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Valenzuela-Fuenzalida JJ, Moyano-Valarezo L, Silva-Bravo V, Milos-Brandenberg D, Orellana-Donoso M, Nova-Baeza P, Suazo-Santibáñez A, Rodríguez-Luengo M, Oyanedel-Amaro G, Sanchis-Gimeno J, Gutiérrez Espinoza H. Association between the Anatomical Location of Glioblastoma and Its Evaluation with Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3460. [PMID: 38929990 PMCID: PMC11204640 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor; it is aggressive with a high degree of malignancy and unfavorable prognosis and is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. Glioblastomas can be located in the brain, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, originating from glial cells, particularly astrocytes. Methods: The databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL were researched up to January 2024. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The statistical mean, standard deviation, and difference of means calculated with the Student's t-test for presence between hemispheres and presence in the frontal and temporal lobes were analyzed. Results: A total of 123 studies met the established selection criteria, with a total of 6224 patients. In relation to the mean, GBM between hemispheres had a mean of 33.36 (SD 58.00) in the right hemisphere and a mean of 34.70 (SD 65.07) in the left hemisphere, due to the difference in averages between hemispheres. There were no statistically significant differences, p = 0.35. For the comparison between the presence of GBM in the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe, there was a mean in the frontal lobe of 23.23 (SD 40.03), while in the temporal lobe, the mean was 22.05 (SD 43.50), and for the difference in means between the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe, there was no statistically significant difference for the presence of GBM, p = 0.178. Conclusions: We believe that before a treatment, it will always be correct to know where the GBM is located and how it behaves clinically, in order to generate correct conservative or surgical treatment guidelines for each patient. We believe that more detailed studies are also needed to show why GBM is associated more with some regions than others, despite the brain structure being homologous to other regions in which GMB occurs less frequently, which is why knowing its predominant presence in brain regions is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Valenzuela-Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Ciencias Química y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Laura Moyano-Valarezo
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Vicente Silva-Bravo
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Daniel Milos-Brandenberg
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Mathias Orellana-Donoso
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Pablo Nova-Baeza
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | | | - Macarena Rodríguez-Luengo
- Departament de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (L.M.-V.); (V.S.-B.); (D.M.-B.); (P.N.-B.); (M.R.-L.)
| | - Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Juan Sanchis-Gimeno
- GIAVAL Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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Verdugo E, Puerto I, Medina MÁ. An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma, with clinical implications and progress in its treatment. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1083-1111. [PMID: 36129048 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses, with a median survival of ∼15 months. Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications, the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system. This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years' findings in glioblastoma characterization, its heterogeneity, and current advances in its treatment. Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients, including epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolic features, as well as age- and sex-related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression. Astrocyte-like neural stem cells and outer radial glial-like cells from the subventricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH-wildtype origin, but this remains controversial. Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promotion of the glycolytic flux, maintenance of lipid storage, and other features. This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma's resistance to conventional therapies. Tumor heterogeneity, a hallmark of GBM, has been shown to affect the genetic expression, modulation of metabolic pathways, and immune system evasion. GBM's aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell-to-cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes, such as ANXA2, GBP2, FN1, PHIP, and GLUT3. Nevertheless, the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy. Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes, given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM, and neoantigen and nucleic acid-based vaccines are gaining importance due to their antitumoral activity by inducing the immune response. Furthermore, there are clinical trials focused on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, angiogenesis, and tumor heterogeneity for developing molecular-targeted therapies against GBM. Other strategies, such as nanodelivery and computational models, may improve the drug pharmacokinetics and the prognosis of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Verdugo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Iker Puerto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
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Werner M, Lyu C, Stadlbauer B, Schrader I, Buchner A, Stepp H, Sroka R, Pohla H. The role of shikonin in improving 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy on glioblastoma stem cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102987. [PMID: 35760350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme remains a malignant neoplasia with a median survival of less than two years and without satisfactory therapeutic options. The so-called glioblastoma stem cells escape the established radio- and chemotherapies and lead to tumor recurrence in most cases. The alkaloid Shikonin with its various anti stem cell properties and the interstitial photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid seem to be promising new options in the therapy of glioblastoma. In this study, in vitro investigations were performed to observe the influence of Shikonin on viability, proliferation, induction of apoptosis and the capability of forming tumor spheres in U-87 MG and the primary glioblastoma cell line GB14. The combined effect with the chemotherapeutic temozolomide and photodynamic treatment on the mRNA expression of glioma specific stem cell markers and further examined intracellular protoporphyrin IX accumulation under Shikonin treatment was analyzed. Shikonin effectively inhibited the capability of forming tumor spheres and enhanced temozolomide effectiveness in the reduction of proliferation and in the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, Shikonin increased the mRNA expression of the tumor suppressing Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene and showed modulating effects on intracellular protoporphyrin IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Werner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany.
