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Klimenko A, Nagibin V, Horlova A, Dobropolska Y, Bogovik R, Stroy D, Isaev D, Dosenko V. Downregulation of lncRNAs Gomafu, NONMMUT033604.2, and NONMMUT064397.2 in the hippocampus of mice with model of post-traumatic stress disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:283-290. [PMID: 38629762 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2342849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular mechanisms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development have been analysed by evaluati-ng changes in the expression level of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a potential biomarker of the disease and as one of the molecular aspects associated with the disease development. METHODS In our study, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to evaluate changes in the expression level of long non-coding RNA - Gomafu, NONMMUT033604.2, and NONMMUT064397.2 - in the hippocampus of mice that were subjected to an artificially induced middle single prolonged stress (mSPS) model of post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in the expression levels of each of the three lncRNAs tested: Gomafu in 45.4 times, NONMMUT033604.2 in 53.4 times, and NONMMUT064397.2 in 5.2 times. The results of the present study provide evidence that the mSPS model effectively induces PTSD-like behaviour in mice leading to a significant decrease in the expression level of Gomafu, NONMMUT033604.2 and NONMMUT064397.2 lncRNA in mice hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This data provides evidence that the three studied lncRNAs could be potential biomarkers of PTSD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Klimenko
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Nagibin
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Horlova
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yulia Dobropolska
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Bogovik
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Stroy
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Isaev
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Dosenko
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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2
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Cánepa ET, Berardino BG. Epigenetic mechanisms linking early-life adversities and mental health. Biochem J 2024; 481:615-642. [PMID: 38722301 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Early-life adversities, whether prenatal or postnatal exposure, have been linked to adverse mental health outcomes later in life increasing the risk of several psychiatric disorders. Research on its neurobiological consequences demonstrated an association between exposure to adversities and persistent alterations in the structure, function, and connectivity of the brain. Consistent evidence supports the idea that regulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms are involved in embedding the impact of early-life experiences in the genome and mediate between social environments and later behavioral phenotypes. In addition, studies from rodent models and humans suggest that these experiences and the acquired risk factors can be transmitted through epigenetic mechanisms to offspring and the following generations potentially contributing to a cycle of disease or disease risk. However, one of the important aspects of epigenetic mechanisms, unlike genetic sequences that are fixed and unchangeable, is that although the epigenetic markings are long-lasting, they are nevertheless potentially reversible. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the mental health consequences derived from early-life exposure to malnutrition, maltreatment and poverty, adversities with huge and pervasive impact on mental health. We also discuss the evidence about transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mammals and experimental data suggesting that suitable social and pharmacological interventions could reverse adverse epigenetic modifications induced by early-life negative social experiences. In this regard, these studies must be accompanied by efforts to determine the causes that promote these adversities and that result in health inequity in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Nasr-Esfahani A, Valipour Motlagh A, Adib M, Pashaei K, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of The Cell Division Cycle and Ribosomal Pathways in The Rat Varicocele: Implications for Drug Discovery. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:727-737. [PMID: 37865881 PMCID: PMC10591260 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2004771.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Varicocele is a common cause of male infertility, affecting a substantial proportion of infertile men. Recent studies have employed transcriptomic analysis to identify candidate genes that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. Accordingly, this study sought to leverage rat gene expression profiling, along with protein-protein interaction networks, to identify key regulatory genes, related pathways, and potentially effective drugs for the treatment of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in-silico study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the testicular tissue of 3 rats were screened using the edgeR package in R software and the results were compared to 3 rats in the control group. Data was obtained from GSE139447. Setting a -11 and P<0.05 as cutoff points for statistical significance, up and down-regulated genes were identified. Based on Cytoscape plugins, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were drawn, and hub genes were highlighted. ShinyGO was used for pathway enrichment. Finally, effective drugs were identified from the drug database. RESULTS Among the 1277 DEGs in this study, 677 genes were up-regulated while 600 genes were down-regulated in rats with varicocele compared to the control group. Using protein-protein interaction networks, we identified the top five up-regulated genes and the top five down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were associated with the cell division cycle pathway, while the down-regulated genes were linked to the ribosome pathway. Notably, our findings suggested that dexamethasone may be a promising therapeutic option for individuals with varicocele. CONCLUSION The current investigation indicates that in varicocele the cell division cycle pathway is up-regulated while the ribosome pathway is down-regulated compared to controls. Based on these findings, dexamethasone could be considered a future candidate drug for the treatment of individuals with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Valipour Motlagh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Minoo Adib
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kosar Pashaei
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sun Z, Wang B, Chen C, Li C, Zhang Y. 5-HT6R null mutatrion induces synaptic and cognitive defects. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13369. [PMID: 33960602 PMCID: PMC8208783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a promising target for a variety of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. However, the detailed mechanism underlying 5-HT6R activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully understood. In the present study, 5-HT6R null mutant (5-HT6R-/- ) mice were found to exhibit cognitive deficiencies and abnormal anxiety levels. 5-HT6R is considered to be specifically localized on the primary cilia. We found that the loss of 5-HT6R affected the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the primary cilia. 5-HT6R-/- mice showed remarkable alterations in neuronal morphology, including dendrite complexity and axon initial segment morphology. Neurons lacking 5-HT6R exhibited increased neuronal excitability. Our findings highlight the complexity of 5-HT6R functions in the primary ciliary and neuronal physiology, supporting the theory that this receptor modulates neuronal morphology and transmission, and contributes to cognitive deficits in a variety of human diseases, such as AD, schizophrenia, and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chenjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina,PKU/IDG McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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5
