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Tang L, Zhang YY, Liu WJ, Fu Q, Zhao J, Liu YB. DNA methylation of promoter region inhibits galectin-1 expression in BMSCs of aged mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C429-C441. [PMID: 38105757 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis increases fracture risks. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are sensitive to aging. Deep insights into BMSCs aging are vital to elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-related bone loss. Recent advances showed that osteoporosis is associated with aberrant DNA methylation of many susceptible genes. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been proposed as a mediator of BMSCs functions. In our previous study, we showed that Gal-1 was downregulated in aged BMSCs and global deletion of Gal-1 in mice caused bone loss via impaired osteogenesis potential of BMSCs. Gal-1 promoter is featured by CpG islands. However, there are no reports concerning the DNA methylation status in Gal-1 promoter during osteoporosis. In the current study, we sought to investigate the role of DNA methylation in Gal-1 downregulation in aged BMSCs. The potential for anti-bone loss therapy based on modulating DNA methylation is explored. Our results showed that Dnmt3b-mediated Gal-1 promoter DNA hypermethylation plays an important role in Gal-1 downregulation in aged BMSCs, which inhibited β-catenin binding on Gal-1 promoter. Bone loss of aged mice was alleviated in response to in vivo deletion of Dnmt3b from BMSCs. Finally, when bone marrow of young wild-type (WT) mice or young Dnmt3bPrx1-Cre mice was transplanted into aged WT mice, Gal-1 level in serum and trabecular bone mass were elevated in recipient aged WT mice. Our study will benefit for deeper insights into the regulation mechanisms of Gal-1 expression in BMSCs during osteoporosis development, and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis via modulating DNA methylation status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is Dnmt3b-mediated DNA methylation in Gal-1 promoter in aged bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC). DNA methylation causes Gal-1 downregulation and osteogenesis attenuation of aged BMSC. DNA methylation blocks β-catenin binding on Gal-1 promoter. Bone loss of aged mice is alleviated by in vivo deletion of Dnmt3b from BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu Z, Lu T, Ma L, Zhang Y, Li D. DNA demethylation of promoter region orchestrates SPI-1-induced ADAMTS-5 expression in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis mice. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31170. [PMID: 38149721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases in aged people and characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and abnormal bone remodeling. Recent advances in OA research have clearly shown that OA development is associated with aberrant DNA methylation status of many OA-related genes. As one of most important cartilage degrading proteases in OA, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs subtype 5 (ADAMTS-5) is activated to mediate cartilage degradation in human OA and experimental murine OA models. The pathological factors and signaling pathways mediating ADAMTS-5 activation during OA development are not well defined and have been a focus of intense research. ADAMTS-5 promoter is featured by CpG islands. So far there have been no reports concerning the DNA methylation status in ADAMTS-5 promoter during OA development. In this study, we sought to investigate DNA methylation status in ADAMTS-5 promoter, the role of DNA methylation in ADAMTS-5 activation in OA, and the underlying mechanisms. The potential for anti-OA intervention therapy which is based on modulating DNA methylation is also explored. Our results showed that DNA methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) downregulation-associated ADAMTS-5 promoter demethylation played an important role in ADAMTS-5 activation in OA, which facilitated SPI-1 binding on ADAMTS-5 promoter to activate ADAMTS-5 expression. More importantly, OA pathological phenotype of mice was alleviated in response to Dnmt1-induced DNA methylation of ADAMTS-5 promoter. Our study will benefit not only for deeper insights into the functional role and regulation mechanisms of ADAMTS-5 in OA, but also for the discovery of disease-modifying OA drugs on the basis of ADAMTS-5 via modulating DNA methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongxin Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Moos S, Regen T, Wanke F, Tian Y, Arendholz LT, Hauptmann J, Heinen AP, Bleul L, Bier K, El Malki K, Reinhardt C, Prinz I, Diefenbach A, Wolz C, Schittek B, Waisman A, Kurschus FC. IL-17 Signaling in Keratinocytes Orchestrates the Defense against Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1257-1267.e10. [PMID: 36736996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes (KCs) form the outer epithelial barrier of the body, protecting against invading pathogens. Mice lacking