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Szabó L, Seubert AC, Kretzschmar K. Modelling adult stem cells and their niche in health and disease with epithelial organoids. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:20-30. [PMID: 36127261 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are responsible for homoeostasis and regeneration of epithelial tissues. Stem cell function is regulated by both cell autonomous mechanisms as well as the niche. Deregulated stem cell function contributes to diseases such as cancer. Epithelial organoid cultures generated from tissue-resident adult stem cells have allowed unprecedented insights into the biology of epithelial tissues. The subsequent adaptation of organoid technology enabled the modelling of the communication of stem cells with their cellular and non-cellular niche as well as diseases. Starting from its first model described in 2009, the murine small intestinal organoid, we discuss here how epithelial organoid cultures have been become a prime in vitro research tool for cell and developmental biology, bioengineering, and biomedicine in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Szabó
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Würzburg, IZKF/MSNZ, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna C Seubert
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Würzburg, IZKF/MSNZ, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Würzburg, IZKF/MSNZ, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Liu X, Zhao J, Jiang H, Guo H, Li Y, Li H, Feng Y, Ke J, Long X. ALPK1 Accelerates the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis by Activating NLRP3 Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1973-1985. [PMID: 36053817 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1), a member of the alpha-kinase family, has been shown to be involved in mediating inflammatory responses and is strongly associated with gout; however, its modulatory role in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Here, we uncovered elevation of ALPK1 in degraded cartilage of destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) and collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA), two different mouse OA models induced by mechanical stress or synovitis. Intraarticular administration of recombinant human ALPK1 (rhALPK1) in vivo exacerbated OA pathogenesis in both DMM and CIOA mice, whereas ALPK1 knockout reversed this process. In vitro study demonstrated that ALPK1 aggravates metabolic disturbances in chondrocytes by enhancing the production of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), an inflammasome sensors driving interlukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the selective inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or NLRP3 indicates that NLRP3 is a downstream signaling governed by NF-κB in ALPK1-activated chondrocytes. Collectively, these results establish ALPK1 as a novel catabolic regulator of OA pathogenesis, and targeting this signaling may be a promising treatment strategy for OA. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Henghua Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Ke
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Long
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Wizenty J, Müllerke S, Kolesnichenko M, Heuberger J, Lin M, Fischer AS, Mollenkopf HJ, Berger H, Tacke F, Sigal M. Gastric stem cells promote inflammation and gland remodeling in response to Helicobacter pylori via Rspo3-Lgr4 axis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109996. [PMID: 35767364 PMCID: PMC9251867 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that colonizes the stomach and causes chronic gastritis. Helicobacter pylori can colonize deep inside gastric glands, triggering increased R‐spondin 3 (Rspo3) signaling. This causes an expansion of the “gland base module,” which consists of self‐renewing stem cells and antimicrobial secretory cells and results in gland hyperplasia. The contribution of Rspo3 receptors Lgr4 and Lgr5 is not well explored. Here, we identified that Lgr4 regulates Lgr5 expression and is required for H. pylori‐induced hyperplasia and inflammation, while Lgr5 alone is not. Using conditional knockout mice, we reveal that R‐spondin signaling via Lgr4 drives proliferation of stem cells and also induces NF‐κB activity in the proliferative stem cells. Upon exposure to H. pylori, the Lgr4‐driven NF‐κB activation is responsible for the expansion of the gland base module and simultaneously enables chemokine expression in stem cells, resulting in gland hyperplasia and neutrophil recruitment. This demonstrates a connection between R‐spondin‐Lgr and NF‐κB signaling that links epithelial stem cell behavior and inflammatory responses to gland‐invading H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wizenty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Müllerke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Kolesnichenko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heuberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manqiang Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
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Donath S, Angerstein L, Gentemann L, Müller D, Seidler AE, Jesinghaus C, Bleich A, Heisterkamp A, Buettner M, Kalies S. Investigation of Colonic Regeneration via Precise Damage Application Using Femtosecond Laser-Based Nanosurgery. Cells 2022; 11:1143. [PMID: 35406708 PMCID: PMC8998079 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids represent the cellular composition of natural tissue. So called colonoids, organoids derived from colon tissue, are a good model for understanding regeneration. However, next to the cellular composition, the surrounding matrix, the cell-cell interactions, and environmental factors have to be considered. This requires new approaches for the manipulation of a colonoid. Of key interest is the precise application of localized damage and the following cellular reaction. We have established multiphoton imaging in combination with femtosecond laser-based cellular nanosurgery in colonoids to ablate single cells in the colonoids' crypts, the proliferative zones, and the differentiated zones. We observed that half of the colonoids recovered within six hours after manipulation. An invagination of the damaged cell and closing of the structure was observed. In about a third of the cases of targeted crypt damage, it caused a stop in crypt proliferation. In the majority of colonoids ablated in the crypt, the damage led to an increase in Wnt signalling, indicated via a fluorescent lentiviral biosensor. qRT-PCR analysis showed increased expression of various proliferation and Wnt-associated genes in response to damage. Our new model of probing colonoid regeneration paves the way to better understand organoid dynamics on a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Leon Angerstein
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Dominik Müller
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna E. Seidler
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian Jesinghaus
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - André Bleich
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (L.G.); (D.M.); (A.E.S.); (C.J.); (A.H.); (S.K.)
