyari F, Torta F, Ulmer CZ, Wilson I, Ubhi BK. Reference materials for MS-based untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics: a review by the metabolomics quality assurance and quality control consortium (mQACC). Metabolomics 2022; 18:24. [PMID: 35397018 PMCID: PMC8994740 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolomics quality assurance and quality control consortium (mQACC) is enabling the identification, development, prioritization, and promotion of suitable reference materials (RMs) to be used in quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) for untargeted metabolomics research. OBJECTIVES This review aims to highlight current RMs, and methodologies used within untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics communities to ensure standardization of results obtained from data analysis, interpretation and cross-study, and cross-laboratory comparisons. The essence of the aims is also applicable to other 'omics areas that generate high dimensional data. RESULTS The potential for game-changing biochemical discoveries through mass spectrometry-based (MS) untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics are predicated on the evolution of more confident qualitative (and eventually quantitative) results from research laboratories. RMs are thus critical QC tools to be able to assure standardization, comparability, repeatability and reproducibility for untargeted data analysis, interpretation, to compare data within and across studies and across multiple laboratories. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) that promote, describe and exemplify the use of RMs will also improve QC for the metabolomics and lipidomics communities. CONCLUSIONS The application of RMs described in this review may significantly improve data quality to support metabolomics and lipidomics research. The continued development and deployment of new RMs, together with interlaboratory studies and educational outreach and training, will further promote sound QA practices in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrice A Lippa
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Building B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Corey Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | | | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15, 2TT, UK
| | - Roberto Flores
- Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of Nutrition Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gonçalo J Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Amy C Harms
- Biomedical Metabolomics Facility Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christina M Jones
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntai
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, 95134, USA
| | - Andrew J Percy
- Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, MA, 01876, USA
| | - Dan Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tracey B Schock
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | - Fariba Tayyari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Federico Torta
- Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Ian Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Baljit K Ubhi
- MOBILion Systems Inc., 4 Hillman Drive Suite 130, Chadds Ford, PA, 19317, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee GB, Caner A, Moon MH. Optimisation of saliva volumes for lipidomic analysis by nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339318. [PMID: 35058012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a readily accessible and clinically useful biofluid that can be used to develop disease biomarkers because of a variety of biologically active molecules in it that are also found in blood. However, even though saliva sampling is simple and non-invasive, few studies have investigated the use of salivary lipids as biomarkers, and the extraction of lipids from saliva needs to be examined thoroughly. In the present study, methods (i.e., saliva sample volume, 0.1-1.0 mL) for the extraction and analysis of salivary lipids by nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) were evaluated according to the matrix effect, extraction recovery, and number of quantifiable lipids. A total of 780 lipids were identified in a pooled saliva sample from 20 healthy volunteers, and 372 lipids without differentiating acyl chain structures were quantified, along with comprehensive information on salivary lipid composition and individual lipid levels. Even though extraction recovery was maintained at saliva sample volumes as low as 0.2 mL, the matrix effect and limit of detection (LOD) were relatively large with 1.0 mL. Considering the matrix effect, LOD, and number of quantifiable lipids (>limit of quantitation), the minimum volume of saliva sufficient for lipidomic analysis using nUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS was determined to be 0.5 mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ayse Caner
- Cancer Research Center, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Parasitology, Ege University Medical Faculty, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maruyama Y, Nishimoto Y, Umezawa K, Kawamata R, Ichiba Y, Tsutsumi K, Kimura M, Murakami S, Kakizawa Y, Kumagai T, Yamada T, Fukuda S. Comparison of oral metabolome profiles of stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva, and mouth-rinsed water. Sci Rep 2022; 12:689. [PMID: 35027617 PMCID: PMC8758762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva includes a substantial amount of biological information, which has enabled us to understand the relationship between oral metabolites and various oral and systemic disorders. However, collecting saliva using a controlled protocol is time-consuming, making saliva an unsuitable analyte in large cohort studies. Mouth-rinsed water (MW), the water used to rinse the mouth, can be collected easily in less time with less difference between subjects than saliva and could be used as an alternative in oral metabolome analyses. In this study, we investigated the potential of MW collection as an efficient alternative to saliva sample collection for oral metabolome profiling. MW, stimulated saliva, and unstimulated saliva were collected from 10 systemically healthy participants. The samples were subjected to metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the types and amounts of metabolites in the samples were compared. Qualitatively, MW contained the same metabolites as unstimulated and stimulated saliva. While the quantity of the metabolites did not drastically change between the sampling methods, all three reflected individual differences, and the features of MW were the same as those of the unstimulated saliva. Overall, these results suggest that MW may be an appropriate alternative to saliva in oral metabolome profile analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruyama