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Liao W, Liu Y, Huang H, Xie H, Gong W, Liu D, Tian F, Huang R, Yi F, Zhou J. Intersectional analysis of chronic mild stress-induced lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks in rat hippocampus reveals potential anti-depression/anxiety drug targets. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100347. [PMID: 34113696 PMCID: PMC8170419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite studies providing insight into the neurobiology of chronic stress, depression and anxiety, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanisms underlying the common and distinct pathophysiology of these stress-induced disorders remain nonconclusive. In a previous study, we used the chronic mild stress paradigm to separate depression-susceptible, anxiety-susceptible and insusceptible rat subpopulations. In the current study, lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was comparatively profiled in the hippocampus of the three stress groups using microarray technology. Groupwise comparisons identified distinct sets of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with the three different behavioral phenotypes of the stressed rats. To investigate the regulatory roles of the dysregulated lncRNAs upon mRNA expression, correlations between the differential lncRNAs and mRNAs were first analyzed by combined use of weighted gene coexpression network analysis and ceRNA theory-based methods. Subsequent functional analysis of strongly correlated mRNAs indicated that the dysregulated lncRNAs were involved in various biological pathways and processes to specifically induce rat susceptibility or resiliency to depression or anxiety. Further intersectional analysis of phenotype-associated and drug-associated lncRNA-mRNA networks and subnetworks assisted in identifying 16 hub lncRNAs as potential targets of anti-depression/anxiety drugs. Collectively, our study established the molecular basis for understanding the similarities and differences in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression or anxiety and stress resiliency, revealing several important lncRNAs that represent potentially new therapeutic drug targets for depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haojun Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Renji Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400062, China
| | - Weibo Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fenfang Tian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rongzhong Huang
- ChuangXu Institute of Life Science, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Faping Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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6
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Meldolesi J. Alternative Splicing by NOVA Factors: From Gene Expression to Cell Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113941. [PMID: 32486302 PMCID: PMC7312376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NOVA1 and NOVA2, the two members of the NOVA family of alternative splicing factors, bind YCAY clusters of pre-mRNAs and assemble spliceosomes to induce the maintenance/removal of introns and exons, thus governing the development of mRNAs. Members of other splicing families operate analogously. Activity of NOVAs accounts for up to 700 alternative splicing events per cell, taking place both in the nucleus (co-transcription of mRNAs) and in the cytoplasm. Brain neurons express high levels of NOVAs, with NOVA1 predominant in cerebellum and spinal cord, NOVA2 in the cortex. Among brain physiological processes NOVAs play critical roles in axon pathfinding and spreading, structure and function of synapses, as well as the regulation of surface receptors and voltage-gated channels. In pathology, NOVAs contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. In vessel endothelial cells, NOVA2 is essential for angiogenesis, while in adipocytes, NOVA1 contributes to regulation of thermogenesis and obesity. In many cancers NOVA1 and also NOVA2, by interacting with specific miRNAs and by additional mechanisms, activate oncogenic roles promoting cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, NOVAs regulate cell functions of physiological and pathological nature. Single cell identification and distinction, and new therapies addressed to NOVA targets might be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Meldolesi
- Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Institute and San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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7
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Kukharsky MS, Ninkina NN, An H, Telezhkin V, Wei W, Meritens CRD, Cooper-Knock J, Nakagawa S, Hirose T, Buchman VL, Shelkovnikova TA. Long non-coding RNA Neat1 regulates adaptive behavioural response to stress in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:171. [PMID: 32467583 PMCID: PMC7256041 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NEAT1 is a highly and ubiquitously expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which serves as an important regulator of cellular stress response. However, the physiological role of NEAT1 in the central nervous system (CNS) is still poorly understood. In the current study, we addressed this by characterising the CNS function of the Neat1 knockout mouse model (Neat1-/- mice), using a combination of behavioural phenotyping, electrophysiology and expression analysis. RNAscope® in situ hybridisation revealed that in wild-type mice, Neat1 is expressed across the CNS regions, with high expression in glial cells and low expression in neurons. Loss of Neat1 in mice results in an inadequate reaction to physiological stress manifested as hyperlocomotion and panic escape response. In addition, Neat1-/- mice display deficits in social interaction and rhythmic patterns of activity but retain normal motor function and memory. Neat1-/- mice do not present with neuronal loss, overt neuroinflammation or gross synaptic dysfunction in the brain. However, cultured Neat1-/- neurons are characterised by hyperexcitability and dysregulated calcium homoeostasis, and stress-induced neuronal activity is also augmented in Neat1-/- mice in vivo. Gene expression analysis showed that Neat1 may act as a weak positive regulator of multiple genes in the brain. Furthermore, loss of Neat1 affects alternative splicing of genes important for the CNS function and implicated in neurological diseases. Overall, our data suggest that Neat1 is involved in stress signalling in the brain and fine-tunes the CNS functions to enable adaptive behaviour in response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail S Kukharsky
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia N Ninkina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Haiyan An
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Vsevolod Telezhkin
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Vladimir L Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation.