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (M.B.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Intestinal Organoids in Colitis Research: Focusing on Variability and Cryopreservation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9041423. [PMID: 34580592 PMCID: PMC8464427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell-derived organoids have become a cell culture standard that is widely used for studying various scientific issues that were previously investigated through animal experiments and using common tumor cell lines. After their initial hype, concerns regarding their standardization have been raised. Here, we aim to provide some insights into our experience in standardizing murine colonic epithelial organoids, which we use as a replacement method for research on inflammatory bowel disease. Considering good scientific practice, we examined various factors that might challenge the design and outcome of experiments using these organoids. First, to analyze the impact of antibiotics/antimycotics, we performed kinetic experiments using ZellShield® and measured the gene expression levels of the tight junction markers Ocln, Zo-1, and Cldn4, the proliferation marker Ki67, and the proinflammatory cytokine Tnfα. Because we found no differences between cultivations with and without ZellShield®, we then performed infection experiments using the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as an already established model setup to analyze the impact of technical, interexperimental, and biologic replicates. We demonstrate that interexperimental differences pose the greatest challenge for reproducibility and explain our strategies for addressing these differences. Additionally, we conducted infection experiments using freshly isolated and cryopreserved/thawed organoids and found that cryopreservation influenced the experimental outcome during early passages. Formerly cryopreserved colonoids exhibited a premature appearance and a higher proinflammatory response to bacterial stimulation. Therefore, we recommend analyzing the growth characteristics and reliability of cryopreserved organoids before to their use in experiments together with conducting several independent experiments under standardized conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that organoid culture, if standardized, constitutes a good tool for reducing the need for animal experiments and might further improve our understanding of, for example, the role of epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease development.
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Kong C, Faas MM, de Vos P, Akkerman R. Impact of dietary fibers in infant formulas on gut microbiota and the intestinal immune barrier. Food Funct 2021; 11:9445-9467. [PMID: 33150902 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for the nutrition of infants. An important component of HM is human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which play an important role in gut microbiota colonization and gut immune barrier establishment, and thereby contribute to the maturation of the immune system in early life. Guiding these processes is important as disturbances have life-long health effects and can lead to the development of allergic diseases. Unfortunately, not all infants can be exclusively fed with HM. These infants are routinely fed with infant formulas that contain hMO analogs and other non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) to mimic the effects of hMOs. Currently, the hMO analogs 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and pectins are added to infant formulas; however, these NDCs cannot mimic all hMO functions and therefore new NDCs and NDC mixtures need to become available for specific groups of neonates like preterm and disease-prone neonates. In this review, we discuss human data on the beneficial effects of infant formula supplements such as the specific hMO analog 2'-FL and NDCs as well as their mechanism of effects like stimulation of microbiota development, maturation of different parts of the gut immune barrier and anti-pathogenic effects. Insights into the structure-specific mechanisms by which hMOs and NDCs exert their beneficial functions might contribute to the development of new tailored NDCs and NDC mixtures. We also describe the needs for new in vitro systems that can be used for research on hMOs and NDCs. The current data suggest that "tailored infant formulas" for infants of different ages and healthy statuses are needed to ensure a healthy development of the microbiota and the gut immune system of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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