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Hurtado-Almonacid J, Reyes-Amigo T, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Cortés-Roco G, Oñate-Navarrete C, Olivares-Arancibia J, Páez-Herrera J. Development of Basic Motor Skills from 3 to 10 Years of Age: Comparison by Sex and Age Range in Chilean Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:715. [PMID: 38929294 PMCID: PMC11202137 DOI: 10.3390/children11060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Basic motor skills are recognized as fundamental movements that allow children to interact with their environment and are identified as the basic structure on which more complex movements are built. OBJECTIVE to identify the level of motor development of children from 3 to 10 years of age according to sex and age group. METHODOLOGY We studied a sample with a total of 328 participants (girls = 170; boys = 158) at preschool (n = 154) and school levels (n = 174). The ages of the students ranged from 3 to 10 years, with a mean of 5.94 years (±2.53). TGMD2 was applied to identify motor development. RESULTS boys and girls present low levels of physical activity, with most of them in the very poor, poor, and low-average categories (n = 182, 55.5%). Levels of motor development in locomotion, manipulation, and general development by age show significant differences (p = 0.000). However, levels of development by sex are not significant in manipulation, locomotion, and gross motor skills tests, respectively (p = 0.150, p = 0.208, and p = 0.210), and in relation to chronological age and motor development age show significant differences (p = 0.000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hurtado-Almonacid
- eFidac Research Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile; (J.H.-A.); (J.P.-H.)
| | - Tomás Reyes-Amigo
- Physical Activity Sciences Observatory (OCAF), Departament of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaiso 2360072, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Cortés-Roco
- School of Education, Sport Coach, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile;
| | - Cristian Oñate-Navarrete
- Department of Therapeutic Processes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- AfySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Páez-Herrera
- eFidac Research Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile; (J.H.-A.); (J.P.-H.)
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Moon J, Webster CA, Stodden DF, Brian A, Mulvey KL, Beets M, Egan CA, McIntosh LIF, Merica CB, Russ L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity interventions to increase elementary children's motor competence: a comprehensive school physical activity program perspective. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:826. [PMID: 38491432 PMCID: PMC10943790 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular participation in physical activity (PA) benefits children's health and well-being and protects against the development of unhealthy body weight. A key factor in children's PA participation is their motor competence (MC). The comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) framework offers a way to classify existing PA interventions that have included children's MC development and understand the potential avenues for supporting children's MC. However, there have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses of PA interventions and their effects on the MC of elementary school children (aged 5-12 years) from a CSPAP perspective. METHODS This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) for articles on 29 November 2021. The CSPAP framework was used to categorize the different intervention approaches. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179866). RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and twenty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. A wide range of PA intervention approaches (e.g., single component or multicomponent) within the context of the CSPAP framework appear to be promising pathways in enhancing children's MC. The results of the aggregate meta-analysis presented that effect sizes for the development of MC from pre-and post- intervention ranged from moderate to large (Hedges' g = 0.41-0.79). The analysis revealed that the predicted moderators, including study length, delivery agent, and study design, did not result in statistically significant moderate variations in MC outcomes. There was, however, considerable heterogeneity in study design, instruments, and study context, and studies were implemented in over 11 countries across diverse settings. CONCLUSIONS This study uniquely contributes to the literature through its primary focus on the effectiveness of PA interventions on elementary children's MC. This review emphasizes the importance of customizing CSPAP to fit the specific characteristics of each school setting, including its environmental, demographic, and resource attributes. The effectiveness of CSPAP, particularly its physical education (PE) component, is significantly enhanced when these programs are adapted to address the unique needs of each school. This adaptation can be effectively achieved through targeted professional teacher training, ensuring that PE programs are not only contextually relevant but also optimized for maximum impact in diverse educational environments. Researchers and practitioners should pursue how to effectively translate the evidence into practice to better conceptualize CSPAPs designed for children's MC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Moon