the IL-17RA or both IL-17A and IL-17F develop spontaneous Staphylococcusaureus skin infections. We found a marked expansion of T17 cells, comprised of RORγt-expressing γδ T cells and T helper 17 cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes of these mice. Contradictory to previous suggestions, this expansion was not a result of a direct negative feedback loop because we found no expansion of T17 cells in mice lacking IL-17 signaling specifically in T cells. Instead, we found that the T17 expansion depended on the microbiota and was observed only when KCs were deficient for IL-17RA signaling. Indeed, mice that lack IL-17RA only in KCs showed an increased susceptibility to experimental epicutaneous infection with S. aureus together with an accumulation of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells. We conclude that deficiency of IL-17RA on KCs leads to microbiota dysbiosis in the skin, which triggers the expansion of IL-17A-producing T cells. Our data show that KCs are the primary target cells of IL-17A and IL-17F, coordinating the defense against microbial invaders in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Moos
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD), Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yizhu Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas T Arendholz
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - André P Heinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Bleul
- Interfakultäres Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bier
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khalifa El Malki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RhineMain, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charite University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfakultäres Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Fraga-Silva TFDC, Boko MMM, Martins NS, Cetlin AA, Russo M, Vianna EO, Bonato VLD. Asthma-associated bacterial infections: Are they protective or deleterious? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:14-22. [PMID: 37780109 PMCID: PMC10510013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic, noneosinophilic, or mixed granulocytic inflammations are the hallmarks of asthma heterogeneity. Depending on the priming of lung immune and structural cells, subjects with asthma might generate immune responses that are TH2-prone or TH17-prone immune response. Bacterial infections caused by Haemophilus, Moraxella, or Streptococcus spp. induce the secretion of IL-17, which in turn recruit neutrophils into the airways. Clinical studies and experimental models of asthma indicated that neutrophil infiltration induces a specific phenotype of asthma, characterized by an impaired response to corticosteroid treatment. The understanding of pathways that regulate the TH17-neutrophils axis is critical to delineate and develop host-directed therapies that might control asthma and its exacerbation episodes that course with infectious comorbidities. In this review, we outline clinical and experimental studies on the role of airway epithelial cells, S100A9, and high mobility group box 1, which act in concert with the IL-17-neutrophil axis activated by bacterial infections, and are related with asthma that is difficult to treat. Furthermore, we report critically our view in the light of these findings in an attempt to stimulate further investigations and development of immunotherapies for the control of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Núbia Sabrina Martins
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Antunes Cetlin
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Vania Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Dynamic Changes of NCR - Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Mice with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Inflammation 2022; 45:497-508. [PMID: 35122179 PMCID: PMC8956536 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the important pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) play a role in a variety of inflammatory lung diseases. In this study, we established the BPD model by injecting lipopolysaccharide into the amniotic cavity of pregnant mice. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes of ILC3 and NKP46− ILC3 population in lung tissues of mice from BPD and the control groups. Results showed that the proportion of ILC3 and NKP46−ILC3 in the BPD group was higher than those of the control group. In addition, the cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) secreted by ILC3 in this model had also changed that their expression was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. Flow cytometry demonstrated that ILC3 were a rapid source of IL-17. In the anti-CD90 knockdown experiment, we confirmed the alleviation of BPD inflammation in the absence of ILC3. In addition, we injected mice with anti-IL-17 neutralizing antibody, and the results showed that IL-17 could aggravate BPD inflammation. Taken together, ILC3 may play a pro-inflammatory role in BPD by secreting IL-17.
