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Xu M, Chen Y, Li P, Ye Q, Feng S, Yan B. Antibiotic use during radical surgery in stage I-III colorectal cancer: correlation with outcomes? BMC Cancer 2024; 24:769. [PMID: 38926655 PMCID: PMC11210026 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence indicates that the use of antibiotics (ATBs) in cancer patients is potentially correlated with patient prognosis. Interestingly, the use of these agents is not uncommon in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during surgery; however, their prognostic value in the clinic has never been addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on ATB use during surgery, including the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) and the number of categories, were collected. Differences in the clinical data between the low and high cDDD subgroups and between subgroups with ≤ 4 and >4 categories. Additionally, the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among these subgroups and the specific categories were compared. Finally, a Cox proportional hazard model was used to validate the risk factors for the outcome. RESULTS The number of categories, rather than the cDDD, was a significant predictor of both DFS (P = 0.043) and OS (P = 0.039). Patients with obstruction are more likely to have a high cDDD, whereas older patients are more likely to have multiple categories. There were no significant differences in the DFS (log rank = 1.36, P = 0.244) or OS (log rank = 0.40, P = 0.528) between patients in the low- and high-cDDD subgroups, whereas patients with ≤ 4 categories had superior DFS (log rank = 9.92, P = 0.002) and OS (log rank = 8.30, P = 0.004) compared with those with >4 categories. Specifically, the use of quinolones was harmful to survival (DFS: log rank = 3.67, P = 0.055; OS: log rank = 5.10, P = 0.024), whereas the use of macrolides was beneficial to survival (DFS: log rank = 12.26, P < 0.001; OS: log rank = 9.77, P = 0.002). Finally, the number of categories was identified as an independent risk factor for both DFS (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.35-3.11, P = 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.14-2.90, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The cDDD of ATBs during surgery in stage I-III CRC patients did not correlate with outcome; however, patients in multiple categories or a specific category are likely to have inferior survival. These results suggest that particular caution should be taken when selecting ATBs for these patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya City, 572000, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya City, 572000, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Panhua Li
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District, Sanya City, 572000, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya City, 572000, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shouhan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 315 of South Street, Huzhou City, 313000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District, Sanya City, 572000, Hainan Province, P.R. China.
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de Souza JB, de Almeida Campos LA, Palácio SB, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Cavalcanti IMF. Prevalence and implications of pKs-positive Escherichia coli in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2024; 341:122462. [PMID: 38281542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous investigation into its etiology and potential risk factors. Recent research has shed light on the potential role of pKs-positive Escherichia coli (pKs + E. coli) and colibactin in the development and progression of CRC. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an updated analysis of the prevalence and implications of pKs + E. coli in colorectal cancer. We conducted a literature review search in major scientific databases to identify relevant studies exploring the association between pKs + E. coli and CRC. The search strategy included studies published up to the present date, and articles were carefully selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Thus, the present study encompasses scientific evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies supporting the presence of pKs + E. coli in CRC patients, demonstrating a consistent and significant association in multiple studies. Furthermore, we highlighted the potential mechanisms by which colibactin may promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression within the colorectal mucosa, including the production of genotoxic virulence factors. Additionally, we explored current diagnostic methods for detecting pKs + E. coli in clinical settings, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification. Moreover, we discussed future strategies that could utilize the presence of this strain as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, this review consolidated existing evidence on the prevalence and implications of pKs + E. coli in colorectal cancer. The findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking this strain to CRC pathogenesis and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target or diagnostic marker. Ultimately, a better understanding of the role of pKs + E. coli in CRC may pave the way for innovative strategies in CRC management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Brandão Palácio
- Research, development and innovation subdivision (SDPI) of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Aeronautics (LAQFA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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3
