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Duarte M, Pedrosa SS, Khusial PR, Madureira AR. Exploring the interplay between stress mediators and skin microbiota in shaping age-related hallmarks: A review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111956. [PMID: 38906383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - P Raaj Khusial
- Amyris Biotech INC, 5885 Hollis St Ste 100, Emeryville, CA 94608-2405, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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Sharma S, Chawla S, Kumar P, Ahmad R, Kumar Verma P. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) Paradigm: Bridging the gap in depression research from bench to bedside. Brain Res 2024; 1843:149123. [PMID: 39025397 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a complicated neuropsychiatric condition with an incompletely understoodetiology, making the discovery of effective therapies challenging. Animal models have been crucial in improving our understanding of depression and enabling antidepressant medication development. The CUMS model has significant face validity since it induces fundamental depression symptoms in humans, such as anhedonia, behavioral despair, anxiety, cognitive impairments, and changes in sleep, food, and social behavior. Its construct validity is demonstrated by the dysregulation of neurobiological systems involved in depression, including monoaminergic neurotransmission, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammatory processes, and structural brain alterations. Critically, the model's predictive validity is demonstrated by the reversal of CUMS-induced deficits following treatment with clinically effective antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This review comprehensivelyassesses the multifarious depressive-like phenotypes in the CUMS model using behavioral paradigms like sucrose preference, forced swim, tail suspension, elevated plus maze, and novel object recognition tests. It investigates the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie CUMS-induced behaviors, including signaling pathways involving tumor necrosis factor-alpha, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB, cyclooxygenase-2, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, and the kynurenine pathway. This review emphasizes the CUMS model's importance as a translationally relevant tool for unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying depression and facilitating the development of improved and targeted interventions for this debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder by providing a comprehensive overview of its validity, behavioral assessments, and neurobiological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmaceuticalEducation & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Chawla
- Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmaceuticalEducation & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prabhakar Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
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Feng L, Wang H, Chen C, Fu J, Zhao L, Zhao X, Geng M, Ren M, Tong L, Li Y, Gu J, Wang C. MKP1 may be involved in the occurrence of depression by regulating hippocampal autophagy in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114962. [PMID: 38499157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP1) is upregulated in the hippocampus of patients with depression, while pharmacological inhibition of hippocampal MKP1 can mitigate depression-like behaviors in rodents. In addition, MAPK signaling regulates autophagy, and antidepressants were recently shown to target autophagic signaling pathways. We speculated that MKP1 contributes to depression by enhancing hippocampal autophagy through dephosphorylation of the MAPK isoform ERK1/2. METHODS We established a rat depression model by exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and then examined depression-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) as well as expression changes in hippocampal MKP1, ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and autophagy-related proteins LC3II by Western blotting and immunostaining. These same measurements were repeated in rats exposed to CUMS following hippocampal infusion of a MKP1-targeted shRNA. Finally, the effects of MKP1 expression level on autophagy we examined in rat GMI-R1 microglia. RESULTS CUMS-exposed rats demonstrated anhedonia in the SPT and helplessness in the FST, two core depression-like behaviors. Expression levels of MKP1 and LC3II were upregulated in the hippocampus of CUMS rats, suggesting enhanced autophagy, while pERK/ERK was downregulated. Knockdown of hippocampal MKP1 mitigated depression-like behaviors, downregulated hippocampal LC3II expression, and upregulated hippocampal pERK/ERK. Similarly, MKP1 knockdown in GMI-R1 cells upregulated pERK/ERK and reduced the number of LC3II autophagosomes, while MKP1 overexpression had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION Enhanced hippocampal autophagy via MKP1-mediated ERK dephosphorylation may contribute to the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laipeng Feng
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiacheng Fu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengjun Geng
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengdi Ren
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lidan Tong
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Gu
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Gan H, Ma Q, Hao W, Yang N, Chen ZS, Deng L, Chen J. Targeting autophagy to counteract neuroinflammation: A novel antidepressant strategy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107112. [PMID: 38403256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common disease that affects physical and mental health and imposes a considerable burden on afflicted individuals and their families worldwide. Depression is associated with a high rate of disability and suicide. It causes a severe decline in productivity and quality of life. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression have not been fully elucidated, and the risk of its treatment is still presented. Studies have shown that the expression of autophagic markers in the brain and peripheral inflammatory mediators are dysregulated in depression. Autophagy-related genes regulate the level of autophagy and change the inflammatory response in depression. Depression is related to several aspects of immunity. The regulation of the immune system and inflammation by autophagy may lead to the development or deterioration of mental disorders. This review highlights the role of autophagy and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of depression, sumaries the autophagy-targeting small moleculars, and discusses a novel therapeutic strategy based on anti-inflammatory mechanisms that target autophagy to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nating Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Di X, Wan M, Bai YN, Lu F, Zhao M, Zhang Z, Li Y. Exploring the mechanism of Icariin in the treatment of depression through BDNF-TrkB pathway based on network pharmacology. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:463-478. [PMID: 37470804 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression has increasingly become a disease that seriously harms people's mental health around the world. Icariin is the main active component of Epimedii Herba and effective on protecting the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of icariin against depression based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The potential targets related to icariin and depression were obtained by accessing network databases. The Metascape database was used for the enrichment analysis of GO function and KEGG pathways. A common target-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. Schrödinger Maestro 12.8 was adopted to evaluate the binding ability of icariin to core targets. Mice were induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, and the prediction results of this study were verified by in vivo experiments. A total of 109 and 3294 targets were identified in icariin and depression, respectively. The common target-pathway network was constructed, and 7 core target genes were obtained. The molecular docking results of the 7 core target genes with icariin showed good affinity. In a CUMS-induced depression model, we found that icariin could effectively improve depression-like behavior of mice, increase the expression of monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, decrease the secretion of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, and upregulate the relative expression levels of BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB, p-Akt/Akt, p-CREB/CREB, MAPK3, MAPK1, Bcl-2, EGFR, and mTOR. The results suggest that icariin has certain antidepressant effects, and may be mediated by the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. It provides new ideas for the treatment of depression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Di
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meiyu Wan
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fengjuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, China.
