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Puchán Sánchez D, Josse P, Plassais N, Park G, Khan Y, Park Y, Seinfeld M, Guyard A, Allain M, Gohier F, Khrouz L, Lungerich D, Ahn HS, Walker B, Monnereau C, Cabanetos C, Le Bahers T. Driving Triplet State Population in Benzothioxanthene Imide Dyes: Let's twist! Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400191. [PMID: 38498874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the formation of photoexcited triplet states is critical for many (photo)chemical and physical applications. Here, we demonstrate that a permanent out-of-plane distortion of the benzothioxanthene imide (BTI) dye promotes intersystem crossing by increasing spin-orbit coupling. This manipulation was achieved through a subtle chemical modification, specifically the bay-area methylation. Consequently, this simple yet efficient approach expands the catalog of known molecular engineering strategies for synthesizing heavy atom-free, dual redox-active, yet still emissive and synthetically accessible photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Josse
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Nathan Plassais
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000, Angers, France
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, 02504, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Park
- Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 730-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 730-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mathilde Seinfeld
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 L, yon, France E-mail
| | - Antoine Guyard
- Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Gohier
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 L, yon, France E-mail
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), IBS Hall, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Ahn
- Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bright Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 730-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 L, yon, France E-mail
| | - Clément Cabanetos
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000, Angers, France
- 2BFUEL, IRL CNRS 2002, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 L, yon, France E-mail
- Institut Universitaire de France, 5 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
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Tzeliou CE, Tzeli D. Metallocene-Naphthalimide Derivatives: The Effect of Geometry, DFT Methodology, and Transition Metals on Absorption Spectra. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083565. [PMID: 37110799 PMCID: PMC10146125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, the photophysical properties of metallocene-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-piperazine molecules (1-M2+), as well as their oxidized and protonated derivatives (1-M3+, 1-M2+-H+, and 1-M3+-H+), where M = Fe, Co, and Ni, were studied via DFT and TD-DFT, employing three functionals, i.e., PBE0, TPSSh, and wB97XD. The effect of the substitution of the transition metal M on their oxidation state, and/or the protonation of the molecules, was investigated. The present calculated systems have not been investigated before and, except for the data regarding their photophysical properties, the present study provides important information regarding the effect of geometry and of DFT methodology on absorption spectra. It was found that small differences in geometry, specifically in the geometry of N atoms, reflect significant differences in absorption spectra. The common differences in spectra due to the use of different functionals can be significantly increased when the functionals predict minima even with small geometry differences. For most of the calculated molecules, the main absorption peaks in visible and near-UV areas correspond mainly to charge transfer excitations. The Fe complexes present larger oxidation energies at 5.4 eV, whereas Co and Ni complexes have smaller ones, at about 3.5 eV. There are many intense UV absorption peaks with excitation energies similar to their oxidation energies, showing that the emission from these excited states can be antagonistic to their oxidation. Regarding the use of functionals, the inclusion of dispersion corrections does not affect the geometry, and consequently the absorption spectra, of the present calculated molecular systems. For certain applications, where there is a need for a redox molecular system including metallocene, the oxidation energies could be lowered significantly, to about 40%, with the replacement of the iron with cobalt or nickel. Finally, the present molecular system, using cobalt as the transition metal, has the potential to be used as a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eleftheria Tzeliou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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