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Cruz MS, Tintelnot J, Gagliani N. Roles of microbiota in pancreatic cancer development and treatment. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2320280. [PMID: 38411395 PMCID: PMC10900280 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2320280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that most cases are only diagnosed at an advanced and palliative disease stage, and there is a high incidence of therapy resistance. Despite ongoing efforts, to date, the mechanisms underlying PDAC oncogenesis and its poor responses to treatment are still largely unclear. As the study of the microbiome in cancer progresses, growing evidence suggests that bacteria or fungi might be key players both in PDAC oncogenesis as well as in its resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy, for instance through modulation of the tumor microenvironment and reshaping of the host immune response. Here, we review how the microbiota exerts these effects directly or indirectly via microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, we further discuss the potential of modulating the microbiota composition as a therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos Cruz
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Tintelnot
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Chen Y, Wang X, Ye Y, Ren Q. Gut microbiota in cancer: insights on microbial metabolites and therapeutic strategies. Med Oncol 2023; 41:25. [PMID: 38129370 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment has attracted substantial attention. It is now well established that gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly contribute to the incidence, treatment, and prognosis of various cancers. This review provides a comprehensive review on the pivotal role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy and associated side effects of anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, thus emphasizing the clinical importance of gut microbiota reconstitution in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xibin Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuwei Ye
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qian Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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The prospective effect of fucoidan on splenic dysfunction caused by oxaliplatin in male rats through endoplasmic stress dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22147. [PMID: 36550146 PMCID: PMC9780252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans (FUCs) are highly sulfated polysaccharides demonstrating multiple actions in different systems. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agent with several side effects that restrict its usage. The current study aimed to determine the potential effect of FUC in male rats with splenic dysfunction induced by OXA. Eighty adult male rats aged (8-9 weeks) weighing (190-230 g) were divided into four groups: (Group I: the control group): Rats were administrated normal saline; (Group II: controls treated by FUC): Rats were treated with FUC; (Group III: Splenic dysfunction group): Rats were treated with 8 mg/kg OXA. (IV: Splenic dysfunction treated by FUC): Rats were treated by OXA as Group III, then fucoidan was given. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected to determine red blood cells and white blood cells. Splenic tissues were divided into one part for biochemical assays, oxidative stress markers as MDA and catalase, inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL6), and apoptotic markers (caspase 3) and gene expression of Nrf2, Mapk1 gene expression, and endoplasmic stress parameters and the other part was used for immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. Compared to the OXA-induced splenic dysfunction group, FUC significantly decreased high levels of MDA, TNF- alpha, IL6, caspase-3, Mapk1, endoplasmic stress induced by OXA, and increased the level of catalase and Nrf2. Fucoidan has corrected the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes compared to the OXA-induced splenic dysfunction group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that fucoidan has a significant role in the treatment of splenic dysfunction induced by OXA.
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Role of drug catabolism, modulation of oncogenic signaling and tumor microenvironment in microbe-mediated pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100864. [PMID: 36115181 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the highest incidence/death ratios among all neoplasms due to its late diagnosis and dominant chemoresistance. Most PDAC patients present with an advanced disease characterized by a multifactorial, inherent and acquired resistance to current anticancer treatments. This remarkable chemoresistance has been ascribed to several PDAC features including the genetic landscape, metabolic alterations, and a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment that is characterized by dense fibrosis, and a cellular contexture including functionally distinct subclasses of cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune suppressive cells, but also a number of bacteria, shaping a specific tumor microbiome microenvironment. Thus, recent studies prompted the emergence of a new research avenue, by describing the role of the microbiome in gemcitabine resistance, while next-generation-sequencing analyses identified a specific microbiome in different tumors, including PDAC. Functionally, the contribution of these microbes to PDAC chemoresistance is only beginning to be explored. Here we provide an overview of the studies demonstrating that bacteria have the capacity to metabolically transform and hence inactivate anticancer drugs, as exemplified by the inhibition of the efficacy of 10 out of 30 chemotherapeutics by Escherichia coli. Moreover, a number of bacteria modulate specific oncogenic pathways, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, affecting autophagy and apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. We hypothesize that improved understanding of how chemoresistance is driven by bacteria could enhance the efficacy of current treatments, and discuss the potential of microbiome modulation and targeted therapeutic approaches as well as the need for more reliable models and biomarkers to translate the findings of preclinical/translational research to the clinical setting, and ultimately overcome PDAC chemoresistance, hence improving clinical outcome.