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishimoto
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kouta Umezawa
- Hiyoshi Oral Health Clinics, 2-1-16 Hiyoshi-cho, Sakata, Yamagata, 998-0037, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawamata
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuko Ichiba
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumi
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kimura
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Murakami
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kakizawa
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Hiyoshi Oral Health Clinics, 2-1-16 Hiyoshi-cho, Sakata, Yamagata, 998-0037, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan. .,Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan. .,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plasma Lipid Profiling Contributes to Untangle the Complexity of Moyamoya Arteriopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413410. [PMID: 34948203 PMCID: PMC8708587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya arteriopathy (MA) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes. The pathophysiology is unknown. A deregulation of vasculogenic/angiogenic/inflammatory pathways has been hypothesized as a possible pathophysiological mechanism. Since lipids are implicated in modulating neo-vascularization/angiogenesis and inflammation, their deregulation is potentially involved in MA. Our aim is to evaluate angiogenic/vasculogenic/inflammatory proteins and lipid profile in plasma of MA patients and control subjects (healthy donors HD or subjects with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease ACVD). Angiogenic and inflammatory protein levels were measured by ELISA and a complete lipidomic analysis was performed on plasma by mass spectrometry. ELISA showed a significant decrease for MMP-9 released in plasma of MA. The untargeted lipidomic analysis showed a cumulative depletion of lipid asset in plasma of MA as compared to HD. Specifically, a decrease in membrane complex glycosphingolipids peripherally circulating in MA plasma with respect to HD was observed, likely suggestive of cerebral cellular recruitment. The quantitative targeted approach demonstrated an increase in free sphingoid bases, likely associated with a deregulated angiogenesis. Our findings indicate that lipid signature could play a central role in MA and that a detailed biomarker profile may contribute to untangle the complex, and still obscure, pathogenesis of MA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gawor JP, Wilczak J, Svensson UK, Jank M. Influence of Dietary Supplementation With a Powder Containing A.N. ProDen™ ( Ascophyllum Nodosum) Algae on Dog Saliva Metabolome. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681951. [PMID: 34239914 PMCID: PMC8258245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study (designed according to evidence-based medicine standards) was to determine the effect of 30-day administration of powdered brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum (ProDen PlaqueOff, SwedenCare AB, Sweden), on saliva metabolomes in dogs. Sixty client-owned dogs underwent professional dental cleaning and were randomly subdivided into two groups receiving daily powdered brown algae A. nodosum, or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose in powder), adjusted to their bodyweight. After a comprehensive oral health assessment and professional dental cleaning, which were both performed under general anesthesia, clinical assessments for gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were conducted. Saliva samples were collected at Day 0 and Day 30 of supplementation. Whole saliva is a mixed fluid that is derived predominantly from the major salivary glands but it also contains numerous other constituents. Additionally, its composition varies on whether salivary secretion is basal or stimulated. Authors put efforts to avoid contamination of saliva by other constituents and character of saliva was basal. Quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to conduct analysis of the saliva samples. Metabolomic analyses identified clear changes after 30 days of supplementation, and the direction of these changes was completely different than in dogs that received a placebo treatment during the same period. The positive clinical effect of 30 days of A. nodosum supplementation on oral health status in dogs described in previous publication combined with the absence of some metabolites in the saliva of dogs on day 30 of supplementation suggest that brown algae inhibit or turn off some pathways that could enhance plaque or calculus development. The exact mechanism of A. nodosum is still unclear and warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Jank
