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Maueia C, Murahwa A, Manjate A, Sacarlal J, Kenga D, Unemo M, Andersson S, Mussá T, Williamson AL. The relationship between selected sexually transmitted pathogens, HPV and HIV infection status in women presenting with gynaecological symptoms in Maputo City, Mozambique. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307781. [PMID: 39240843 PMCID: PMC11379191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are four currently curable STIs. However, most STI cases are asymptomatic and not detected without laboratory diagnostics. Hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are four viral and incurable infections, but they can be mitigated by treatment. We investigated the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted pathogens and their relationship with HPV and HIV infection in women from Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 non-pregnant women seeking health care relating to gynecological symptoms in Mavalane Health facilities in Maputo, between the 1st of February 2018 and the 30th of July 2019. Cervical brush samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Selected STIs including HPV were detected using multiplex STD and HPV Direct Flow Chip Kits through a manual Hybrispot platform (Vitro, Master Diagnostica, Sevilla, Spain). HIV testing was performed using rapid tests: Determine HIV 1/2 test (Alere Abbott Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) for screening, and UniGold HIV (Trinity Biotech, Ireland) for confirmation. All women (n = 233) were negative for Haemophilus ducreyi and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1). Among the 233 women, a high prevalence of STIs was found (89%), 63% of the women were positive for HPV and 24% were HIV positive. Treponema pallidum (TP), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were detected in 17%, 14%, 8%, and 8% of the women, respectively. As a common phenomenon, vaginal discharge (90%) was the lower genital tract symptom reported by the majority of the women. Co-infection with any STI and HPV was detected in 56% (130/233) while 45% (59/130) of the co-infections were with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. Among the HPV-positive participants, infection by TP was the most prevalent (27%). In total, 28% (66/233) of the participants were positive for any hrHPV genotypes. Co-infection with any STI and HIV was found in 15% (34/233) of the study participants. There was a significant association between HPV infection and TP (p = 0.039) and HSV-2 (p = 0.005). TV, TP, and CT-S1-CT-S2 positivity were significantly more prevalent in HIV-positive participants. Pathobionts Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected in 84.0% (195/233) and 45% (105/233), respectively. This present study describes a high prevalence of STIs. Co-infection between HPV and STIs was found in the majority of the study subjects. The high prevalence of HPV emphasizes the need for HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer in this population. Management of STIs is also important in women presenting with gynecological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cremildo Maueia
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alltalents Murahwa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alice Manjate
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Darlene Kenga
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Magnus Unemo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sören Andersson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit for Vaccination Programs, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Rizzo A, Moschese D, Salari F, Giacomelli A, Cavallo A, Cossu MV, Morelli L, Fusetti C, Carrozzo G, Reato S, Micheli V, Antinori S, Lombardi A, Gori A, Gismondo MR. Anal HPV prevalence in individuals with and without other concomitant sexually transmitted infections. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29852. [PMID: 39166456 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in anal lesions still remains unclear. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of simultaneous infection of HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis in individuals screened for HPV anal infection. A total of 507 anal samples were tested for both anal HPV and STIs: 16% resulted positive for one or more non-HPV STIs. Specifically, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, and N. gonorrhoeae were detected in 8%, 5%, and 4% of cases, respectively. Two groups were considered, including a positive STI group and a negative STI group. The prevalence of HPV was similar in patients in both groups: high risk (HR)-HPV and low risk (LR)-HPV were 67% and 53% versus 62% (p = 0.361) and 54% (p = 0.864) of patients, respectively. However, HPV 16, 18, 35, 51, 59, and 69 were significantly more frequent in patients tested positive for other STIs versus HPV infection alone (p < 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed in vaccination coverage, 28% versus 32% (p = 0.463), and HIV status, 86% versus 84% (p = 0.658). The study shows that the overall HPV status is not directly correlated to other STIs in the investigated population, except for certain HPV types, including HR-HPV 16, reinforcing the urge for a greater vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rizzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Moschese
- I Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cossu
- I Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Loriana Morelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fusetti
- I Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Carrozzo
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Reato
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Micheli
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lombardi