| | - Chen Lyu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Birgit Stadlbauer
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany; Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Isabel Schrader
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany; Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany; Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany; Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
| | - Heike Pohla
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, LIFE Center, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany; Department of Urology, LMU Klinikum, University Munich, 82151 Planegg, Germany
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Cellular Model of Malignant Transformation of Primary Human Astrocytes Induced by Deadhesion/Readhesion Cycles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094471. [PMID: 35562862 PMCID: PMC9103552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Genetic and environmental factors, bacterial infection, and several other factors are known to be involved in gliomagenesis, although the complete underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving initiation, promotion, and progression. We present a human model of malignant astrocyte transformation established by subjecting primary astrocytes from healthy adults to four sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment (deadhesion). After limiting dilution of the surviving cells obtained after the fourth deadhesion/readhesion cycle, three clones were randomly selected, and exhibited malignant characteristics, including increased proliferation rate and capacity for colony formation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Functional assay results for these clonal cells, including response to temozolomide, were comparable to U87MG—a human glioblastoma-derived cell lineage—reinforcing malignant cell transformation. RNA-Seq analysis by next-generation sequencing of the transformed clones relative to the primary astrocytes revealed upregulation of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, in addition to upregulation of genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and downregulation of genes related to aerobic respiration. These findings, at a molecular level, corroborate the change in cell behavior towards mesenchymal-like cell dedifferentiation. This linear progressive model of malignant human astrocyte transformation is unique in that neither genetic manipulation nor treatment with carcinogens are used, representing a promising tool for testing combined therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma patients, and furthering knowledge of astrocytoma transformation and progression.
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Unveiling the tumour-regulatory roles of miR-1275 in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 230:153745. [PMID: 34953353 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of small RNA and molecular biology research in the past 20 years has enabled scientists to discover many new miRNAs that are proven to play essential roles in regulating the development of different cancer types. Among these miRNAs, miR-1275 is one of the well-studied miRNAs that has been described to act as a tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressing miRNA in various cancer types. Even though miR-1275 has been widely reported in different original research articles on its roles in modulating the progression of different cancer types, however, there is scarce an in-depth review that could constructively summarize the findings from different studies on the regulatory roles of miR-1275 in different cancer types. To fill up this literature gap, therefore, this review was aimed to provide an overview and summary of the roles of miR-1275 in modulating the development of different cancers and to unravel the mechanism of how miR-1275 regulates cancer progression. Based on the findings summarized from various sources, it was found that miR-1275 plays a vital role in regulating various cellular signaling pathways like the PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, and the dysregulation of this miRNA has been shown to contribute to the development of multiple cancer types such as cancers of the liver, breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract. Therefore, miR-1275 has great potential to be employed as a biomarker to diagnose cancer and to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. In addition, by inhibiting the expression of its unique downstream targets that are involved in regulating the mentioned cellular pathways, this miRNA could also be utilized as a novel therapeutic agent to halt cancer development.
