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Suciu TS, Feștilă D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Nutu A, Armencea G, Aghiorghiesei AI, Vulcan T, Băciuț M. Circular RNA-Mediated Regulation of Oral Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation: Implications for Oral Medicine and Orthodontic Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:656-671. [PMID: 38279054 PMCID: PMC10984898 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which unlike linear RNAs, have a covalently closed continuous loop structure. circRNAs are found abundantly in human cells and their biology is complex. They feature unique expression to different types of cells, tissues, and developmental stages. To the present, the functional roles of circular RNAs are not fully understood. They reportedly act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, therefore having key regulatory functions in diverse physiological and pathological processes. As for dentistry field, lines of evidence indicate that circRNAs play vital roles in the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Abnormal expression of circRNAs have been found in other areas of pathology frequently reflected also in the oral environment, such as inflammation or bone and soft tissue loss. Therefore, circRNAs could be of significant importance in various fields in dentistry, especially in bone and soft tissue engineering and regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms occurring during the regulation of oral biological and tissue remodeling processes could augment the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that will improve orthodontic and other oral therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Sergiu Suciu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400029, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Aghiorghiesei
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Talida Vulcan
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400029, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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The Role of Epigenetic in Dental and Oral Regenerative Medicine by Different Types of Dental Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Overview. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5304860. [PMID: 35721599 PMCID: PMC9203206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5304860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal teeth, wisdom teeth, and exfoliated deciduous teeth can be harvested for dental stem cell (DSC) researches. These mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate and also consider as promising candidates for dental and oral regeneration. Thus, the development of DSC therapies can be considered a suitable but challenging target for tissue regeneration. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression rather than changes in DNA and broadly happens in bone homeostasis, embryogenesis, stem cell fate, and disease development. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression and the regulation of cell fate is mainly governed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Tissue engineering utilizes DSCs as a target. Tissue engineering therapies are based on the multipotent regenerative potential of DSCs. It is believed that epigenetic factors are essential for maintaining the multipotency of DSCs. A wide range of host and environmental factors influence stem cell differentiation and differentiation commitment, of which epigenetic regulation is critical. Several lines of evidence have shown that epigenetic modification of DNA and DNA-correlated histones are necessary for determining cells' phenotypes and regulating stem cells' pluripotency and renewal capacity. It is increasingly recognized that nuclear enzyme activities, such as histone deacetylases, can be used pharmacologically to induce stem cell differentiation and dedifferentiation. In this review, the role of epigenetic in dental and oral regenerative medicine by different types of dental stem cells is discussed in two new and promising areas of medical and biological researches in recent studies (2010-2022).
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Xiao J, Joseph S, Xia M, Teng F, Chen X, Huang R, Zhai L, Deng W. Circular RNAs Acting as miRNAs’ Sponges and Their Roles in Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102909. [PMID: 35629034 PMCID: PMC9145679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous RNAs, have become a subject of intensive research. It has been found that circRNAs are important players in cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis, as well as disease development. Moreover, the expression of circRNAs is usually not correlated with their parental gene expression, indicating that they are not only a steady-state by-product of mRNA splicing but a product of variable splicing under novel regulation. Sequence conservation analysis has also demonstrated that circRNAs have important non-coding functions. CircRNAs exist as a covalently closed loop form in mammalian cells, where they regulate cellular transcription and translation processes. CircRNAs are built from pre-messenger RNAs, and their biogenesis involves back-splicing, which is catalyzed by spliceosomes. The splicing reaction gives rise to three different types of intronic, exotic and exon–intron circular RNAs. Due to higher nuclease stability and longer half lives in cells, circRNAs are more stable than linear RNAs and have enormous clinical advantage for use as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for disease. In recent years, it has been reported that circRNAs in stem cells play a crucial role in stem cell function. In this article, we reviewed the general feature of circRNAs and the distinct roles of circRNAs in stem cell biology, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. CircRNAs have shown unique expression profiles during differentiation of stem cells and could serve as promising biomarkers of these cells. As circRNAs play pivotal roles in stem cell regulation as well as the development and progression of various diseases, we also discuss opportunities and challenges of circRNA-based treatment strategies in future effective therapies for promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Shija Joseph
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Mengwei Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Feng Teng
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Rufeng Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Lihong Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510060, China
- Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangshu 336000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (W.D.)
