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Wei G, Liang X, Wu F, Cheng C, Huang S, Zeng Y. Ginkgetin attenuates bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting the NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17722. [PMID: 39006031 PMCID: PMC11246017 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a disease associated with bone resorption, characterized primarily by the excessive activation of osteoclasts. Ginkgetin is a compound purified from natural ginkgo leaves which has various biological properties, including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. This study investigated the bone-protective effects of ginkgetin in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and explored their potential signaling pathway in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in a mouse model of osteoporosis. Methods Biochemical assays were performed to assess the levels of Ca, ALP, and P in the blood. Micro CT scanning was used to evaluate the impact of ginkgetin on bone loss in mice. RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of osteoclast-related genes (ctsk, c-fos, trap) in their femoral tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to assess the histopathological changes in femoral tissue due to ginkgetin. The TRAP staining was used to evaluate the impact of ginkgetin osteoclast generation in vivo. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of ginkgetin on the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and IκBα proteins in mice. Results Our findings indicate that ginkgetin may increase the serum levels of ALP and P, while decreasing the serum level of Ca in OVX mice. H&E staining and micro CT scanning results suggest that ginkgetin can inhibit bone loss in OVX mice. The TRAP staining results showed ginkgetin suppresses the generation of osteoclasts in OVX mice. RT-PCR results demonstrate that ginkgetin downregulate the expression of osteoclast-related genes (ctsk, c-fos, trap) in the femoral tissue of mice, and this effect is dose-dependent. Western blot analysis results reveal that ginkgetin can inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and IκBα proteins in mice. Conclusion Ginkgetin can impact osteoclast formation and activation in OVX mice by inhibiting the NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway, thereby attenuating bone loss in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeJin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, 923rd Hospital of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - Xiongbo Liang
- Graduate School, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, 923rd Hospital of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - Changzhi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, 923rd Hospital of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 923rd Hospital of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, 923rd Hospital of PLA, Nanning, China
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Civil R, Dolan E, Swinton PA, Santos L, Varley I, Atherton PJ, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. P1NP and β-CTX-1 Responses to a Prolonged, Continuous Running Bout in Young Healthy Adult Males: A Systematic Review with Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:85. [PMID: 37725246 PMCID: PMC10509102 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers of bone formation and resorption are widely used in exercise metabolism research, but their responses to exercise are not clear. This study aimed to quantify group responses and inter-individual variability of P1NP and β-CTX-1 after prolonged, continuous running (60-120 min at 65-75% V̇O2max) in young healthy adult males using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. METHODS The protocol was designed following PRISMA-IPD guidelines and was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework prior to implementation ( https://osf.io/y69nd ). Changes in P1NP and β-CTX-1 relative to baseline were measured during, immediately after, and in the hours and days following exercise. Typical hourly and daily variations were estimated from P1NP and β-CTX-1 changes relative to baseline in non-exercise (control) conditions. Group responses and inter-individual variability were quantified with estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the difference, and the proportion of participants exhibiting an increased response. Models were conducted within a Bayesian framework with random intercepts to account for systematic variation across studies. RESULTS P1NP levels increased during and immediately after running, when the proportion of response was close to 100% (75% CrI: 99 to 100%). P1NP levels returned to baseline levels within 1 h and over the next 4 days, showing comparable mean and standard deviation of the difference with typical hourly (0.1 ± 7.6 ng·mL-1) and daily (- 0.4 ± 5.7 ng·mL-1) variation values. β-CTX-1 levels decreased during and up to 4 h after running with distributions comparable to typical hourly variation (- 0.13 ± 0.11 ng·mL-1). There was no evidence of changes in β-CTX-1 levels during the 4 days after the running bout, when distributions were also similar between the running data and typical daily variation (- 0.03 ± 0.10 ng·mL-1). CONCLUSION Transient increases in P1NP were likely biological artefacts (e.g., connective tissue leakage) and not reflective of bone formation. Comparable small decreases in β-CTX-1 identified in both control and running data, suggested that these changes were due to the markers' circadian rhythm and not the running intervention. Hence, prolonged continuous treadmill running did not elicit bone responses, as determined by P1NP and β-CTX-1, in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Civil
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lívia Santos