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Gismondo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Azadehrah M, Azadehrah M, Zeinali F, Nokhostin F. Prevalence of Trichomonas Infection in Relation to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Pap Smear Samples of Female Patients Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd (Iran). Cureus 2024; 16:e57701. [PMID: 38711704 PMCID: PMC11070897 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections have been proposed as risk factors for cervical cancer. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of TV and its relationship with HPV in women who underwent Pap smear testing as part of cancer screenings. Materials and methods The sampling of liquid-based cervical tissue was conducted among 500 women referred to the women's clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. The studied samples were examined for Pap smear tests and microscopic identification of TV, as well as HPV-DNA detection and the determination of high-risk and low-risk HPV types by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) software. Results The individuals included in the study were 16-72 years old. The prevalence rate of TV infection in this population was found to be 29.2%, and the frequency rate of HPV was reported to be approximately 19.4%, with high-risk HPV, including HPV-56, having the highest frequency. The Pap smear test results were reported as abnormal in 20.2%, and a significant correlation was observed between HPV infection and an abnormal Pap smear test (P < 0.05). In addition, a notable correlation was detected between TV infection and high-risk and low-risk HPV (P < 0.05). Conclusion According to the significant relationship found between the two pathogens, TV and HPV, in the abnormal Pap smear test results, TV infection can be considered a risk factor for HPV infection, as well as uterine lesions and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | - Mahboobeh Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IRN
| | - Fahimeh Nokhostin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IRN
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A D, Li J, Zhang D, Xiao B, Bi H. Status of common sexually transmitted infection in population referred for colposcopy and correlation with human papillomavirus infection. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:579. [PMID: 37940891 PMCID: PMC10634156 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the association of STI/human papillomavirus co-infection in young and middle-aged women with previous abnormal cervical findings referred for colposcopy. METHODS 719 cervical-swab cytobrush specimens were obtained from women aged ≤ 50 years who were referred for colposcopy at Peking University First Hospital due to previous abnormal cervical findings. HPV 21 typing and a panel of pathogenic STIs were tested for using the 21 HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Kit (HBGA-21PKG; HybriBio, Ltd., Chaozhou, China) and a nucleic acid STI detection kit (HybriBio Ltd. Guangzhou, China), after which colposcopy with multipoint positioning biopsy was performed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of STIs among HPV positive women with previous abnormal cervical cancer screening results was 63.7% (458/719), with Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3, Ureaplasma parvum serovar 6 and herpes simplex virus type 2 having significantly higher prevalence among high-risk HPV positive patients (19.3%, Χ2 = 5.725, P = 0.018; 21.5%, Χ2 = 4.439, P = 0.035; 5.7%, Χ2 = 4.184, P = 0.048). Among patients positive for the high-risk human papillomavirus, the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in human papillomavirus 16/18 positive patients was significantly higher than that in other patients (2.5%, Χ2 = 4.675; P = 0.043). Histopathologically, Chlamydia trachomatis infection was more frequently detected in lower than or equal to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion infection status (13.0%, Χ2 = 3.368; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of HPV coinfection with other sexually transmitted pathogens, particularly Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3, Ureaplasma parvum serovar 6, and herpes simplex virus type 2, calls for routine STI screening and effective STI prevention and management in patients with abnormal cervical cancer screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disi A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Hamar B, Teutsch B, Hoffmann E, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Nyirády P, Hunka Z, Ács N, Lintner B, Hermánné RJ, Melczer Z. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with increased risk of cervical carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 470 000 patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:31-43. [PMID: 37010897 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women and has been suggested as a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between T. vaginalis infection and cervical carcinogenesis. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in five databases on 21 October 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies assessing the relationship between T. vaginalis infection, HPV co-infections, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer were found eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Summary estimates for pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was measured with I2 and Cochran's Q tests. MAIN RESULTS The 29 articles included 473 740 women, of whom 8518 were T. vaginalis-positive. Our results showed that T. vaginalis-infected women had 1.79 times higher odds of being diagnosed with HPV co-infection (95% CI 1.27-2.53; I2 95%). We also found that T. vaginalis infection was associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion diagnosis (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.10-4.95; I2 75%) and cervical cancer (OR 5.23, 95% CI 3.03-9.04; I2 3%). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between T. vaginalis and cervical carcinogenesis in sexually active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Hamar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Teutsch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hoffmann
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Hunka
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lintner