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He X, Yao Q, Fan D, You Y, Lian W, Zhou Z, Duan L. Combination of levofloxacin and cisplatin enhances anticancer efficacy via co-regulation of eight cancer-associated genes. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:76. [PMID: 35984577 PMCID: PMC9391551 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensitizer or combined chemotherapy can sensitize cancer cells to therapy and minimize drug resistance. We reveal that levofloxacin has broad-spectrum anticancer activity. Here we report that combination of levofloxacin and cisplatin further enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells by further promotion of apoptosis. Levofloxacin concentration-dependently promoted the inhibition of clone formation in cancer cells treated by cisplatin, and their combination further suppressed the tumor growth in mice. Levofloxacin and cisplatin co-regulated genes in directions supporting the enhancement of anticancer efficacy, of which, THBS1, TNFAIP3, LAPTM5, PI3 and IL24 were further upregulated, NCOA5, SRSF6 and SFPQ were further downregulated. Out of the 24 apoptotic pathways significantly enriched in the combination group, TNFAIP3, THBS1, SRSF6 and SFPQ overlapped in 14, 13, 3 and 1 pathway respectively. Jak-STAT/Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway network and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway were significantly enriched in levofloxacin group, cisplatin group and combination group. Jak-STAT/Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction/Focal adhesion/EMC-receptor interaction pathway network was significantly enriched in the combination group, and IL24 and THBS1 were the overlapped genes. In conclusion, enhancement of anticancer efficacy in combination group was associated with the further regulation of THBS1, TNFAIP3, LAPTM5, PI3, IL24 and NCOA5, SFPQ, SRSF6. Targeting of Jak-STAT/Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction/Focal adhesion/EMC-receptor interaction pathway network was correlated to the enhancement. With additional benefit to cancer patients for treatment or prophylaxis of an infectious syndrome, levofloxacin can benefit cancer chemotherapy no matter it is used independently or used with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Yao
- Institute of Yunnan Tumor, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Fan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lian
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Duan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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The Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Systemic and Anti-Tumor Immunity and Response to Systemic Therapy against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153563. [PMID: 35892821 PMCID: PMC9330582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can have opposing functions from pro-tumorigenic to anti-tumorigenic effects. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota affects cancer patients’ response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immunotherapy, such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Microbiota-induced inflammation possibly contributes to tumor growth and cancer development. Microbiota-derived metabolites can also be converted to carcinogenic agents related to genetic mutations and DNA damage in organs such as the colon. However, other attributes of microbiota, such as greater diversity and specific bacterial species and their metabolites, are linked to better clinical outcomes and potentially improved anti-tumor immunity. In addition, the intratumoral microbial composition strongly affects T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immune surveillance, adding more complexity to the cancer-microbiome-immune axis. Despite the emerging clinical evidence for the activity of the gut microbiota in immuno-oncology, the fundamental mechanisms of such activity are not well understood. This review provides an overview of underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and its metabolites enhance or suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding such mechanisms allows for better design of microbiome-specific treatment strategies to improve the clinical outcome in cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy.
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Lai X, Wang A. Clinical Study on Prevention of Irinotecan-Induced Delayed-Onset Diarrhea by Hot Ironing with Moxa Salt Packet on Tianshu and Shangjuxu. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:6587884. [PMID: 35912389 PMCID: PMC9334062 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6587884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the clinical efficacy of hot ironing of the Tianshu and Shangjuxu with moxa salt packet to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced delayed-onset diarrhea (IIDD). Methods A randomized controlled study was conducted on a sample of 120 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who were hospitalized in our oncology department and treated with FOLFIRI chemotherapy regimen from February 2018 to July 2021. They were equally divided into study group (n = 60) and control group (n = 60) according to whether they were treated with hot ironing with moxa salt packs or not. The general conditions, occurrence of IIDD, occurrence of delayed chemotherapy due to IIDD, time of occurrence and duration of IIDD, Karnofsky performance score (KPS) score, occurrence of leukopenia, and myelosuppression were compared between the two groups. Result The incidence of grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 diarrhea in the study group was 11.67% (7/60), 5.00% (3/60), 3.33% (2/60), and 0.00% (0/60), respectively, while the incidence of grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 diarrhea in the control group was 21.67% (13/60), 8.33% (5/60), 10.00% (6/60), and 3.33% (2/60). The incidence of severe diarrhea and total diarrhea in the study group was (3.33% and 20.00%) lower than that in the control group (13.33% and 43.33%) (P < 0.05). The incidence of delayed chemotherapy was lower in the study group (8.33%) (1/12) than in the control group (23.08%) (6/26) but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The time to onset of IIDD in the study group (6.45 ± 1.53) days was comparable to that in the control group (6.40 ± 1.77 days) (P > 0.05), but the duration of IIDD in the study group (3.25 ± 1.05 days) was shorter than that in the control group (5.70 ± 1.72 days) (P < 0.05). After treatment, the incidence of KPS improvement, stabilization, and reduction in the study group was 38.33% (23/60), 51.67% (31/60), and 10.00% (6/60), respectively, the incidence of KPS improvement, stabilization, and reduction in the control group was 23.33% (14/60), 50.00% (30/60), and 26.67% (16/60), respectively, and the percentage of KPS reduction in the study group was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). During the observation period after treatment, the total incidence of leucopenia in the study group was 11.67% (7/60) which is lower than 31.67% (19/60) in the control group (P < 0.05). During the observation period after treatment, the incidence of III°+°IV myelosuppression in the study group was 5.00% (3/60) which is lower than 25.00% (15/60) in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The hot ironing with moxa salt packet on Tianshu and Shangjuxu was more effective in preventing IIDD, which could reduce the incidence and severity of IIDD, shorten the duration of diarrhea and significantly increase the quality of life of patients with no significant adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Lai
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Anmei Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