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Chu S, Ma L, Wu Y, Zhao X, Xiao B, Pan Q. C-EBPβ mediates in cigarette/IL-17A-induced bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in COPD mice. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:376. [PMID: 34794427 PMCID: PMC8603568 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarettes smoking and IL-17A contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and have synergistical effect on bronchial epithelial cell proliferation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C-EBPβ) could be induced by IL-17A and is up-regulated in COPD. We explored the effect of cigarettes and IL-17 on bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in COPD mice and potential mechanism involved with C-EBPβ in this study. METHODS COPD model was established with mice by exposing to cigarettes. E-Cadherin, Vimentin, IL-17A and C-EBPβ distributions were detected in lung tissues. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were separated from health mice and cocultured with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or/and IL-17A. E-Cadherin, Vimentin and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) expressions in vitro were assessed. When C-EBPβ were silenced by siRNA in cells, E-Cadherin, Vimentin and C-EBPβ expressions were detected. RESULTS E-Cadherin distribution was less and Vimentin distribution was more in bronchus of COPD mice than controls. IL-17A and C-EBPβ expressions were higher in lung tissues of COPD mice than controls. In vitro, C-EBPβ protein expression was highest in CSE + IL-17A group, followed by CSE and IL-17A groups. E-cadherin expression in vitro was lowest and Vimentin expression was highest in CSE + IL-17A group, followed by CSE or IL-17A group. Those could be inhibited by C-EBPβ silenced. CONCLUSIONS C-EBPβ mediates in cigarette/IL-17A-induced bronchial EMT in COPD mice. Our findings contribute to a better understanding on the progress from COPD to lung cancers, which will provide novel avenues in preventing tumorigenesis of airway in the context of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Chu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Libing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yashan Wu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qilu Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
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Wang H, Bu L, Shu F, Bai Y, Xue F, Shi S, Sun D. Molecular Mechanism of Biofilm Locator Protein Kinase Dbf2p-related kinase 1 in Regulating Innate Immune Response to Interleukin 17-induced Viral Pneumonia. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10335-10344. [PMID: 34699306 PMCID: PMC8809916 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It focused on the antiviral immune regulation of biofilm-localized protein kinase Dbf2p-related kinase 1 (NDR1) in viral pneumonia. Mouse alveolar monocyte RAW264.7 was used as blank control, and viral pneumonia cell model was prepared by infecting cells with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). NDR1 overexpression vector and siRNA interference sequences were synthesized, and overexpression/silence NDR1 cell model was fabricated. About 50 ng/mL interleukin 17 (IL-17) was given to stimulate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qRCR), and Western blot were performed to detect cytokines and chemokines, mRNA of inflammatory factors, and signal molecule protein expression. Notably, RSV infection increased RSV-F mRNA in RAW264.7 cells and reduced NDR1 mRNA and protein. Secretion levels of IL-6, interferon β (IFN-β), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL20) increased in the model group versus blank control (P< 0.05). IL-6, IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mRNA were up-regulated (P < 0.05). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 protein phosphorylation, human recombinant 1 (TBK1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) protein levels increased (P < 0.05). After overexpression of NDR1, the secretion levels of cytokines and chemokines, inflammatory factors mRNA, and signal molecule protein increased significantly. After NDR1 was silenced, cytokines and chemokines, inflammatory factors mRNA, and signal molecule protein were not significantly different versus blank control group (P > 0.05). In short, NDR1 regulated innate immune response to viral pneumonia induced by IL-17, which can be used as a new target for the treatment of IL-17-induced inflammatory response and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Lina Bu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Fang Shu
- Department of Laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Feixiao Xue
- Department of Laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Daqing Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China