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Melczer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Feng N, Ezechi O, Uwandu M, Abimbola BS, Vincent GD, Idigbe I, Okoli LC, Adesina M, Okwuzu J, Ahmed RA, Sokei J, Shaibu JO, Momoh AE, Sowunmi O, Labo-Popoola OH, Ohihoin G, David A, Nzeribe E, Olaleye O, Dong XP, Onwuamah CK. Self-collected versus medic-collected sampling for human papillomavirus testing among women in Lagos, Nigeria: a comparative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1922. [PMID: 36243709 PMCID: PMC9569041 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and performance of self-collected vaginal swab samples for HPV screening among women in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was implemented from March to August 2020 among sexually active women. Study participants provided same-day paired vaginal swab samples. Medic-sampling and poster-directed self-sampling methods were used to collect the two samples per participant. A real-time PCR assay detected HPV 16, HPV 18, other-high-risk (OHR) HPV, and the human β-globin gene. The self-collected samples' sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined against the medic-collected samples using the MedCalc Online Diagnostic Calculator. RESULTS Of the 213 women aged 16 ~ 63-year-old recruited, 187 (88%) participants had concordant results, while 26 (12%) participants had discordant results. Among the 187 concordant results, 35 (19%) were HPV positive, 150 (80%) participants were HPV negative, and two (1%) were invalid. 18 (69%) out of the 26 discordant samples were invalid. The self-collected sample was invalid for 14 (54%) participants. Two (8%) medic-collected samples were invalid. Compared to the medic-collected sample, the self-collected sample was 89.80% (95% CI: 77.77 ~ 96.60%) sensitive and 98.21% (95% CI: 94.87 ~ 99.63%) specific, with an accuracy of 96.31% (95% CI: 92.87 ~ 98.40%). The mean age for HPV positive and negative participants were 39 and 40, respectively, with an ANOVA p-value of 0.3932. The stratification of HPV infection by the age group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS With high accuracy of 96%, self-collected sampling is adequate when tested with real-time PCR and may increase the uptake of HPV testing. Though more self-collected samples were invalid than medic-collected samples, most likely due to poor collection, they could be identified for repeat testing. Future implementation can avoid this error with improved guidance and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Feng
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mabel Uwandu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bowofoluwa Sharon Abimbola
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Grace Deborah Vincent
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Leona Chika Okoli
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mary Adesina
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jane Okwuzu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Rahaman Ademolu Ahmed
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Judith Sokei
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi Esther Momoh
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omowunmi Sowunmi
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olaoniye Habeebat Labo-Popoola
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Greg Ohihoin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Agatha David
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Emily Nzeribe
- Federal Medical Centre, 105 Orlu Road, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Chika Kingsley Onwuamah
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Tiiti TA, Bogers J, Lebelo RL. Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer among Women Attending Gynecology Clinics in Pretoria, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074210. [PMID: 35409892 PMCID: PMC8998542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Worldwide, knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer among women is reported to be inadequate. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of HPV and cervical cancer among women attending gynecology clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. The study also intended to identify socio-demographic factors influencing women’s knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer risk factors. Methods: This was a clinic-based analytic cross-sectional study conducted among women aged 18 years and older. Participants were enrolled in the clinic waiting rooms while waiting to be attended to by the clinician. A self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and risk factors for developing cervical cancer was distributed to the participants. Results: A total of 527 women aged ≥18 years and older were randomly enrolled with a 99.8% response rate. Less than half (47.1%) of the participants had been previously screened for cervical cancer using a Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Few (18.8%) women correctly mentioned cervical cancer risk factors. Unemployed women were less likely to have correct knowledge of cervical cancer causes/risk factors (OR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.40–0.97) compared to employed women. Divorced/separated/widowed women were more likely to have good HPV knowledge compared to single participants (OR: 2.74; 95% CI 1.46–5.15). Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that cervical cancer screening is very low, and women lack knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer disease symptoms and its risk factors. There is a need for policies to prioritize providing accurate information to the public to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teboho Amelia Tiiti
- Department of Virological Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium (AML), Sonic Healthcare, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Ramokone Lisbeth Lebelo
- Department of Virological Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Virological Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunization Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-1521-3038
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Kato I, Zhang J, Sun J. Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:425. [PMID: 35053587 PMCID: PMC8773491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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