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Zheng S, Xu L, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Hu L, Zheng S, Wang G, Wang T. General anesthesia combined with bilateral 2-level erector spinae plane block may accelerate postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and rehabilitation process in patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Surgery 2023; 174:647-653. [PMID: 37429768 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized controlled trial explored whether bilateral 2-level erector spinae plane block could accelerate postoperative gastrointestinal function and rehabilitation in patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery. METHODS A total of 80 adult patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery between March 2021 and August 2021 were randomized to either ultrasound-guided bilateral 2-level erector spinae plane block (group E) or not (group C). General anesthesia was routinely performed. The primary outcome was the time of the first flatus after surgery. We also recorded the first food and liquid intake, first off-bed activity, days of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Postoperative visual analog scale score and opioid consumption were also recorded. A venous blood sample was taken to measure the serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and blood glucose before induction of anesthesia, immediately after, and 24 and 48 hours after surgery. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients, 39 in group C and 38 in group E, finished the trial. Patients in group E had a significantly shorter time to first flatus (16.2 ± 3.2 vs 19.7 ± 3.0 hours, P < .05), earlier liquid intake (1.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.9 ± 0.3 hours, P < .05), earlier food intake (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 2.1 ± 0.3 hours, P < .05), and first off-bed activity (27.9 ± 3.2 vs 31.4 ± 3.3 h, P < .05). Patients in group E had shorter postoperative hospital stay (4.6 [4.2-5.5] d vs 5.4 [4.5-6.3], P < .05). We found that patients in group E had less pain and total sufentanil consumption (129 [120-133] vs 138 [132-147] μg, P < .05) within 24 hours after surgery. At 24 hours after surgery, the serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in group E were significantly decreased compared to group C (P < .05). CONCLUSION Bilateral 2-level erector spinae plane block can accelerate gastrointestinal function recovery and shorten the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery. The potential mechanism may attribute to the opioids-sparing effects and anti-stress-related anti-inflammatory effects of bilateral 2-level erector spinae plane block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Yaoping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Jin J, Zhu J, Tang J. The impact of antimicrobial management by clinical pharmacists in obstetrics and gynecology on antimicrobial indicators, bacterial resistance and drug costs from 2011 to 2021 in China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16851. [PMID: 37389079 PMCID: PMC10300213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goal of our study is to analyze the effectiveness and role of clinical pharmacists in antibiotic management through retrospective research from 2011 to 2021, depending on the current scenario of the antibiotic application in China. Methods We formed a team of pharmacists to carry out multifaceted intervention measures, such as forming a working group, developing a plan, establishing management rules via the pre-trial system, prescription comments, collaborating with the administrative department, implementing training and publicity, and so on. Antibiotic use was studied, bacterial drug resistance was determined, and antibiotic costs were computed. Results The pharmacist intervention and rectification of inappropriate antibacterial drug orders considerably enhanced the rational use rate of antibiotics and reduced the cost of antibiotics. Antibiotic use in clean surgery decreased from 90.22% to 11.14%, the use rate of antibiotics decreased from 63.82% to 30.26%, and antibiotic use intensity decreased from 42.75DDDs to 30.04DDDs. The types, timing, and course of antibacterials used in wards were all improved to varying degrees. Bacterial drug resistance improved noticeably, with resistance of Escherichia coli to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and carbapenems decreased in varying degrees. The use of antibacterial drugs has decreased significantly. Conclusions It is feasible and effective for pharmacists in gynecology and obstetrics to control antibiotic use, which plays a positive role in promoting the safe, effective, and cost-effective use of antibiotics and serves as a valuable reference for the antibiotic management.