- Department of Human Performance and Health Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | - Collin A Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ali Brian
- Department of Educational and Developmental Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kelly Lynn Mulvey
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael Beets
- Department of Exercise Science in Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cate A Egan
- College of Education, Health and Human Sciences Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Lori Irene Flick McIntosh
- College of Education, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Lander University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Christopher B Merica
- College of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Laura Russ
- Indepedent Researcher, Unaffiliated, Wilmington, USA
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Pratt NA, Duncan MJ, Oxford SW. The Effects of a 6-Week Swimming Intervention on Gross Motor Development in Primary School Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 38275422 PMCID: PMC10814680 DOI: 10.3390/children11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examines the effects of a 6-week swimming intervention on motor competence in children. (2) Methods: A total of 107 children (n = 52 boys, n = 55 girls) aged 7.8 ± 0.63 years that were recruited from five primary schools in central England participated in this study, undertaking either an aquatic intervention once a week for six weeks or acting as a control group completing their usual physical education program. Participants underwent pre- and post-assessments of general motor competence using the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (TGMD-3) (a process measure) and a composite of 10 m running sprint time and standing long jump distance (product measures). Aquatic motor competence was assessed via the Aquatic Movement Protocol (AMP). Fear of drowning and swimming opportunities were also assessed by implementing a questionnaire. (3) Results: Following a mixed-model ANOVA, an overall main effect was found from pre (40.05 ± 13.6) to post (48.3 ± 18.6) for TGMD-3 scores (p < 0.05) and pre (38.7 ± 31.7) to post (50.6 ± 36.8) for AMP scores (p = 0.001). A negative significant relationship was found between AMP scores with both fear of water (p = 0.01) and fear of drowning (p < 0.05). A positive significant relationship was found between swimming opportunities and AMP score (p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The aquatic-based intervention improves not only aquatic motor competence but also transfers improvements in dryland movement competencies. Future research should look to implement control groupings which do not participate in swimming to further investigate the difference between swimmers and non-swimmers; however, due to swimming being a part of the national curriculum in England, this may not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Pratt
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK; (N.A.P.); (S.W.O.)
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Samuel W. Oxford
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK; (N.A.P.); (S.W.O.)
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Mäestu E, Kull M, Mäestu J, Pihu M, Kais K, Riso EM, Koka A, Tilga H, Jürimäe J. Results from Estonia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Research Gaps and Five Key Messages and Actions to Follow. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1369. [PMID: 37628368 PMCID: PMC10453862 DOI: 10.3390/children10081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to summarize the results of the 2022 Estonian Physical Activity Report Card across 10 indicators based on available scientific data and national databases, and, additionally, to compare the current results with previous Report Card results. A national expert panel, consisting of research and policy experts, identified the available sources and synthesized as well as graded relevant data related to the physical activity (PA) of Estonian children and youth. Grade B was assigned to Organized Sports and Physical Activity (B-), Community and Environment (B+), and Government (B). Grade C was assigned to Overall Physical Activity (C+), Physical Fitness (C+), Family and Peers (C-), and School (C+). The lowest grade, D, was assigned to Active Play (D), Active Transportation (D+), and Sedentary Behaviors (D-). In Estonia, the participation rate in organized sport is relatively high, and government in addition to community support seem to be at a relatively good level. However, a relatively high number of children and youth did not meet the current PA guidelines, and the levels of sedentary behavior and screen time were very high. The PA of children and youth should be a cross-disciplinary priority, and focus should be put on developing schoolyards and outdoor breaks, varied and easily accessible organized sport, the use of active transportation, and the implementation of physical education that supports leisure time activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (K.K.); (E.-M.R.); (A.K.); (H.T.); (J.J.)