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Nowak B, Rogujski P, Janowski M, Lukomska B, Andrzejewska A. Mesenchymal stem cells in glioblastoma therapy and progression: How one cell does it all. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188582. [PMID: 34144129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most investigated and applied somatic stem cells in experimental therapies for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Moreover, as it was recently postulated, MSCs may demonstrate anti-tumor properties. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV central nervous system tumor with no available effective therapy and an inevitably fatal prognosis. Experimental studies utilizing MSCs in GBM treatment resulted in numerous controversies. Native MSCs were shown to exert anti-GBM activity by controlling angiogenesis, regulating cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. They also were used as sensitizing factors and vehicles delivering various anti-cancer compounds. On the other hand, some experiments revealed significant risks related to MSC-based therapies for GBM, such as enhancement of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and aggressiveness. The following review elaborates on all mentioned contradictory data and provides a realistic, current clinical perspective on MSCs' potential in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Neurosurgery Department, John Paul II Western Hospital, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Shuford S, Lipinski L, Abad A, Smith AM, Rayner M, O'Donnell L, Stuart J, Mechtler LL, Fabiano AJ, Edenfield J, Kanos C, Gardner S, Hodge P, Lynn M, Butowski NA, Han SJ, Redjal N, Crosswell HE, Vibat CRT, Holmes L, Gevaert M, Fenstermaker RA, DesRochers TM. Prospective prediction of clinical drug response in high-grade gliomas using an ex vivo 3D cell culture assay. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab065. [PMID: 34142085 PMCID: PMC8207705 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical outcomes in high-grade glioma (HGG) have remained relatively unchanged over the last 3 decades with only modest increases in overall survival. Despite the validation of biomarkers to classify treatment response, most newly diagnosed (ND) patients receive the same treatment regimen. This study aimed to determine whether a prospective functional assay that provides a direct, live tumor cell-based drug response prediction specific for each patient could accurately predict clinical drug response prior to treatment. Methods A modified 3D cell culture assay was validated to establish baseline parameters including drug concentrations, timing, and reproducibility. Live tumor tissue from HGG patients were tested in the assay to establish response parameters. Clinical correlation was determined between prospective ex vivo response and clinical response in ND HGG patients enrolled in 3D-PREDICT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03561207). Clinical case studies were examined for relapsed HGG patients enrolled on 3D-PREDICT, prospectively assayed for ex vivo drug response, and monitored for follow-up. Results Absent biomarker stratification, the test accurately predicted clinical response/nonresponse to temozolomide in 17/20 (85%, P = .007) ND patients within 7 days of their surgery, prior to treatment initiation. Test-predicted responders had a median overall survival post-surgery of 11.6 months compared to 5.9 months for test-predicted nonresponders (P = .0376). Case studies provided examples of the clinical utility of the assay predictions and their impact upon treatment decisions resulting in positive clinical outcomes. Conclusion This study both validates the developed assay analytically and clinically and provides case studies of its implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Lipinski
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Abad
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Laszlo L Mechtler
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrew J Fabiano
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Edenfield
- Department of Medicine, Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Kanos
- Deparment of Surgery, Prisma Health Southeastern Neurosurgical and Spine Institute, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen Gardner
- Deparment of Surgery, Prisma Health Southeastern Neurosurgical and Spine Institute, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Hodge
- Deparment of Surgery, Prisma Health Southeastern Neurosurgical and Spine Institute, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Lynn
- Deparment of Surgery, Prisma Health Southeastern Neurosurgical and Spine Institute, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Seunggu J Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Navid Redjal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Health Institute for Neurosciences, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Lenin S, Ponthier E, Scheer KG, Yeo ECF, Tea MN, Ebert LM, Oksdath Mansilla M, Poonnoose S, Baumgartner U, Day BW, Ormsby RJ, Pitson SM, Gomez GA. A Drug Screening Pipeline Using 2D and 3D Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Pre-Clinical Analysis of Therapy Response in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4322. [PMID: 33919246 PMCID: PMC8122466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and lethal types of primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, tumor recurrence within 6-9 months is common. To overcome this, more effective therapies targeting cancer cell stemness, invasion, metabolism, cell death resistance and the interactions of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment are required. In this study, we performed a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms that drive glioblastoma progression, which led to the identification of 65 drugs/inhibitors that we screened for their efficacy to kill patient-derived glioma stem cells in two dimensional (2D) cultures and patient-derived three dimensional (3D) glioblastoma explant organoids (GBOs). From the screening, we found a group of drugs that presented different selectivity on different patient-derived in vitro models. Moreover, we found that Costunolide, a TERT inhibitor, was effective in reducing the cell viability in vitro of both primary tumor models as well as tumor models pre-treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These results present a novel workflow for screening a relatively large groups of drugs, whose results could lead to the identification of more personalized and effective treatment for recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Lenin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Elise Ponthier
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Kaitlin G. Scheer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Erica C. F. Yeo
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mariana Oksdath Mansilla
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Santosh Poonnoose
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (S.P.); (R.J.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ulrich Baumgartner
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (U.B.); (B.W.D.)
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan W. Day
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (U.B.); (B.W.D.)
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Ormsby
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (S.P.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
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