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Li Y, Yang H, Zhao P, Yang J, Yao C, Zhou C, Yang C, Sun X, Li S, Li J. Autophagy markers, cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:73-81. [PMID: 37801108 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationships between autophagy and PD or depression have been documented. However, no studies explored the role of autophagy markers associated with depressive symptoms in PD. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between autophagy markers, cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms in PD patients. A total of 163 PD patients aged 50-80 years were recruited. Plasma concentrations of autophagy markers (LC3-I, LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1) and glycolipid parameters were measured. Depressive symptoms, cognitive impairments, and motor function were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III), respectively. There were no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed PD patients for LC3-I, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62/SQSTM1. After controlling confounding variables, LC3-II/LC3-I showed an independent relationship with depressive symptoms in PD patients (Beta = 10.082, t = 2.483, p = 0.014). Moreover, in depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with MoCA score (Beta = - 0.002, t = - 2.380, p = 0.020); Further, p62/SQSTM1 was related to naming ability; in addition, p62/SQSTM1 was independently associated with delayed recall (Beta = - 0.001, t = - 2.452, p = 0.017). LC3-II/LC3-I was related to depressive symptoms in PD patients. In depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with cognitive function, especially naming ability and delayed recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hechao Yang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Jiang C, Wang C, Qu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Wei X, Wang M, He Q, Wang Y, Yuan L, Gao Y. Cherry leaf decoction inhibits NMDAR expression and thereby ameliorates CUMS- induced depression-like behaviors through downregulation of α2δ-1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21743. [PMID: 38034773 PMCID: PMC10681947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex and prevalent mental illness. Cherry leaf is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has confirmed to exert a certain antidepressant effect, but its potential neural regulation mechanism is not clear. This paper aims to investigate the improved action of cherry leaf decoction (CLD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and its potential neural regulation mechanism by verifying the role and function of NMDAR regulatory target α2δ-1 in depression due to CUMS. Male SD rats were subjected to random stressors persisting for 5 weeks to establish the CUMS depression rat model. CLD could effectively alleviate depression-like behaviors of CUMS rats in behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. After the administration of the CLD, the expression of corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus was inhibited. Moreover, the levels of CRH, adrenal cortical hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in serum also decreased significantly. CUMS upregulated the expressions of α2δ-1, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), NR2A and NR2B, and enhanced the binding ability to of α2δ-1 and NR1, which were reversed by CLD. The results demonstrated that CLD could ameliorate depression-like behaviors due to CUMS, which was related to the fact that CLD down-regulated α2δ-1 level and interfered with α2δ-1 binding to NR1, thereby reducing NMDAR expression and ultimately inhibiting HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yuan
- Department of Humanities and Management, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Xu W, Gao W, Guo Y, Xue F, Di L, Fang S, Fan L, He Y, Zhou Y, Xie X, Pang X. Targeting mitophagy for depression amelioration: a novel therapeutic strategy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1235241. [PMID: 37869512 PMCID: PMC10587558 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1235241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a global psychiatric condition characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, which seriously jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of affected individuals. While various hypotheses have been proposed to explicate the etiology of depression, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment of this disorder remain elusive. Mitochondria, as the primary organelles responsible for cellular energy production, possess the ability to meet the essential energy demands of the brain. Research indicated that the accumulation of damaged mitochondria is associated with the onset of depression. Mitophagy, a type of cellular autophagy, specifically targets and removes excess or damaged mitochondria. Emerging evidence demonstrated that mitophagy dysfunction was involved in the progression of depression, and several pharmacological interventions that stimulating mitophagy exerted excellent antidepressant actions. We provided an overview of updated advancements on the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy and the mitophagy abnormality in depressed patients and animals, as well as in cell models of depression. Meanwhile, various therapeutic strategies to restore mitophagy for depression alleviation were also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiping Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yukun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lulu Di
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaojie Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangyang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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9
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Choi EY, Han EJ, Jeon SJ, Lee SW, Moon JM, Jung SH, Jung JY. Piperlongumine Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy via the MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Oral Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2442. [PMID: 37760883 PMCID: PMC10525218 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a malignant tumor that primarily affects areas such as the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, salivary gland, and gingiva and has a very high malignancy. Piperlongumine (PL), isolated from long pepper (Piper longum L.), is a natural alkaloid with pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The effect and mechanism of PL in oral cancer cell lines has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of anticancer effects of PL in the human oral cancer cell lines MC-3 and HSC-4 in vitro. This study demonstrated that PL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in human oral cancer cell lines, which was confirmed by the levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins through Western blotting. Moreover, the pharmacological blockade of autophagy activation by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an autophagy inhibitor, significantly improved PL-induced apoptosis in MC-3 cells, suggesting a cytoprotective effect. In addition, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway contributed to PL-induced apoptosis. Collectively, the study suggested that combining an autophagy inhibitor with PL treatment can exert effective anticancer properties in oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy via the JNK-mediated MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Eun-Ji Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jun-Mo Moon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.C.); (E.-J.H.); (S.-J.J.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-M.M.); (S.-H.J.)
- Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun 32439, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Wu C, Lv Q, Li M, Ren L. Targeting Mitochondrial Homeostasis: The Role of Acupuncture in Depression Treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1741-1753. [PMID: 37546517 PMCID: PMC10404048 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s421540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and a range of physical and cognitive symptoms. It affects people of all ages and can significantly impact their daily functioning and quality of life. Mitochondrial homeostasis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Mitochondrial homeostasis includes mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. The regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis is the key link in the prevention and treatment of depression. Methods In this article, we focus on the core link of depression-mitochondrial homeostasis and summarize the research progress of acupuncture targeting mitochondrial homeostasis in the treatment of depression in recent years, so as to provide ideas and experimental basis for the research and formulation of more appropriate depression treatment strategies. Results Acupuncture has been found to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis (by modulating mitochondrial autophagy, reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial fission, inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, and maintaining mitochondrial dynamics), alleviate depression-like behavior, and regulate signal pathways and key proteins. Conclusion Here, we highlight the role of acupuncture in the treatment of depression. A comprehensive exploration of the impact of acupuncture on mitochondrial homeostasis could potentially present a novel mechanism for treating depression and offer fresh perspectives for the treatment of patients with clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Wu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Lv
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Ren
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Disorders Research Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Zeng D, Shi Y, Li S, Xu F, Zhu W, Li H, He S, Yuan Q. miR-124 Exacerbates depressive-like behavior by targeting Ezh2 to induce autophagy. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:131-140. [PMID: 36752339 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous research, miR-124 and autophagy have been shown to be associated with depression and antidepressant treatment, respectively. However, whether miR-124 is involved in depressive-like behavior and antidepressant efficacy through regulating autophagy remains poorly understood. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model in mice was established, and then intraperitoneal fluoxetine injections (10 mg/kg) were administered for a duration of 4 weeks. The behavioral changes induced by CUMS were evaluated by the tail suspension test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and elevated plus maze test. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect expression levels of miR-124 and its three precursor genes in hippocampus of mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Ezh2 and autophagy proteins (P62, Atg3, Atg7, LC3-I, and LC3- II) in hippocampus of mice. Depression-like behaviors were successfully induced in CUMS models and reversed by SSRI treatments. The expression levels of miR-124 and its precursor gene ( miR-124-3 ) were significantly increased in the hippocampus of CUMS mice, while the expression levels were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of fluoxetine treatment. The mRNA and protein expressions of Ezh2, a validated target of miR-124, were decreased in the hippocampus of CUMS mice, and the fluoxetine treatment could reverse the expressions. A correlation analysis suggested that miR-124 had a significant negative correlation with Ezh2 mRNA expression. The protein levels of LC3-II/I, P62, and Atg7, which were found to be regulated by Ezh2, were increased in the hippocampus of CUMS mice and decreased after fluoxetine treatment. We speculated that autophagy was enhanced in the CUMS model of depression and might be mediated by miR-124 targeting Ezh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Feikang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Huafang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Qianfa Yuan
- Mental Health Research Office, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021206. [PMID: 36674721 PMCID: PMC9862442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho (KL) is a glycosyl hydrolase and aging-suppressor gene. Stress is a risk factor for depression and anxiety, which are highly comorbid with each other. The aim of this study is to determine whether KL is regulated by estrogen and plays an important role in sex differences in stress resilience. Our results showed that KL is regulated by estrogen in rat hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro and is essential for the estrogen-mediated increase in the number of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)-positive clusters on the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. The role of KL in sex differences in stress response was examined in rats using 3-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS produced a deficit in spatial learning and memory, anhedonic-like behaviors, and anxiety-like behaviors in male but not female rats, which was accompanied by a reduction in KL protein levels in the hippocampus of male but not female rats. This demonstrated the resilience of female rats to CUMS. Interestingly, the knockdown of KL protein levels in the rat hippocampus of both sexes caused a decrease in stress resilience in both sexes, especially in female rats. These results suggest that the regulation of KL by estrogen plays an important role in estrogen-mediated synapse formation and that KL plays a critical role in the sex differences in cognitive deficit, anhedonic-like behaviors, and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic stress in rats, highlighting an important role of KL in sex differences in stress resilience.