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Hassan MA, Liu W, McDonough DJ, Su X, Gao Z. Comparative Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention Programs on Motor Skills in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11914. [PMID: 36231213 PMCID: PMC9565026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate how different physical activity (PA) interventions (traditional, exergaming, and teacher/parent education) impacted children's motor skills (object control, locomotor, and gross motor). Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria: (1) Participants comprised 1708 children 3-12 years; (2) PA or exercise-based interventions were investigated; (3) only studies using a Test of Gross Motor Skills assessment were included; (4) RCT were chosen as the study design to assess the impact of PA interventions on children's motor skills; and (5) culture-based PA studies with English language only were included. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results: The results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with associated 95% credible intervals (CrIs). For object control, aerobic intervention (SMD 6.90, 95% Crl 1.39 to 13.50); for locomotor, exergaming intervention (SMD 12.50, 95% Crl 0.28 to 24.50); and for gross motor, aerobic intervention (SMD 7.49, 95% Crl 0.11 to 15.70) were the most effective treatments. Conclusion: Children's FMSs have been improved through different PA interventions. Among them, aerobic interventions seem to be the most effective intervention in enhancing object control skills and overall gross motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hassan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 208 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Methods and Curriculum, Physical Education College for Men, Helwan University, Cairo 12552, Egypt
| | - Wenxi Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daniel J. McDonough
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiwen Su
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zan Gao
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 208 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Paez J, Hurtado J, Reyes T, Abusleme R, Arroyo P, Oñate C. Relationship between Parents' Physical Activity Level and the Motor Development Level and BMI of Their Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159145. [PMID: 35897516 PMCID: PMC9332858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
All the variables that arise in family dynamics can have significant effects on the lives of children concerning their nutritional status and motor development. The objective of this study was to relate the PAL of parents to the level of motor development and the BMI of their children. A total of 198 subjects participated, with the age of the students ranging between 8 and 10 years. To measure the BMI, the norms for the nutritional evaluation of children and teenagers from 5 to 19 years were used; to identify the motor behaviors, the TGMD-2 Test was used; and to identify the level of physical activity of parents, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. For the analysis, the independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test (Wilcoxon) were used, and for the correlational analysis, Spearman’s rho test was applied. This study found no significant correlation between the activity level of parents and nutritional status variables (p = 0.162), or between the PAL variables of parents and the motor development of their children (p = 0.738). A parent’s level of physical activity does not have a direct relationship with the nutritional status or the motor development of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Paez
- Escuela Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 252000, Chile; (J.H.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Hurtado
- Escuela Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 252000, Chile; (J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Tomas Reyes
- Escuela Educación Física, Universidad Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Rosita Abusleme
- Escuela Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 252000, Chile; (J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Patricio Arroyo
- Escuela Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Oñate
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
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Motor Skill Competence Matters in Promoting Physical Activity and Health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9786368. [PMID: 35028311 PMCID: PMC8748756 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9786368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Through the Looking Glass: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Evidence, Providing New Insight for Motor Competence and Health. Sports Med 2021; 52:875-920. [PMID: 34463945 PMCID: PMC8938405 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In 2008, a conceptual model explaining the role of motor competence (MC) in children’s physical activity (PA), weight status, perceived MC and health-related fitness was published. Objective The purpose of the current review was to systematically compile mediation, longitudinal and experimental evidence in support of this conceptual model. Methods This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 28 April 2020) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Separate searches were undertaken for each pathway of interest (final search 8 November 2019) using CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Medline (OVID), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and SportDiscus. Potential articles were initially identified through abstract and title checking (N = 585) then screened further and combined into one review (n = 152), with 43 articles identified for extraction. Studies needed to be original and peer reviewed, include typically developing children and adolescents first assessed between 2 and 18 years and objective assessment of gross MC and at least one other variable (i.e., PA, weight status, perceived MC, health-related fitness). PA included sport participation, but sport-specific samples were excluded. Longitudinal or experimental designs and cross-sectional mediated models were sought. Strength of evidence was calculated for each pathway in both directions for each domain (i.e., skill composite, object control and locomotor/coordination/stability) by dividing the proportion of studies indicating a significantly positive pathway in the hypothesised direction by the total associations examined for that pathway. Classifications were no association (0–33%), indeterminate/inconsistent (34–59%), or a positive ‘+’ or negative ‘ − ’ association (≥ 60%). The latter category was classified as strong evidence (i.e., ++or −−) when four or more studies found an association. If the total number of studies in a domain of interest was three or fewer, this was considered insufficient evidence to make a determination. Results There was strong evidence in both directions for a negative association between MC and weight status. There was strong positive evidence for a pathway from MC to fitness and indeterminate evidence for the reverse. There was indeterminate evidence for a pathway from MC to PA and no evidence for the reverse pathway. There was insufficient evidence for the MC to perceived MC pathway. There was strong positive evidence for the fitness-mediated MC/PA pathway in both directions. There was indeterminate evidence for the perceived MC-mediated pathway from PA to MC and no evidence for the reverse. Conclusion Bidirectional longitudinal associations of MC with weight status are consistent with the model authored by Stodden et al. (Quest 2008;60(2):290–306, 2008). However, to test the whole model, the field needs robust longitudinal studies across childhood and adolescence that include all variables in the model, have multiple time points and account for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, experimental studies that examine change in MC relative to change in the other constructs are needed. Trial Registrations PROSPERO ID# CRD42020155799. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01516-8.