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (CMAP), MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Patel D, Gorrell C, Norris J, Liu J. A narrative review of the pharmaceutical management of osteoporosis. ANNALS OF JOINT 2023; 8:25. [PMID: 38529240 PMCID: PMC10929303 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-23-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder classified by the loss of bone density in older adults leading to compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. It can be divided into categories based on its etiology: senile, post-menopausal, and secondary osteoporosis. Specific prevention measures and treatments exist for targeting bone loss. Here we review and summarize the literature regarding the presentation of osteoporosis and discuss pharmaceutical therapies. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English between 1980 and 2021. Search terms combined "senile osteoporosis", "osteoporosis treatment", "osteoporosis", "bisphosphonates", "denosumab", types of hormone therapy, and other relevant keywords used in various combinations. Key Content and Findings Osteoporosis affects millions but often goes undiagnosed until a pathologic fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and are a diagnostic tool for osteoporosis. Adults over the age of 65, post-menopausal women, and those with risk factors such as previous fractures are recommended to receive DEXA scans every one to two years. Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and hormonal therapies are among the most common pharmacologic treatments for osteoporosis. Conclusions Daily, orally administered bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy for osteoporosis given their efficacy in decreasing fracture risk and favorable safety profile. Denosumab is an alternative that is administered subcutaneously every six months and may be given as initial therapy to select patients. Hormonal therapies are used if patients cannot tolerate bisphosphonates or denosumab or are refractory to these medications. Preventative measures for osteoporosis include tailored exercise and sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D via diet or supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Patel
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Courtney Gorrell
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Norris
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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Kurgan N, Baranowski B, Stoikos J, MacNeil AJ, Fajardo VA, MacPherson REK, Klentrou P. Characterization of sclerostin's response within white adipose tissue to an obesogenic diet at rest and in response to acute exercise in male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1061715. [PMID: 36685192 PMCID: PMC9846496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is well established that sclerostin antagonizes the anabolic Wnt signalling pathway in bone, however, its physiological role in other tissues remains less clear. This study examined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on sclerostin content and downstream markers of the Wnt signaling pathway (GSK3β and β-catenin) within subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and visceral epididymal WAT (eWAT) depots at rest and in response to acute aerobic exercise. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40, 18 weeks of age) underwent 10 weeks of either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD. Within each diet group, mice were assigned to either remain sedentary (SED) or perform 2 h of endurance treadmill exercise at 15 m min-1 with 5° incline (EX), creating four groups: LFD + SED (N = 10), LFD + EX (N = 10), HFD + SED (N = 10), and HFD + EX (N = 10). Serum and WAT depots were collected 2 h post-exercise. Results: Serum sclerostin showed a diet-by-exercise interaction, reflecting HFD + EX mice having higher concentration than HFD + SED (+31%, p = 0.03), and LFD mice being unresponsive to exercise. iWAT sclerostin content decreased post-exercise in both 28 kDa (-31%, p = 0.04) and 30 kDa bands (-36%, main effect for exercise, p = 0.02). iWAT β-catenin (+44%, p = 0.03) and GSK3β content were higher in HFD mice compared to LFD (+128%, main effect for diet, p = 0.005). Monomeric sclerostin content was abolished in eWAT of HFD mice (-96%, main effect for diet, p < 0.0001), was only detectable as a 30 kDa band in LFD mice and was unresponsive to exercise. β-catenin and GSK3β were both unresponsive to diet and exercise within eWAT. Conclusion: These results characterized sclerostin's content to WAT depots in response to acute exercise, which appears to be specific to a reduction in iWAT and identified a differential regulation of sclerostin's form/post-translational modifications depending on diet and WAT depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
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Staab JS, Lutz LJ, Foulis SA, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Hughes JM. Load carriage aerobic exercise stimulates a transient rise in biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:85-94. [PMID: 36454676 PMCID: PMC9829485 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00442.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can be both anabolic and catabolic for bone tissue. The temporal response of both bone formation and resorption following an acute bout of exercise is not well described. We assayed biochemical markers of bone and calcium metabolism for up to 3 days after military-relevant exercise. In randomized order, male (n = 18) and female (n = 2) Soldiers (means ± SD; 21.2 ± 4.1 years) performed a 60-min bout of load carriage (30% body mass; 22.4 ± 3.7 kg) treadmill exercise (EXER) or a resting control trial (REST). Blood samples were collected following provision of a standardized breakfast before (PRE), after (POST) exercise/rest, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h into recovery. Fasted samples were also collected at 0630 on EXER and REST and for the next three mornings after EXER. Parathyroid hormone and phosphorus were elevated (208% and 128% of PRE, respectively, P < 0.05), and ionized calcium reduced (88% of PRE, P < 0.05) after EXER. N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen was elevated at POST (111% of PRE, P < 0.05), and the resorption marker, C-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen was elevated at 1 h (153% of PRE, P < 0.05). Osteocalcin was higher than PRE at 1 through 4 h post EXER (119%-120% of PRE, P < 0.05). Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein-1 were elevated only at POST (132% and 121% of PRE, respectively, P < 0.05) during EXER. Trivial changes in biomarkers during successive recovery days were observed. These results suggest that 60 min of load carriage exercise elicits transient increases in bone formation and resorption that return to pre-exercise concentrations within 24 h post-exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we demonstrated evidence for increases in both bone formation and resorption in the first 4 h after a bout of load carriage exercise. However, these changes largely disappear by 24 h after exercise. Acute formation and resorption of bone following exercise may reflect distinct physiological mechanoadaptive responses. Future work is needed to identify ways to promote acute post-exercise bone formation and minimize post-exercise resorption to optimize bone adaptation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery S Staab
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Laura J Lutz
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen A Foulis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Julie M Hughes
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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Hart DA, Zernicke RF, Shrive NG. Homo sapiens May Incorporate Daily Acute Cycles of “Conditioning–Deconditioning” to Maintain Musculoskeletal Integrity: Need to Integrate with Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythm Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179949. [PMID: 36077345 PMCID: PMC9456265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human evolution required adaptation to the boundary conditions of Earth, including 1 g gravity. The bipedal mobility of Homo sapiens in that gravitational field causes ground reaction force (GRF) loading of their lower extremities, influencing the integrity of the tissues of those extremities. However, humans usually experience such loading during the day and then a period of relative unloading at night. Many studies have indicated that loading of tissues and cells of the musculoskeletal (MSK) system can inhibit their responses to biological mediators such as cytokines and growth factors. Such findings raise the possibility that humans use such cycles of acute conditioning and deconditioning of the cells and tissues of the MSK system to elaborate critical mediators and responsiveness in parallel with these cycles, particularly involving GRF loading. However, humans also experience circadian rhythms with the levels of a number of mediators influenced by day/night cycles, as well as various levels of biological clocks. Thus, if responsiveness to MSK-generated mediators also occurs during the unloaded part of the daily cycle, that response must be integrated with circadian variations as well. Furthermore, it is also possible that responsiveness to circadian rhythm mediators may be regulated by MSK tissue loading. This review will examine evidence for the above scenario and postulate how interactions could be both regulated and studied, and how extension of the acute cycles biased towards deconditioning could lead to loss of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hart
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronald F. Zernicke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5328, USA
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Nigel G. Shrive
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4V8, Canada
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7
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The Bone Biomarker Response to an Acute Bout of Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2889-2908. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Prowting JL, Skelly LE, Kurgan N, Fraschetti EC, Klentrou P, Josse AR. Acute Effects of Milk vs. Carbohydrate on Bone Turnover Biomarkers Following Loading Exercise in Young Adult Females. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840973. [PMID: 35571916 PMCID: PMC9101466 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products and impact exercise have previously been identified to be independently beneficial for bone mineral properties, however, it is unknown how the combination of these two osteogenic interventions may alter acute bone turnover. Using a randomized crossover design, we compared the acute effects of consuming milk vs. an isoenergetic carbohydrate control beverage on bone biomarkers following loading exercise. Thirteen healthy female participants (Age = 20.3 ± 2.3y; BMI = 21.