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Wang SS, Xu HY, Li XX, Feng SW. Effect of non-mechanical bowel preparation on postoperative gastrointestinal recovery following surgery on malignant gynecological tumors: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 64:102320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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AUGS-IUGA Joint clinical consensus statement on enhanced recovery after urogynecologic surgery. Int Urogynecol J 2022; 33:2921-2940. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID. Mechanical Bowel Preparation Can Be Omitted in the Modern Era of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery and ERAS Pathways. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1609. [PMID: 35695239 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Iavazzo
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Gkegkes
- Athens Colorectal Laboratory, Athens, Greece.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Chu L, Liang J, Wu S, Jin X, Li H, Tong X. Comparative evaluation of enema alone and in combination with oral polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation before transvaginal pelvic floor reconstruction in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2406-2410. [PMID: 35666941 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2069002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the value of using an enema alone for mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before transvaginal pelvic floor reconstruction (TPFR) in patients ≥65 years old. In total, 190 patients were included [81 in the enema group vs. 109 in the enema + polyethylene glycol (PEG) group]. The levels of serum potassium (p = .004) and calcium (p = .005) were higher in the enema group after surgery. The decrease in serum calcium was more significant in the enema + PEG group (p = .027). More patients in the enema + PEG group developed hypokalaemia (p = .035) or hypocalcaemia (p = .008) after surgery. The incidence of thrombus and surgical site infection was similar and earlier bowel movement was evident in the enema group (p = .000). Overall, the enema group used more laxatives (p = .026). Using enema alone before TPFR reduces the incidence of electrolyte disturbances with no increase in surgical complications in elderly patients.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? TPFR is an effective treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in elderly women. Bowel preparation performed before gynecological surgery can reduce surgical site infection, but increase discomfort and electrolyte disturbance.What do the results of this study add? The levels of serum potassium and calcium were lower in the enema + PEG group than in the enema group after surgery and more patients developed hypokalaemia or hypocalcaemia in the enema + PEG group. The incidence of thrombus and surgical site infection was similar between the two groups. Bowel movement was earlier in the enema group.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? Using enema alone before TPFR reduces the incidence of electrolyte disturbance and does not increase surgical complications. This conclusion needs to be confirmed by random controlled trial studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaifang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Seaman SJ, Han E, Arora C, Kim JH. Surgical site infections in gynecology: the latest evidence for prevention and management. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 33:296-304. [PMID: 34148977 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Surgical site infection (SSI) remains one of the most common postoperative surgical complications. Prevention and appropriate treatment remain paramount. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence-based recommendations include recognition and reduction of preoperative risks including hyperglycemia and smoking, treatment of preexisting infections, skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate, proper use of preoperative antibiotics, and implementation of prevention bundles. Consideration should be given to the use of dual antibiotic preoperative treatment with cephazolin and metronidazole for all hysterectomies. SUMMARY Despite advancements, SSI in gynecologic surgery remains a major cause of perioperative morbidity and healthcare cost. Modifiable risk factors should be evaluated and patients optimized to the best extent possible prior to surgery. Preoperative risks include obesity, hyperglycemia, smoking, and untreated preexisting infections. Intraoperative risk-reducing strategies include appropriate perioperative antibiotics, correct topical preparation, maintaining normothermia, and minimizing blood loss. Additionally, early recognition and prompt treatment of SSI remain crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J Seaman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
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Ju YU, Min BW. A Review of Bowel Preparation Before Colorectal Surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2021; 37:75-84. [PMID: 32674551 PMCID: PMC8134921 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious complications are the biggest problem during bowel surgery, and one of the approaches to minimize them is the bowel cleaning method. It was expected that bowel cleaning could facilitate bowel manipulation as well as prevent infectious complications and further reduce anastomotic leakage. In the past, with the development of antibiotics, bowel cleaning and oral antibiotics (OA) were used together. However, with the success of emergency surgery and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, bowel cleaning was not routinely performed. Consequently, bowel cleaning using OA was gradually no longer used. Recently, there have been reports that only bowel cleaning is not helpful in reducing infectious complications such as surgical site infection (SSI) compared to OA and bowel cleaning. Accordingly, in order to reduce SSI, guidelines are changing the trend of only intestinal cleaning. However, a consistent regimen has not yet been established, and there is still controversy depending on the location of the lesion and the surgical method. Moreover, complications such as Clostridium difficile infection have not been clearly analyzed. In the present review, we considered the overall bowel preparation trends and identified the areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Uk Ju
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Wook Min
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Diakosavvas M, Thomakos N, Haidopoulos D, Liontos M, Rodolakis A. Controversies in preoperative bowel preparation in gynecologic and gynecologic oncology surgery: a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:1049-1061. [PMID: 32740871 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to assess the impact of mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation on surgical performance and to investigate their role before gynecologic surgical procedures regarding the infection rates. We also aim to study the updated evidence regarding the use of these different types of bowel preparation, as well as the current preoperative practice applied. METHODS An extensive search of the literature was conducted with Medline/PubMed, and the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews being used for our primary search. RESULTS To date, due to the conflicting guidelines by the scientific societies, surgeons do not use a specific pattern of bowel preparation regimen. There are no strong evidence supporting mechanical bowel preparation, but instead, in many cases, patients' adverse effects, both physiological and psychological have been noted. On the other hand, the combined use of oral antibiotic and mechanical bowel preparation has been proven beneficial in colorectal surgery in reducing postoperative morbidities. CONCLUSION Based on current literature, in gynecologic surgeries with minimal probability of intraluminal entry, a regimen without any bowel preparation should be applied. The combined administration of both mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation, or even the use of the oral antibiotics alone, should be preserved for cases of increased complexity, where bowel involvement is highly anticipated, such as in gynecologic oncology, as stated in the ERAS protocols. Nonetheless, further research specific to gynecologic surgery is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Diakosavvas
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Thomakos
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Haidopoulos
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rodolakis
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
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