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Domínguez-Muñoz A, Carlos-Vivas J, Barrios-Fernandez S, Adsuar JC, Morenas-Martín J, Garcia-Gordillo MA, Domínguez-Muñoz FJ. Pedagogical Proposal of Tele-Exercise Based on "Square Stepping Exercise" in Preschoolers: Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168649. [PMID: 34444395 PMCID: PMC8391725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early childhood education aims to achieve the motor, cognitive, emotional, and social development of preschoolers by providing them with a variety of learning opportunities. The square-stepping exercise (SSE) is a balance and lower limb strength training programme used to prevent falls and stimulate cognitive function in older adults. This project aims to propose an SSE tele-exercise (Tele-SSE) protocol to evaluate its effects on the motor and cognitive development of children aged between 3 and 6 years. A randomized controlled trial with experimental (Tele-SSE) and control (general education) groups will be carried out. The application of Tele-SSE will be performed for 9 months (three times per week) and one additional follow-up after the intervention at the beginning of the next academic year. One-hundred and two preschoolers will be recruited and randomly distributed into the two groups: experimental (n = 51) and control (n = 51). Although the main outcome will be balance due to the nature of the SSE, outcomes will include physical and motor (body mass index, waist circumference, handgrip and lower-limb strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) and cognitive (executive functions and attention, episodic memory, and language assessment, using the Fitness Assessment in the Preschool Battery (PREFIT) and The National Institutes of Health Toolbox—Early Childhood Cognition Battery. This project aims to improve cognitive and motor skills in preschoolers aged between 3 and 6 years old, based on a 9-month Tele-SSE intervention. If this intervention proves to be effective, it could be implemented in those centres, entities and associations specializing in early childhood education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-V.); (S.B.-F.); Tel.: +34-927257460 (J.C.-V.); +34-927257450 (S.B.-F.)
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.-V.); (S.B.-F.); Tel.: +34-927257460 (J.C.-V.); +34-927257450 (S.B.-F.)
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Jesús Morenas-Martín
- Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | | | - Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
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Tian Y, Qi H, Wang G, Li L, Zhou D. Anticancer effect of sodium metavanadate on murine breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Biometals 2021; 34:557-571. [PMID: 33689084 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) exhibits important physiological effects including insulin-like, chemoprevention and anticancer activity. However, the effects of NaVO3 on breast cancer and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, our results revealed that NaVO3 was able to inhibit proliferation of murine breast cancer cells 4T1 with IC50 value of 8.19 μM and 1.92 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The mechanisms underlying the inhibition activity were that NaVO3 could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a concentration-dependent way, arrest cells at G2/M phase, diminish the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), finally promote the progress of apoptosis. Furthermore, NaVO3 also exhibited a dose-dependent anticancer activity in breast cancer-bearing mice that led to the shrinkage of tumor volume (about 50%), lower microvessel density, less propagating cells and more apoptotic cells in vivo, as compared to the saline group. Therefore, NaVO3 may act as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haihui Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dinglun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Bukvić Z, Ćirović D, Nikolić D. The importance of physical activity for the development of motor skills of younger school age children. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/mp72-31878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in the motor and psychological development in a pediatric population. The maturation of human motor skills is gradual over the time. It depends on several factors, including but not limited to: individual differences, health condition, quality of neuromuscular structures and stimulating factors. Research included in this review shows that different types of physical activity, including aerobic training, strength training, dance, yoga, and walking programs, improve mood and mental health. Aerobic physical activity has the greatest effect on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and stress. Habits related to the physical activity, acquired in childhood, can be maintained in adulthood, which contributes to the better health and quality of life. Extensive literature indicates that regular physical activity encourages growth and development and has multiple benefits for the mental, physical, cognitive and psychosocial health of children. Children capacities for exercise change in accordance within defined developmental periods. Young children are active at short intervals and their capacity for continuous activity increases as they grow and mature. The health benefits of sporadic exercise at a younger age are not well established, stressing the short-term benefits of physical activity for some aspects of cognitive and mental health, indicating that maximum benefit can be achieved by frequent bouts of exercise during the day.
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