Genome-Wide Characterization of RNA Editing Sites in Primary Gastric Adenocarcinoma through RNA-seq Data Analysis

Analyzing of colorectal cancerrelated genes and microRNAs expression profiles in response to probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in colon cancer cell lines

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer is the world's third most frequent cancer and the fourth cause of mortality. Probiotics play an important function in preventing metastasis as well as the growth and proliferation of malignant cancer cells.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The study investigated the anticancer effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on colorectal cell lines, including HT29 and SW480 as a colorectal cancer model. The extract from the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae standard probiotics were prepared, and probiotics characterization was confirmed by morphological and Biochemical tests. The viability of HT29 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines on effecting probiotic supernatant was evaluated by measuring the MTT colorimetric method. Comparison of the expression profile of several genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastatic pathway in HT29 and SW480 cell lines with the treatment of probiotics extract showed an upregulation in the BAX, CASP3, and CASP9 and down regulation BCl-2, MMP2, and MMP9 genes. Also, a comparison of microRNA expression profiles indicated an increase of miR 34, 135, 25, 16, 195, 27, 98, let7 and a decrease of miR 9, 106b, 17, 21, 155, 221.

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION

The findings of this study indicate that probiotics can effectively suppress the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and even reverse their development. Additionally, the study of cellular genes and miRNA profiles associated with colorectal cancer have demonstrated that our probiotics play a crucial role in CRC prevention by increasing the expression of tumor suppressor microRNAs and their target genes while decreasing oncogenes.

Epitranscriptomics: A New Layer of microRNA Regulation in Cancer

MicroRNAs are pervasive regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in metazoan, playing key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, these small non-coding RNAs are also involved in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, miRNAs represent valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in malignancies. In the last twenty years, the role of RNA modifications in fine-tuning gene expressions at several levels has been unraveled. All RNA species may undergo post-transcriptional modifications, collectively referred to as epitranscriptomic modifications, which, in many instances, affect RNA molecule properties. miRNAs are not an exception, in this respect, and they have been shown to undergo several post-transcriptional modifications. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings concerning miRNA epitranscriptomic modifications, focusing on their potential role in cancer development and progression.

Identification and Analysis of RNA Editing Events in Ovarian Serous Cystadenoma Using RNA-seq Data

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have revealed thousands of A-to-I RNA editing events in primates. These events are closely related to the occurrence and development of multiple cancers, but the origination and general functions of these events in ovarian cancer remain incompletely understood.

OBJECTIVE

To further the determination of molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer from the perspective of RNA editing.

METHODS

Here, we used the SNP-free RNA editing Identification Toolkit (SPRINT) to detect RNA editing sites. These editing sites were then annotated, and related functional analysis was performed.

RESULTS

In this study, about 1.7 million RES were detected in each sample, and 98% of these sites were due to A-to-G editing and were mainly distributed in non-coding regions. More than 1,000 A-- to-G RES were detected in CDS regions, and nearly 700 could lead to amino acid changes. Our results also showed that editing in the 3'UTR regions could influence miRNA-target binding. We predicted the network of changed miRNA-mRNA interaction caused by the A-to-I RNA editing sites. We also screened the differential RNA editing sites between ovarian cancer and adjacent normal tissues. We then performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the genes that contained these differential RNA editing sites. Finally, we identified the potential dysregulated RNA editing events in ovarian cancer samples.

CONCLUSION

This study systematically identified and analyzed RNA editing events in ovarian cancer and laid a foundation to explore the regulatory mechanism of RNA editing and its function in ovarian cancer.