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Raya-Cano E, Vaquero-Abellán M, Molina-Luque R, Molina-Recio G, Guzmán-García JM, Jiménez-Mérida R, Romero-Saldaña M. Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Leukocytes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7044. [PMID: 38002657 PMCID: PMC10671943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterised by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and dysregulation of blood glucose, which is associated with the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. White blood cell count is a selective marker of acute infection and inflammation, which could provide information on the metabolic status of subjects. This study aims to provide the best evidence on the association between MetS and white blood cell count by determining the effect size of this biomarker. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies indexed in the PubMed and Scopus databases were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE tool, overall risk of bias using RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration), and quality of evidence using Grade Pro. Results: We included 14 articles comparing leukocyte concentrations in 21,005 subjects with MetS and 66,339 controls. Subjects with MetS had a higher mean leukocyte count, 0.64 cells ×109/L; CI95% 0.55-0.72; p < 0.00001; I2 = 93%. Conclusions: An in-depth evaluation of the relationship of leukocytes in the pathophysiological process of MetS could lead to new insights into early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raya-Cano
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
| | - Manuel Vaquero-Abellán
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
| | - Rafael Molina-Luque
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
- Associated Group GA 16 Lifestyles, Innovation and Health, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Molina-Recio
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
- Associated Group GA 16 Lifestyles, Innovation and Health, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José Miguel Guzmán-García
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
| | - Rocío Jiménez-Mérida
- Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-C.); (M.V.-A.); (G.M.-R.); (J.M.G.-G.)
| | - Manuel Romero-Saldaña
- Associated Group GA 16 Lifestyles, Innovation and Health, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
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Huang Y, Li Z, Yang K, Zhang L, Wei C, Yang P, Xu W. The association of uric acid with the development of thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:197. [PMID: 35941598 PMCID: PMC9358884 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid was found to have a positive correlation with thyroid nodules in the cross-sectional studies recently. We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether uric acid is a risk factor for the development of thyroid nodules. METHODS We reviewed the data of individuals who attended the medical check-ups in our hospital from 2010 to 2019. A total of 6587 adults without thyroid nodules at baseline were enrolled in this study. Logistic regression with or without restricted cubic spline function was used to investigate the non-linear or linear association between uric acid and thyroid nodules, respectively. RESULTS Baseline characteristics showed that subjects mainly consisted of the healthy, young population. After fully adjusting for the potential confounders, such as age, sex, metabolic and inflammatory indicators, hepatic and renal function, a logistic restricted cubic spline regression model suggested that uric acid had a significant association (P = 0.028) with the development of thyroid nodules, but the association was not non-linear (P = 0.516). The results indicate that the association between them is linear, which was demonstrated by a logistic regression model, in which the odds ratio of uric acid per 100 mmol/L was 1.137 (P = 0.004). Age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and blood monocyte were found to be risk factors for thyroid nodules as well. CONCLUSION Uric acid is an independent risk factor for the formation of thyroid nodules. This finding warrants attention to this risk factor in apparently healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Huang
- Health Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zexin Li
- Health Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Kaiji Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Health Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, No. 243, Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Peixuan Yang
- Health Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Wencan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041 China
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Gobbo A, Gagliardi I, Gobbo A, Rossi R, Franceschetti P, Lupo S, Rossi M, Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Zatelli MC. Glucose Metabolism Derangements and Thyroid Nodules: Does Sex Matter? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060903. [PMID: 35743689 PMCID: PMC9225610 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glucose metabolism derangements (GMD) and thyroid nodules (TNs) are the most frequent endocrine disorders, and their relationship is still controversial; little evidence is reported regarding sex differences. We aim to evaluate the association between GMDs and TNs according to sex and the sex differences in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity (IS). (2) Methods: We evaluated 342 patients (268 females and 74 males) at high GMD risk undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test and a thyroid ultrasound. (3) Results: The TN prevalence was 61% (n = 210), with no significant differences according to sex and GMD classes. The TN presence is significantly associated with age and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in females. Males and females with normal fasting glucose (NFG) had a significantly lower OR of having TNs than females with IFG. IFG females had a significantly higher predicted probability of having TNs than NFG males and females but not IFG males. Impaired glucose tolerance/Type 2 diabetes mellitus (IGT/T2DM) is significantly associated with age and male sex, while IFG is associated with age. Females had significantly lower HOMA-index values than males. (4) Conclusions: No significant association between IGT/T2DM and TNs according to sex was found. IFG seems to play a role in TN development independently of sex. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between TNs and GMD to identify subgroups with a higher TN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gobbo