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2) consumed either 550 mL of 0% skim white milk (MILK) or 52.7 g of maltodextrin in 550 mL of water (CHO), both 5 min and 1 h following completion of a combined plyometric (198 impacts) and resistance exercise (3-4 sets/exercise, 8-12 reps/set, ∼75% 1-RM) bout. Venous blood samples were obtained pre-exercise, and 15 min, 75 min, 24 h and 48 h post-exercise to assess serum concentrations of bone resorption biomarkers, specifically carboxyl-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), and sclerostin (SOST), as well as bone formation biomarkers, specifically osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC). When absolute biomarker concentrations were examined, there were no interaction or group effects for any biomarker, however, there were main time effects (p < 0.05) for RANKL, SOST, and OC, which were lower, and the OPG: OPG/RANKL ratio, which was higher at 75 min post-exercise compared with baseline in both conditions. In addition to assessing absolute biomarker concentrations at specific timepoints, we also evaluated the relative (% change) cumulative post-exercise response (75 min to 48 h) using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis. This analysis showed that the relative post-exercise CTX response was significantly lower in the MILK compared to the CHO condition (p = 0.03), with no differences observed in the other biomarkers. These results show that while milk does not appear to alter absolute concentrations of bone biomarkers compared to CHO, it may attenuate relative post-exercise bone resorption (i.e., blunt the usual catabolic response to exercise).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L. Prowting
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Skelly
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Emily C. Fraschetti
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Stunes AK, Brobakken CL, Sujan MAJ, Aagård N, Brevig MS, Wang E, Syversen U, Mosti MP. Acute Effects of Strength and Endurance Training on Bone Turnover Markers in Young Adults and Elderly Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915241. [PMID: 35846315 PMCID: PMC9279869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise is recognized as an important strategy to prevent bone loss, but its acute effects on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and related markers remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess the acute effects of two different exercise modes on BTMs and related markers in young adults of both sexes and elderly men. DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS This was a three-group crossover within-subjects design study with a total of 53 participants-19 young women (aged 22-30), 20 young men (aged 21-30 years), and 14 elderly men (aged 63-74 years)-performing two different exercise sessions [strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)] separated by 2 weeks, in a supervised laboratory setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma volume-corrected serum measurements of the BTMs C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I) and procollagen of type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), total osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) at baseline, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h after each of the two exercise modes were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Analyses revealed sex- and age-dependent differences in BTMs and related bone markers at baseline and time-, sex-, and age-dependent differences in response to exercise. No differences between exercise modes were observed for BTM response except for sclerostin in young men and LCN2 in elderly men. An acute, transient, and uniform increase in P1NP/CTX-1 ratio was found in young participants, demonstrating that beneficial skeletal effects on bone metabolism can be attained through both aerobic endurance and resistance exercise, although this effect seems to be attenuated with age. The acute effects of exercise on bone-related biomarkers were generally blunted after 24 h, suggesting that persistent alterations following prolonged exercise interventions should be assessed at later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Medical Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Astrid Kamilla Stunes, orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-5199
| | - Cathrine Langlie Brobakken
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Md Abu Jafar Sujan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Norun Aagård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Siksjø Brevig
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Medical Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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The effect of the menstrual cycle on collagen metabolism, growth hormones and strength in young physically active women. Biol Sport 2021; 38:721-728. [PMID: 34937983 PMCID: PMC8670799 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on strength, functioning of the GH/IGF-1 axis and collagen metabolism in physically active women. Twenty-four physically active and eumenorrheic women volunteered to participate in the study (body mass 60.3 ± 9.18 kg, age 21.8 ± 0.92 years). Blood samples were obtained between the 5th and 8th days (the follicular phase) and between the 19th and 22th days (the luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle to determine sex steroid concentrations (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P)). Also insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and collagen metabolism markers (synthesis (PICP) and breakdown (ICTP)) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were measured. MVC was higher in the luteal phase 164.1 ± 34.77 [N m] (F(1.23) = 4.59; p = 0.043). The recorded collagen synthesis marker (PICP = 296.4 ± 35.61 [ng/ml]) was at the upper level of the reference range (30-300), with an insignificant decrease in the luteal phase (Z = 1.612; p = 0.107) and a significant increase in oestradiol concentration (Z = 4.286; p = 0.0001). The marker of collagen breakdown (ICTP = 4.16 ± 0.68 [μg/l]) was reduced by 6.8% in the same phase (Z = 1.764; p = 0.137). The variability of physical abilities (MVC) during the menstrual cycle showed that menstrual status should be taken into account in determination of the training loads. Increasing the load in the luteal phase seems to be favoured by a beneficial change in collagen metabolism (lower synthesis decrease, lower breakdown increase) observed in physically active women.
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