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Zeng B, Huang J. Progress in the Study of Non-Coding RNAs in Multidifferentiation Potential of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:854285. [PMID: 35480302 PMCID: PMC9037064 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the desire for tissue regeneration has never been quenched. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, have attracted much attention in this topic. Growing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can activate various regulatory processes. Even with a slight decrease or increase in expression, ncRNAs can weaken or even subvert cellular fate. Therefore, a systematic interpretation of ncRNAs that guide the differentiation of DMSCs into cells of other tissue types is urgently needed. In this review, we introduce the roles of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as osteogenic differentiation, odontogenic differentiation, neurogenic differentiation, angiogenic differentiation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, mRNA modulation, miRNA sponges and signalling. Finally, we summarize the types and mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as let-7 family, miR-17∼92 family, miR-21, lncRNA H19, lncRNA ANCR, lncRNA MEG3, circRNA CDR1as and CircRNA SIPA1L1. If revealing the intricate relationship between ncRNAs and pluripotency of DMSCs 1 day, the application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved. Our work could be an important stepping stone towards this future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Zeng
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pan X, Cen X, Zhang B, Pei F, Huang W, Huang X, Zhao Z. Circular RNAs as potential regulators in bone remodeling: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1505. [PMID: 34805367 PMCID: PMC8573438 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this review, we focus on the recent progress of circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs)-related molecular mechanisms in the processes of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and explore their roles in the development of bone-remodeling disorders. Background The well-coupled bone-formation and bone-resorption processes are vital in bone remodeling. Once the balance is disrupted, bone-remodeling disorders (e.g., osteoporosis and osteopetrosis) occur, severely affecting patients’ quality of life. CircRNAs, the newly discovered members of the non-coding RNA family, have been reported to act as key checkpoints of various signaling pathways that influence osteoblasts and osteoclasts functions, thus regulating the physiological and pathological processes of bone homeostasis. Methods Three English and three Chinese databases [i.e., PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), Chinese Biomedical Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases] were searched to June 2021 without language restrictions. Studies exploring the roles of circRNAs in key bone remodeling mediators, such as Smad-dependent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wnts, runt-related transcription factor (RUNX), forkhead boxes (FOXs), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), and circRNA-related bone-remodeling disorders, were included. Conclusions Many circRNAs have been shown to promote osteogenesis and facilitate osteoclast differentiation via diverse mechanisms, and thus modulate the process of bone homeostasis. The imbalance or impairment of these two parts causes diseases, such as osteoporosis, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, which are also closely correlated to the aberrant presence of circRNAs. Current evidence provides us with promising diagnosis and treatment methods for some bone homeostasis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li Q, Huang L. MiR-148a-3p Regulates the Invasion and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells via the Wnt1/ β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:434-446. [PMID: 34456188 PMCID: PMC8611305 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives MiR-148a-3p has been reported to regulate the differentiation of marrow stromal cell osteoblast. In this study, whether miR-148a-3p regulated the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) or not was explored. Methods and Results The hDPSCs were isolated and identified via flow cytometry. Targets of miR-148a-3p were identified via bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay. After the cell was cultured in the odontogenic differentiation medium or infected, cell viability, invasion, and odontoblastic differentiation were detected via MTT, transwell, and Alizarin Red S staining, respectively. The miR-148a-3p, Wnt1, β-catenin, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, OCN, and Smad4 expressions were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation downregulated the miR-148a-3p expression and upregulated Wnt1 expression. Wnt1 was determined as the target for miR-148a-3p. MiR-148a-3p mimic and siWnt1 suppressed the cell viability, invasion, and odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs and inhibited the Wnt1, β-catenin, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, OCN, and Smad4 expressions. In contrast, miR-148a-3p inhibitor and overexpressed Wnt1 promoted the cell viability, invasion, and odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs, and upregulated the Wnt1, β-catenin, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, OCN, and Smad4 expressions. Also, miR-148a-3p mimic and inhibitor reversed the effects of Wnt1 overexpression and siWnt1. Conclusions MiR-148a-3p modulated the invasion and odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs through the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jingmen NO.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jingmen NO.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
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Non-coding RNAs in endodontic disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:82-84. [PMID: 34257038 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunocompetence and regeneration potential of the dental pulp and its surrounding apical tissues have been investigated extensively in the field of endodontics. While research on the role of non-coding RNAs in these tissues is still in its infancy, it is envisioned that improved understanding of the regulatory function of ncRNAs in pulpal and periapical immune response will help prevent or treat endodontic disease. Of particular importance is the role of these RNAs in regenerating the dentin-pulp complex. In this review, we highlight recent progress on the role of non-coding RNAs in the immune response to endodontic infection as well as the repair and regenerative response to injury.