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrrara, Italy; (A.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Irene Gagliardi
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrrara, Italy; (A.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Andrea Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Paola Franceschetti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Sabrina Lupo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Martina Rossi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrrara, Italy; (A.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrrara, Italy; (A.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrrara, Italy; (A.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Oncology & Specialty Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.F.); (S.L.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang F, Teng D, Tong N, Wang G, Li Y, Yu X, Shan Z, Teng W. Gender-Specific Associations Between Metabolic Disorders and Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from China. Thyroid 2022; 32:571-580. [PMID: 35317620 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic disorders (MDs) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MDs and various types of thyroid nodules (TNs), according to gender. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Thyroid Disorders, Iodine Status, and Diabetes Epidemiological (TIDE) survey in China. A total of 56,729 subjects ≥18 years of age were included. Thyroid gland morphology was assessed by thyroid standardized ultrasonography. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals [CIs] for any associations between MDs and TNs. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender and TN type (solitary, S-TN; multiple, M-TNs). Results: The prevalence of TNs was increased in several MDs, and was higher in women than men regardless of whether they suffered from MDs (22.0%, CI [21.6-22.5%] vs. 15.7%, CI [15.3-16.7%], p < 0.001). TNs were associated with the presence of MDs (OR = 1.189, CI [1.107-1.278], p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.235, CI [1.177-1.296], p < 0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; OR = 1.249, CI [1.186-1.316], p < 0.001), and hyperuricemia (OR = 1.206, CI [1.126-1.293], p < 0.001). MDs and MetS were, respectively, significantly associated with TNs, S-TNs, and M-TNs in men, while MDs were significantly associated with the three TN profiles in women. With respect to dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C had the strongest association with TNs, whereas hypertriglyceridemia had no effect. Conclusions: TNs (especially M-TNs) may be associated with MDs and their various components, and there appear to be some gender-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Di Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Fu J, Zhang L, An Y, Duan Y, Liu J, Wang G. Association Between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Function in Euthyroid Chinese Adults. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930865. [PMID: 33739959 PMCID: PMC7986724 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can influence thyroid function through multiple routes, even in people who are euthyroid. The correlation between weight and thyroid function is a matter of debate. The present study investigated the relationship between body weight and thyroid function in euthyroid Chinese adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1564 participants with serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels within the reference range were included. All of them were tested for thyroid function parameters and categorized, based on body mass index (BMI), into 3 groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. The effects of BMI on thyroid function were examined using linear (continuous values) and logistic (dichotomous levels according to medians or means) regression and controlling for age and sex. RESULTS There were significant differences in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and FT3/free thyroxine (FT4) ratios among participants who were normal weight, overweight, and obese (both P<0.001). Multivariable regression analysis (P<0.001) showed that BMI was positively associated with FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios. Compared with the normal weight group, the patients who were overweight or obese had significantly higher FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios that were higher than average, according to logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS We found that Chinese adults who are obese may have higher FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios than those who are of normal weight, even if their thyroid function values are within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Yu Y, Wu J. Presence of Metabolic Syndrome and Thyroid Nodules in Subjects with Colorectal Polyps. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927935. [PMID: 33518699 PMCID: PMC7863561 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid nodules (TNs) and metabolic syndrome (MS) have been individually associated with colorectal polyps. However, the potential joint relationship between them in relation to colorectal polyps has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to validate the association of TNs/MS and colorectal polyps/adenomas and to determine the risk of colonic polyps in patients with TNs/MS. Material/Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients undergoing routine health checks in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2014 to August 2017. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for colorectal polyps/adenomas after adjusting for confounding factors. Then patients were divided into 4 groups according to whether they had TNs or MS. Relative excess risks of interaction, attributable proportion, and synergy index were used to determine the additive interaction of TNs and MS on colorectal polyps/adenomas. Results A total of 4514 eligible patients were included in this study. TNs and MS were confirmed to be independent risk factors for colorectal polyps/adenomas. Compared with the group of TNs(−)/MS(−), the odds ratios of TNs(+)/MS(+) in colorectal polyps (odds ratio [OR]: 3.031, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.262–4.062, P<0.05) or adenomas (OR: 2.894, 95% CI: 2.099–3.990, P<0.05) were significantly increased, and there was an interactive additive effect between TNs and MS. Conclusions TNs and MS have an associative and superimposing effect on the increased occurrence of colorectal adenomas. Colonoscopy screening should be advocated for patients with both of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Wang X, Mo Z, Mao G, Zhu W, Xing M, Li X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Lou X. Geographical influences on thyroid abnormalities in adult population from iodine-replete regions: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:994. [PMID: 33441760 PMCID: PMC7806590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The studies on the increasing incidence of thyroid abnormalities are scarce. The aim of this current study was to ascertain the effects of geographical region on thyroid abnormalities under the context of universal salt iodization (USI). We randomly selected 1255 participants residing in inland and 1248 in coast, with the determination of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and functional and morphological abnormalities of thyroid gland. The median UIC was significantly higher for the inland participants (188.5 μg/L) than the coastal participants (128.5 μg/L; p < 0.001), indicating iodine sufficiency in both populations according to the recommended assessment criteria by the World Health Organization. However, the spectrum of thyroid abnormalities varied between regions, with hypothyroidism prevalent in inland and thyroid nodules in coast. The associations between region and thyroid abnormalities via binary logistic regression models showed that the coastal participants were at a higher risk of total thyroid abnormalities than those from the inland (OR 1.216, 95% CI 1.020-1.449), after the adjustment of ten confounders (demographical characteristics, smoking status, metabolism syndrome, and hyperuricemia). These results indicated that further investigations of the adverse effects of hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules on health burden is urgently needed to sustain USI program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Mo
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Mao
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhu
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingluan Xing
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Li Y, Yu X, Wang X, Lin Z, Song B, Tian L, Feng C, Shan Z, Teng W. The Relationship and Gender Disparity Between Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components Based on a Recent Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736972. [PMID: 34621243 PMCID: PMC8490942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a potential connection with thyroid disease, but its relationship with thyroid nodules (TNs) is still controversial. This study aims to clarify the relationship between MetS and TNs, and this relationship in the subgroup of gender. METHODS The recent nationwide cross-sectional study called Thyroid Disorders, Iodine Status, and Diabetes Epidemiological survey provided the newest data on the relationship between MetS and TNs from China and included 56,729 subjects. We also researched related literature in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE until Oct 30, 2020, in order to perform a meta-analysis. The relevant articles were examined, and the eligible studies were included to assess the association between MetS and TNs. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 15 studies (involving 468,845 subjects). Of these, 14 studies were from the databases, and one study was this cross-sectional data. The meta-analysis showed that TNs were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.44-2.45) and the components of MetS, including central obesity (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.72), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.15), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20), abnormal blood pressure (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.62-1.75), and hyperglycemia (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.74). Central obesity displayed gender differences, being a risk factor in males (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.02-1.86) but not in females (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.97-2.23). CONCLUSION TNs were indeed associated with a higher prevalence of MetS. In addition, its component diseases, such as central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal blood pressure, and hyperglycemia, were also associated with TNs. Females with MetS or its components had a higher risk of suffering from TNs than males.
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Tkachuk NP. Thyroid and Pseudothyroid Dysfunction as a Cause That is Promoting the Relapse of Benign Focal Thyroid Pathology. J Med Life 2020; 13:426-430. [PMID: 33072219 PMCID: PMC7550158 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies deal with learning causes stipulating nodular formations in the thyroid tissue, including those occurring against the ground of metabolic disorders of thyroid hormones. Our study’s objective was to determine the peculiarities of thyroid homeostasis disorders in patients suffering from benign nodular thyroid pathology with relapses of the disease and its relapse-free course. For this purpose, 96 female patients suffering from nodular thyroid pathology and 20 without thyroid pathology were examined. In the course of the study, the following were found in patients with benign focal thyroid pathology: disorders of the peripheral conversion of the thyroid hormones, compensatory activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system evident in increased levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone, ТSH/fT3 and ТSH/fT4 ratios, increasing titers of the anti-thyroid antibodies which can be hazardous for the risk of development of nodules or reflects the process of thyroid tissue damage; high level of thyroglobulin caused by an increased probability of relapse and rate of nodule growth, an increase of the thyroid gland volume associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, increased antibodies titer and thyroid gland damage. Thus, changes of the examined indices in the blood can be used as prognostic markers concerning the relapse of nodule formation in the thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrivna Tkachuk
- Department of Surgery No. 1, Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine "Bukovinian State Medical University", Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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