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Poledniczek M, Neumayer C, Kopp CW, Schlager O, Gremmel T, Jozkowicz A, Gschwandtner ME, Koppensteiner R, Wadowski PP. Micro- and Macrovascular Effects of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Translational Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37626780 PMCID: PMC10452462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries. The present review aims at discussing the molecular and clinical effects of inflammatory processes on the micro- and macrovasculature with a focus on peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michael E. Gschwandtner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
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Loo RJ, Wohlauer MV, Tarima SS, Weseman E, Nguyen JN, Mansukhani NA, Durand MJ. A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Ischemic Conditioning on Walking Capacity and Lower Extremity Muscle Performance in Patients with Claudication. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:314-323. [PMID: 36067740 DOI: 10.1159/000525166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether a novel therapy called ischemic conditioning (IC) improves walking capacity and lower extremity muscle performance in patients with peripheral vascular disease who experience intermittent claudication. METHODS Forty-three patients with claudication were enrolled and received either IC or IC Sham for 2 weeks in this randomized, controlled, double-blinded, prospective study. IC sessions involved five cycles of alternating 5-min inflations of a blood pressure cuff to 225 mm Hg (25 mm Hg for IC Sham) and 5-min deflations, around the thigh of the affected lower extremity. RESULTS There was no difference in the change in claudication onset time (Δ = 114 ± 212 s IC vs. 104 ± 173 s IC Sham; p = 0.67) or peak walking time (Δ = 42 ± 139 s IC vs. 12 ± 148 s IC Sham; p = 0.35) between the IC and IC Sham groups. At the level of the knee, participants in the IC group performed more work (Δ = 3,029 ± 4,999 J IC vs. 345 ± 2,863 J IC Sham; p = 0.03) and displayed a greater time to muscle fatigue (Δ = 147 ± 221 s IC vs. -27 ± 236 s IC Sham; p = 0.01). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In patients with claudication, IC improved total work performed and time to fatigue at the knee but did not change walking parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Loo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Max V Wohlauer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sergey S Tarima
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth Weseman
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer N Nguyen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neel A Mansukhani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew J Durand
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Hummitzsch L, Voelckers L, Rusch M, Cremer J, Albrecht M, Rusch R, Berndt R. Repetitive application of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) as a non-invasive treatment option: study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:353. [PMID: 35927627 PMCID: PMC9351196 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The best medical treatment (BMT) for most patients with early stage of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is often limited to gait training and pharmacological therapy besides endovascular surgery. The application of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been described as a promising experimental strategy for the improvement of therapeutic outcome in cardiovascular disease but has not proven beneficial effects in clinical practice and treatment of PAOD yet. Methods Here we describe a prospective, randomized trial for the evaluation of possible effects of repeated application of RIC in patients with PAOD. This monocentric study will enrol 200 participants distributed to an intervention group receiving RIC + BMT and a control group only receiving BMT for four weeks. Patients are at least 18 years of age and have diagnosed PAOD Fontaine stage II b. Pain-free and total walking distance will be measured via treadmill test (primary endpoints). In addition, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and quality of life (QoL) will be assessed using the SF-36 and VascuQoL-6 questionnaire. Moreover, evaluation of markers for atherosclerosis, angiogenic profiling and mononuclear cell characterization will be performed using biochemical assays, proteome profiling arrays and flow cytometry (secondary endpoints). Discussion Our prospective, randomized monocentric trial is the first of its kind to analyse the effects of chronic and repetitive treatment with RIC in patients with PAOD and might provide important novel information on the molecular mechanisms associated with RIC in PAOD patients. Trial registration: Prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsche Register Klinischer Studien) Registration number: DRKS00025735; Date of registration: 01.07.2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hummitzsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luisa Voelckers
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Vascular Research Center, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Vascular Research Center, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Vascular Research Center, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - René Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Vascular Research Center, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rouven Berndt
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs C, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Vascular Research Center, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Safety and Feasibility Assessment of Repetitive Vascular Occlusion Stimulus (RVOS) Application to Multi-Organ Failure Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143938. [PMID: 35887701 PMCID: PMC9316533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is implicated in the pathogenesis of intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW), affecting 40% of patients and causing long-term physical disability. A repetitive vascular occlusion stimulus (RVOS) limits muscle atrophy in healthy and orthopaedic subjects, thus, we explored its application to ICU patients. Adult multi-organ failure patients received standard care +/- twice daily RVOS {4 cycles of 5 min tourniquet inflation to 50 mmHg supra-systolic blood pressure, and 5 min complete deflation} for 10 days. Serious adverse events (SAEs), tolerability, feasibility, acceptability, and exploratory outcomes of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA), echogenicity, clinical outcomes, and blood biomarkers were assessed. Only 12 of the intended 32 participants were recruited. RVOS sessions (76.1%) were delivered to five participants and two could not tolerate it. No SAEs occurred; 75% of participants and 82% of clinical staff strongly agreed or agreed that RVOS is an acceptable treatment. RFCSA fell significantly and echogenicity increased in controls (n = 5) and intervention subjects (n = 4). The intervention group was associated with less frequent acute kidney injury (AKI), a greater decrease in the total sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) score, and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and reduced syndecan-1, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNF-RII) levels. RVOS application appears safe and acceptable, but protocol modifications are required to improve tolerability and recruitment. There were signals of possible clinical benefit relating to RVOS application.
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