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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8
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Kim Y, Noh YW, Kim K, Yang E, Kim H, Kim E. IRSp53 Deletion in Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons and in Male and Female Mice Leads to Distinct Electrophysiological and Behavioral Phenotypes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:23. [PMID: 32116566 PMCID: PMC7026675 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IRSp53 (also known as BAIAP2) is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). IRSp53 is expressed in different cell types across different brain regions, although it remains unclear how IRSp53 deletion in different cell types affects brain functions and behaviors in mice. Here, we deleted IRSp53 in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mice and compared resulting phenotypes in males and females. IRSp53 deletion in excitatory neurons driven by Emx1 leads to strong social deficits and hyperactivity without affecting anxiety-like behavior, whereas IRSp53 deletion in inhibitory neurons driven by Viaat has minimal impacts on these behaviors in male mice. In female mice, excitatory neuronal IRSp53 deletion induces hyperactivity but moderate social deficits. Excitatory neuronal IRSp53 deletion in male mice induces an increased ratio of evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission (E/I ratio) in layer V pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas the same mutation does not alter the E/I ratio in female neurons. These results suggest that IRSp53 deletion in excitatory and inhibitory neurons and in male and female mice has distinct impacts on behaviors and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsik Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
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9
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MicroRNA mediators of early life stress vulnerability to depression and suicidal behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:308-320. [PMID: 31740756 PMCID: PMC6974433 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood environment can have a profound impact on brain structure and function. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play a critical role in adaptive and maladaptive processes by regulating gene expression without changing the genome. Over the past few years, early life stress (ELS) has been established as a major risk factor for major depression and suicidal behavior along with other psychiatric illnesses in adulthood. In recent years, the emergence of small noncoding RNAs as a mega controller of gene expression has gained attention for their role in various disease processes. Among various noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied and well characterized and have emerged as a major regulator of neural plasticity and higher brain functioning. More recently, although limited in number, studies are focusing on how miRNAs can play a role in the maladaptive processes associated with ELS both at adolescent and adult age and whether these processes are critical in developing depression and suicidal behavior. In this review, we critically evaluate how postnatal ELS relates to abnormalities in miRNA expression and functions from both animal and human literature and draw connections from these findings to depression and suicidal behavior later in life.
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10
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Yoo T, Cho H, Park H, Lee J, Kim E. Shank3 Exons 14-16 Deletion in Glutamatergic Neurons Leads to Social and Repetitive Behavioral Deficits Associated With Increased Cortical Layer 2/3 Neuronal Excitability. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:458. [PMID: 31649512 PMCID: PMC6795689 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank3, an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein, has been associated with multiple brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). However, how cell type-specific Shank3 deletion affects disease-related neuronal and brain functions remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the impacts of Shank3 deletion in glutamatergic neurons on synaptic and behavioral phenotypes in mice and compared results with those previously obtained from mice with global Shank3 mutation and GABAergic neuron-specific Shank3 mutation. Neuronal excitability was abnormally increased in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice with a glutamatergic Shank3 deletion, similar to results obtained in mice with a global Shank3 deletion. In addition, excitatory synaptic transmission was abnormally increased in layer 2/3 neurons in mice with a global, but not a glutamatergic, Shank3 deletion, suggesting that Shank3 in glutamatergic neurons are important for the increased neuronal excitability, but not for the increased excitatory synaptic transmission. Neither excitatory nor inhibitory synaptic transmission was altered in the dorsal striatum of Shank3-deficient glutamatergic neurons, a finding that contrasts with the decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in global and Shank3-deficient GABAergic neurons. Behaviorally, glutamatergic Shank3-deficient mice displayed abnormally increased direct social interaction and repetitive self-grooming, similar to global and GABAergic Shank3-deficient mice. These results suggest that glutamatergic and GABAergic Shank3 deletions lead to distinct synaptic and neuronal changes in cortical layer 2/3 and dorsal striatal neurons, but cause similar social and repetitive behavioral abnormalities likely through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Heejin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haram Park
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiseok Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
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