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anagbogu CF, Zhou J, Olasupo FO, Baba Nitsa M, Beckles DM. Lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of Coffea canephora L. beans cultivated in Southwestern Nigeria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0234758. [PMID: 33596203 PMCID: PMC7888636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most popular refreshing beverages globally. Coffee lipid diversity has untapped potential for improving coffee marketability because lipids contribute significantly to both the health benefits and cup quality of coffee. However, in spite of its potential importance, there have not been extensive studies of lipids among C. canephora genotypes. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) profiling of lipid molecules was performed for 30 genotypes consisting of 15 cultivated and 15 conserved genotypes of C. canephora in Southwestern Nigeria. We identified nine classes of lipids in the 30 genotypes which belong to the 'Niaouli', 'Kouillou' and 'Java Robusta' group: among these, the most abundant lipid class was the triacylglycerols, followed by the fatty acyls group. Although 'Niaouli' diverged from the 'Kouillou' and 'Java Robusta' genotypes when their lipid profiles were compared, there was greater similarity in their lipid composition by multivariate analysis, compared to that observed when their primary metabolites and especially their secondary metabolite profiles were examined. However, distinctions could be made among genotypes. Members of the fatty acyls group had the greatest power to discriminate among genotypes, however, lipids that were low in abundance e.g. a cholesterol ester (20:3), and phosphotidylethanolamine (34:0) were also helpful to understand the relationships among C. canephora genotypes. The divergent lipid profiles identified among the C. canephora genotypes, correlated with their Single Nucleotide Polymorphism grouping as assessed by genotype-by-sequencing, and will be exploited to improve coffee cup quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere F. Anagbogu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Crop Improvement Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (CFA); (DMB)
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Festus O. Olasupo
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Crop Improvement Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Baba Nitsa
- Crop Improvement Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CFA); (DMB)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarkar A, Kuehl MN, Alman AC, Burkhardt BR. Linking the oral microbiome and salivary cytokine abundance to circadian oscillations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2658. [PMID: 33514800 PMCID: PMC7846843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva has immense potential as a diagnostic fluid for identification and monitoring of several systemic diseases. Composition of the microbiome and inflammation has been associated and reflective of oral and overall health. In addition, the relative ease of collection of saliva further strengthens large-scale diagnostic purposes. However, the future clinical utility of saliva cannot be fully determined without a detailed examination of daily fluctuations that may occur within the oral microbiome and inflammation due to circadian rhythm. In this study, we explored the association between the salivary microbiome and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the saliva of 12 healthy adults over a period of 24 h by studying the 16S rRNA gene followed by negative binomial mixed model regression analysis. To determine the periodicity and oscillation patterns of both the oral microbiome and inflammation (represented by the cytokine levels), two of the twelve subjects were studied for three consecutive days. Our results indicate that the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to Prevotella, SR1 and Ruminococcaceae are significantly associated to IL-1β while Prevotella and Granulicatella were associated with IL-8. Our findings have also revealed a periodicity of both the oral microbiome (OTUs) and inflammation (cytokine levels) with identifiable patterns between IL-1β and Prevotella, and IL-6 with Prevotella, Neisseria and Porphyromonas. We believe that this study represents the first measure and demonstration of simultaneous periodic fluctuations of cytokine levels and specific populations of the oral microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anujit Sarkar
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Melanie N Kuehl
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- IPS Labs, 1 Harvard Way, Hillsborough Township, NJ, 08844, USA.
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y. Applications of Lipidomics in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:25-39. [PMID: 33740241 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have many critical biological functions in cancer. There are characteristic changes of lipid metabolism and metabolites in different physiological and pathological processes. Lipidomics is an emerging discipline of metabolomics for systematic analysis of lipids in organisms, tissues, or cells and the molecules that interact with them. With the development of new analytical techniques, especially the application and development of mass spectrometry techniques, the determination of lipids can be carried out quickly and accurately and has a high throughput. A large number of studies have shown that abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The application of lipidomics technology can reveal changes in lipids and relative abnormal metabolic pathways associated with tumors. Moreover, it shows a wide range of application prospects in the identification of tumor lipid biomarkers, early tumor diagnosis, and the discovery of antitumor drug targets. This chapter mainly introduces the application and development direction of lipidomics in the diagnosis and therapy of different tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pla R, Pujos-Guillot E, Durand S, Brandolini-Bunlon M, Centeno D, Pyne DB, Toussaint JF, Hellard P. Non-targeted metabolomics analyses by mass spectrometry to explore metabolic stress after six training weeks in high level swimmers. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:969-978. [PMID: 33320058 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1851933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the metabolic responses of high-level national swimmers to threshold or polarised training. 