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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Jiao K, Walsh LJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. The Emerging Regulatory Role of Circular RNAs in Periodontal Tissues and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094636. [PMID: 33924932 PMCID: PMC8124626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic complex inflammatory disease associated with a destructive host immune response to microbial dysbiosis, leading to irreversible loss of tooth-supporting tissues. Regeneration of functional periodontal soft (periodontal ligament and gingiva) and hard tissue components (cementum and alveolar bone) to replace lost tissues is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment, but clinically predictable treatments are lacking. Similarly, the identification of biomarkers that can be used to accurately diagnose periodontitis activity is lacking. A relatively novel category of molecules found in oral tissue, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded endogenous, long, non-coding RNA molecules, with covalently circular-closed structures without a 5' cap and a 3' tail via non-classic backsplicing. Emerging research indicates that circRNAs are tissue and disease-specific expressed and have crucial regulatory functions in various diseases. CircRNAs can function as microRNA or RNA binding sites or can regulate mRNA. In this review, we explore the biogenesis and function of circRNAs in the context of the emerging role of circRNAs in periodontitis pathogenesis and the differentiation of periodontal cells. CircMAP3K11, circCDK8, circCDR1as, circ_0062491, and circ_0095812 are associated with pathological periodontitis tissues. Furthermore, circRNAs are expressed in periodontal cells in a cell-specific manner. They can function as microRNA sponges and can form circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks during osteogenic differentiation for periodontal-tissue (or dental pulp)-derived progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jiao
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.H.)
| | - Pingping Han
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.H.)
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Deng Z, Yan W, Dai X, Chen M, Qu Q, Wu B, Zhao W. N-Cadherin Regulates the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells via β-Catenin Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661116. [PMID: 33859987 PMCID: PMC8042212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has shown new prospects in dental pulp regeneration, and is of great significance in the treatment of pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The fate and regenerative potential of stem cells are dependent, to a great extent, on their microenvironment, which is composed of various tissue components, cell populations, and soluble factors. N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interaction has been implicated as an important factor in controlling the cell-fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of N-cadherin on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and the potential underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo, was investigated using a cell culture model and a subcutaneous transplantation mouse model. It was found that the expression of N-cadherin was reversely related to the expression of odontogenic markers (dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP, and runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) during the differentiation process of DPSCs. Specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of N-cadherin expression in DPSCs significantly increased the expression of DSPP and Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the formation of mineralized nodules. Notably, N-cadherin silencing promoted nucleus translocation and accumulation of β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin by a specific inhibitor XAV939, reversed the facilitating effects of N-cadherin downregulation on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, knockdown of N-cadherin promoted the formation of odontoblast-like cells and collagenous matrix in β-tricalcium phosphate/DPSCs composites transplanted into mice. In conclusion, N-cadherin acted as a negative regulator via regulating β-catenin activity during odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These data may help to guide DPSC behavior by tuning the N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interactions, with implications for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Stomatology Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou J, Qiu C, Fan Z, Liu T, Liu T. Circular RNAs in stem cell differentiation: a sponge-like role for miRNAs. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2438-2448. [PMID: 33967622 PMCID: PMC8100645 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel endogenous non-coding RNAs that play a critical role during cellular signal transduction, gene transcription and translation. With the rapid advancement of bioinformatics analysis tools and high-throughput RNA sequencing, numerous circRNAs with important biological features have been identified. They function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) of microRNAs and as such exhibit the potential to act as biomarkers for stem cell differentiation. In the recent past, several studies have shown the involvement of circRNAs in stem cells differentiation. The present review summarizes the molecular characteristics, biogenesis and mechanisms of newly identified circRNAs in the differentiation of stem cells. In conclusion, circRNAs regulate the stem cells differentiation via their ambient binding efficacy to modulate miRNA expression, as well as related gene translation. We believe that this review will provide reference guidance for future studies on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
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