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Imai H, Saijo K, Komine K, Ueta R, Numakura R, Wakayama S, Umegaki S, Hiraide S, Kawamura Y, Kasahara Y, Ohuchi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi S, Shirota H, Takahashi M, Ishioka C. Antibiotic Treatment Improves the Efficacy of Oxaliplatin-Based Therapy as First-Line Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1259-1266. [PMID: 35370421 PMCID: PMC8964666 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s353432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the first-line treatment for gastric cancer patients is oxaliplatin, and the efficacy of this chemotherapeutic can be attenuated by the microbiome. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated whether treatment with antibiotics improved the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients and Methods Fifty-four patients were assigned to the antibiotic-treated group and 35 to the antibiotic-untreated group. Results The response rate of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in the antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-untreated groups was 66.7% and 41.4%, respectively (p = 0.038). The median progression-free survival after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in the antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-untreated groups was 8.8 and 5.2 months, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.456, 95% confidence interval = 0.254–0.819; p = 0.007, Log rank test). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that antibiotic treatment was the only clinical parameter that correlated with the response to oxaliplatin. Conclusion Antibiotic treatment could be used therapeutically to enhance the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Imai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keigo Komine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Reio Ueta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Numakura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shonosuke Wakayama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sho Umegaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sakura Hiraide
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshufumi Kawamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasahara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kota Ohuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Shirota
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: Chikashi Ishioka, Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan, Tel +81 227178543, Fax +81 227178548, Email
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Ebrahimpour M, Mohammadian M, Pourheydar B, Moradi Z, Behrouzkia Z. Effects of Radiotherapy in Combination With Irinotecan and 17-AAG on Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 Gene Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e9. [DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the cytotoxic and anti-cancer effects of Irinotecan as a conventional chemotherapeutic agent compared to 17-(allyl amino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) as possible radiosensitizers in the HCT-116 cell line were investigated. Methods: HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of irinotecan and 17-AAG and also irradiated with a 2-Gy of X-ray radiation. Then, the cell viability was examined by a water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay after 24 hours. For single therapies and double and triple combination cases, IC50, 0.5×IC50 and 0.25×IC50 concentrations of each drug were selected respectively for a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and other tests. In treated and untreated cells, the caspase 3 and Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were evaluated by the real-time PCR method. Likewise, caspase 3 activity was detected with a colorimetric assay. Results: In all combined treatments, including 17-AAG- radiation, irinotecan - radiation, irinotecan -17-AAG, and irinotecan-17-AAG-radiation, decreased cellular viability and increased TUNEL positive cells were presented versus the control group (P<0.05). There were increased TUNEL positive cells in the triple combination, in concentrations of 0.25×IC50 of each drug, in comparison with single and double agent treatments. Moreover, in triple combination, the caspase 3 mRNA level and caspase 3 activity increased versus related single treatments. Likewise, in the irinotecan-17-AAG-radiation combined treatment and the 17-AAG-radiation double treatment, the Bcl-2 gene expression level decreased in comparison with single therapies. Conclusion: It can be indicated that the combination of chemo-radiotherapy versus single treatments has significant anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ebrahimpour
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhino Moradi
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Behrouzkia
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Yue B, Gao R, Wang Z, Dou W. Microbiota-Host-Irinotecan Axis: A New Insight Toward Irinotecan Chemotherapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:710945. [PMID: 34722328 PMCID: PMC8553258 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.710945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT11) and its active metabolite ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) are broad-spectrum cytotoxic anticancer agents. Both cause cell death in rapidly dividing cells (e.g., cancer cells, epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells) and commensal bacteria. Therefore, CPT11 can induce a series of toxic side-effects, of which the most conspicuous is gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Studies have shown that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeting the gut microbiota influences the efficacy and toxicity of CPT11 chemotherapy through three key mechanisms: microbial ecocline, catalysis of microbial enzymes, and immunoregulation. This review summarizes and explores how the gut microbiota participates in CPT11 metabolism and mediates host immune dynamics to affect the toxicity and efficacy of CPT11 chemotherapy, thus introducing a new concept that is called "microbiota-host-irinotecan axis". Also, we emphasize the utilization of bacterial β-glucuronidase-specific inhibitor, dietary interventions, probiotics and strain-engineered interventions as emergent microbiota-targeting strategies for the purpose of improving CPT11 chemotherapy efficiency and alleviating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyang Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
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The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9136583. [PMID: 34349805 PMCID: PMC8328693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9136583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with nonobvious early symptoms and late symptoms of anemia, weight loss, and other systemic symptoms. Its morbidity and fatality rate are next only to gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and primary liver cancer among digestive malignancies. In addition to the conventional surgical intervention, other therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy and new treatment methods such as biologics and microbiological products have been introduced. As a promising cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has attracted extensive research attention. MSCs are early undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, which have the common features of stem cells, including self-replication, self-division, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation. MSCs come from a wide range of sources and can be extracted from a variety of tissues such as the bone marrow, umbilical cord, and fat. Current studies have shown that MSCs have a variety of biological functions such as immune regulation, tissue damage repair, and therapeutic effects on tumors such as CRC. This review outlines the overview of MSCs and CRC and summarizes the role of MSC application in CRC.
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