22 swimmers (n = 12 males and 10 females) participated in a 28-week cross-over intervention study consisting of 2 × 6 period weeks of training. Swimmers were assigned randomly to either training group for the first period: polarised (POL) (81% in energetic zone 1: blood lactate [La]b ≤ 2 mmol.L-1; 4% in zone 2: 2 mmol.L-1 <[La]b ≤ 4 mmol.L-1; 15% in zone 3: [La]b > 4 mmol.L-1) or threshold (THR) (65%/25%/10%). Before and after each training period, urine samples were collected for non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Mixed model analysis was performed on metabolomics data including fatigue class factors and/or training and/or interaction. Ion intensities of 6-keto-decanoylcarnitine (+31%), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (+81%), P-cresol sulphate (+18%) were higher in the threshold group (P < 0.05) indicating higher glycogenic depletion and inflammation without alteration of the neuroendocrine stress axis. 4-phenylbutanic acid sulphate was 200% higher in less fatigued swimmers (P < 0.01) linking the anti-inflammatory activity at the cell membrane level to the subjective perception of fatigue. This research suggests the importance of replenishing glycogen stores and reducing inflammation during high thresholds training loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pla
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Paris, France.,French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France.,Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bunlon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Centeno
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Paris, France.,EA 7329, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CIMS, Centre for Investigation in Sports Medicine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hellard
- French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France.,CREPS- Sport Resource and Expertise Center, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Jones CM, Lippa KA, Bowden JA. Nontargeted lipidomics of novel human plasma reference materials: hypertriglyceridemic, diabetic, and African-American. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7373-7380. [PMID: 32851459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unavailability of appropriate quality assurance/quality control materials in many lipidomics applications poses a significant challenge for lipidomics research. It is recommended that samples with certified values and/or consensus estimates, such as NIST SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, be implemented in routine analyses to enable community-wide comparisons of lipidomics results and analytical workflows. Herein, we applied a nontargeted lipidomics method for the analysis of a new human plasma reference material suite developed by NIST (hypertriglyceridemic, diabetic, and African-American plasma pools), in addition to SRM 1950. We identified specific lipidomics fingerprints associated with each sample type, including lauric acid-containing lipids and elevated triacylglycerol levels in hypertriglyceridemic plasma, palmitoleic acid-containing lipids in diabetic plasma, and oxidized fatty acid-containing phospholipids in African-American plasma. This work highlights the importance of developing and profiling application-specific reference materials, while establishing reference data that may be used for system suitability and/or quality control metrics.Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Christina M Jones
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Katrice A Lippa
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Kustrin E, Gegechkori V, Morton DW. Anxiolytic Terpenoids and Aromatherapy for Anxiety and Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:283-296. [PMID: 32304038 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In our society, anxiety and depression are serious health issues that affect a large proportion of the population. Unfortunately, drug therapies are not always effective and can lead to drug abuse, delay of therapeutic effect, dependence, and tolerance. Traditionally, aromatherapy has also been used for anxiety relief and mood improvement. The use of essential oils, in relieving anxiety and depression, does not have the disadvantages associated with currently used drug therapies. In-vivo studies on animal models have verified the anxiolytic effects of these essential oils and the interactions of their major components with central nervous system receptors. Therefore, it seems reasonable to argue that the modulation of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems are likely to be the critical mechanisms responsible for the sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant proprieties of linalool and essential oils containing linalool in significant proportions. Popular anxiolytic essential oils are generally rich in terpenoid alcohols like linalool, geraniol and citronellol, and the monoterpene limonene (or citral). Therefore, other essential oils or formulations that contain these terpenoids as major components may serve as important aromatherapeutics for relief of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
| | - E Kustrin
- Department of Creative Arts and English, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - V Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D W Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fatty acid metabolism in the progression and resolution of CNS disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:198-213. [PMID: 31987838 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in lipidomics and metabolomics have unveiled the complexity of fatty acid metabolism and the fatty acid lipidome in health and disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that imbalances in the metabolism and level of fatty acids drive the initiation and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we provide an in-depth overview on the impact of the β-oxidation, synthesis, desaturation, elongation, and peroxidation of fatty acids on the pathophysiology of these and other neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of individual fatty acids species, acquired through the diet or endogenously synthesized in mammals, on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and CNS repair. The findings discussed in this review highlight the therapeutic potential of modulators of fatty acid metabolism and the fatty acid lipidome in CNS disorders, and underscore the diagnostic value of lipidome signatures in these diseases.
Collapse
|