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Qin W, Brands X, van’t Veer C, F. de Vos A, Sirard JC, J. T. H. Roelofs J, P. Scicluna B, van der Poll T. Bronchial epithelial DNA methyltransferase 3b dampens pulmonary immune responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009491. [PMID: 33793661 PMCID: PMC8043394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt)3b mediates de novo DNA methylation and modulation of Dnmt3b in respiratory epithelial cells has been shown to affect the expression of multiple genes. Respiratory epithelial cells provide a first line of defense against pulmonary pathogens and play a crucial role in the immune response during pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium that expresses flagellin as an important virulence factor. We here sought to determine the role of Dntm3b in respiratory epithelial cells in immune responses elicited by P. aeruginosa. DNMT3B expression was reduced in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as in primary human and mouse bronchial epithelial cells grown in air liquid interface upon exposure to P. aeruginosa (PAK). Dnmt3b deficient human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells produced more CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL20 than control cells when stimulated with PAK, flagellin-deficient PAK (PAKflic) or flagellin. Dnmt3b deficiency reduced DNA methylation at exon 1 of CXCL1 and enhanced NF-ĸB p65 binding to the CXCL1 promoter. Mice with bronchial epithelial Dntm3b deficiency showed increased Cxcl1 mRNA expression in bronchial epithelium and CXCL1 protein release in the airways during pneumonia caused by PAK, which was associated with enhanced neutrophil recruitment and accelerated bacterial clearance; bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b deficiency did not modify responses during pneumonia caused by PAKflic or Klebsiella pneumoniae (an un-flagellated gram-negative bacterium). Dnmt3b deficiency in type II alveolar epithelial cells did not affect mouse pulmonary defense against PAK infection. These results suggest that bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b impairs host defense during Pseudomonas induced pneumonia, at least in part, by dampening mucosal responses to flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xanthe Brands
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van’t Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Royer DJ, Cook DN. Regulation of Immune Responses by Nonhematopoietic Cells in Asthma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:292-301. [PMID: 33397743 PMCID: PMC8581969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonhematopoietic cells are emerging as important contributors to many inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma. Recent advances have led to a deeper understanding of how these cells interact with traditional immune cells, thereby modulating their activities in both homeostasis and disease. In addition to their well-established roles in gas exchange and barrier function, lung epithelial cells express an armament of innate sensors that can be triggered by various inhaled environmental agents, leading to the production of proinflammatory molecules. Advances in cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing have expanded our knowledge of rare, but immunologically important nonhematopoietic cell populations. In parallel with these advances, novel reverse genetic approaches are revealing how individual genes in different lung-resident nonhematopoietic cell populations contribute to the initiation and maintenance of asthma. This knowledge is already revealing new pathways that can be selectively targeted to treat distinct forms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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10
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Bronchial Epithelial Tet2 Maintains Epithelial Integrity during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00603-20. [PMID: 33046509 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00603-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory epithelial cells are important for pulmonary innate immune responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2) has been implicated in the regulation of host defense by myeloid and lymphoid cells, but whether Tet2 also contributes to epithelial responses during pneumonia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bronchial epithelial Tet2 in acute pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa To this end, we crossed mice with Tet2 flanked by two Lox-P sites (Tet2fl/fl mice) with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the bronchial epithelial cell-specific Cc10 promoter (Cc10Cre mice) to generate bronchial epithelial cell-specific Tet2-deficient (Tet2fl/fl Cc10Cre ) mice. Six hours after infection with P. aeruginosa, Tet2fl/fl Cc10Cre and wild-type mice had similar bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). At this time point, Tet2fl/fl Cc10Cre mice displayed reduced mRNA levels of the chemokines Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Ccl20 in bronchial brushes. However, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Ccl20 protein levels and leukocyte recruitment in BALF were not different between groups. Tet2fl/fl Cc10Cre mice had increased protein levels in BALF after infection, indicating a disturbed epithelial barrier function, which was corroborated by reduced mRNA expression of tight junction protein 1 and occludin in bronchial brushes. Differences detected between Tet2fl/fl Cc10Cre and wild-type mice were no longer present at 24 h after infection. These results suggest that bronchial epithelial Tet2 contributes to maintaining epithelial integrity by enhancing intracellular connections between epithelial cells during the early phase of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Sawada Y, Gallo RL. Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Immune Functions of the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1157-1166. [PMID: 33256976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to illuminate the emerging understanding of epigenetic modifications that regulate both adaptive and innate immunity in the skin. Host defense of the epidermis and dermis involves the interplay of many cell types to enable homeostasis; tolerance to the external environment; and appropriate response to transient microbial, chemical, and physical insults. To understand this process, the study of cutaneous immunology has focused on immune responses that reflect both adaptive learned and genetically programmed innate defense systems. However, recent advances have begun to reveal that epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure also have a major influence on the skin immune system. This deeper understanding of how enzymatic changes in chromatin structure can modify the skin immune system and may explain how environmental exposures during life, and the microbiome, lead to both short-term and long-term changes in cutaneous allergic and other inflammatory processes. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for alterations in gene and chromatin structure within skin immunocytes could provide key insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases that have thus far evaded understanding by dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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Hynes GM, Hinks TSC. The role of interleukin-17 in asthma: a protective response? ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00364-2019. [PMID: 32494573 PMCID: PMC7248344 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00364-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While there now exist effective treatments for type 2 high, eosinophilic asthma, there are no specific therapies for 40–50% of people with asthma with other phenotypes, which result from poorly understood underlying pathological mechanisms. One such pathology is neutrophilic inflammation, which has been associated with interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines. Human genetic studies identified IL-17 polymorphisms associated with asthma; in murine models of allergic airways disease, IL-17A contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness, and in humans, elevated airway IL-17A levels are repeatedly observed in severe asthma. However, the directionality of this association is unknown, and the assumption that IL-17 cytokines drive disease pathology remains speculative. Here, we explore the evidence underlying the relationship between IL-17 and asthma, we review lessons learned from investigating IL-17 in other inflammatory diseases, and discuss the possibility that IL-17 may even be protective in asthma rather than pathogenic. We also critically examine the newly proposed paradigm of a reciprocal relationship between type 2 and type 17 airways inflammation. In summary, we suggest an association between IL-17 and asthma, but research is needed examining the diverse functions of these cytokines, their longitudinal stability, their response to clinical interventions, and for mechanistic studies determining whether they are protective or pathogenic. IL-17 cytokines have been implicated in neutrophilic asthma by genetic, murine and human data. Here, previous studies are critiqued and the assumption their dominant role is pathogenic rather than protective of airway epithelial barrier integrity is challenged.http://bit.ly/3axB4Zs
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth M Hynes
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ma L, Jiang M, Zhao X, Sun J, Pan Q, Chu S. Cigarette and IL-17A synergistically induce bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activating IL-17R/NF-κB signaling. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32000730 PMCID: PMC6993491 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL-17A directly induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar epithelial cells. It could coordinate with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to promote proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we aim to explore the direct effect of IL-17A and CSE on EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. Methods Bronchial epithelial cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice, and cocultured with CSE or/and IL-17A. E-cadherin and Vimentin expressions in cells were detected using immunofluorescence staining. IL-17R expression was detected using immunohistochemistry staining. NF-κB expression was assessed using western blotting. When NF-κB was inhibited by BAY 11–7821, expressions of NF-κB, E-cadherin and Vimentin were measured. Results The protein expression of E-cadherin in bronchial epithelial cells was lowest in CSE + IL-17A group, followed by CSE group. In contrast, the protein expression of Vimentin was highest in CSE + IL-17A group, followed by CSE group. Similarly, IL-17R and NF-κB expressions were highest in CSE + IL-17A group, followed by CSE group and IL-17A group. NF-κB inhibitor could inhibit the expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin. Conclusions Cigarette and IL-17A could synergistically induce EMT in bronchial epithelial cells through activating IL17R/NF-κB signaling. Our findings contribute to a better understanding in airway EMT and pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, which are involved IL-17A and cigarette smoking. Those will provide novel avenues in the immunotherapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qilu Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuyuan Chu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
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