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Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Li J, Abokyi S, Chan JNM, Ngai SPC, Lau BWM. In vitro methods in autophagy research: Applications in neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1168948. [PMID: 37122628 PMCID: PMC10130388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a conserved physiological intracellular mechanism responsible for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents (e.g., damaged organelles, and protein aggregates) to maintain cell homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD), and recently aberrant autophagy has been associated with mood disorders, such as depression. Several in vitro methods have been developed to study the complex and tightly regulated mechanisms of autophagy. In vitro methods applied to autophagy research are used to identify molecular key players involved in dysfunctional autophagy and to screen autophagy regulators with therapeutic applications in neurological diseases and mood disorders. Therefore, the aims of this narrative review are (1) to compile information on the cell-based methods used in autophagy research, (2) to discuss their application, and (3) to create a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro methods applied in neurodegenerative diseases and depression. Methods Pubmed and Google Scholar were used to retrieve relevant in vitro studies on autophagy mechanisms in neurological diseases and depression using a combination of search terms per mechanism and disease (e.g., "macroautophagy" and "Alzheimer's disease"). A total of 37 studies were included (14 in PD, 8 in AD, 5 in ALS, 5 in %, and 5 in depression). Results A repertoire of traditional and novel approaches and techniques was compiled and discussed. The methods used in autophagy research focused on the mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The in vitro tools presented in this review can be applied to explore pathophysiological mechanisms at a molecular level and to screen for potential therapeutic agents and their mechanism of action, which can be of great importance to understanding disease biology and potential therapeutic options in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and depression. Conclusion This is the first review to compile, discuss, and provide a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro models applied to neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña, ;
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Pui-Ching Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang K, Wang F, Zhai M, He M, Hu Y, Feng L, Li Y, Yang J, Wu C. Hyperactive neuronal autophagy depletes BDNF and impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a corticosterone-induced mouse model of depression. Theranostics 2023; 13:1059-1075. [PMID: 36793868 PMCID: PMC9925310 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a mental disorder that poses a serious threat to human health. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is closely associated with the efficacy of antidepressants. Chronic treatment with corticosterone (CORT), a well-validated pharmacological stressor, induces depressive-like behaviors and suppresses AHN in experimental animals. However, the possible mechanisms of chronic CORT action remain elusive. Methods: A chronic CORT treatment (0.1 mg/mL, drinking water for 4 weeks) was applied to prepare a mouse model of depression. Immunofluorescence was performed to analyze the hippocampal neurogenesis lineage, and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing a pH-sensitive tandemly tagged light chain 3 (LC3) protein were used to analyze neuronal autophagy. AAV-hSyn-miR30-shRNA was used to knock down autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) expression in the neurons. Results: Chronic CORT induces depressive-like behaviors and decreases the expression of neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in mice. Moreover, it markedly diminishes the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitor cells, and neuroblasts and impairs the survival and migration of newborn immature and mature neurons in the DG, which may be attributed to changes in the cell cycle kinetics and induction of NSCs apoptosis. Furthermore, chronic CORT induces hyperactive neuronal autophagy in the DG, possibly by increasing the expression of ATG5 and causing excess lysosomal degradation of BDNF in neurons. Notably, inhibiting hyperactive neuronal autophagy in the DG of mice by knocking down Atg5 in neurons using RNA interference reverses the decrease of neuronal BDNF expression, rescues AHN, and exerts antidepressant effects. Conclusion: Our findings reveal a neuronal autophagy-dependent mechanism that links chronic CORT to reduced neuronal BDNF levels, AHN suppression and depressive-like behavior in mice. In addition, our results provide insights for treating depression by targeting neuronal autophagy in the DG of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mengying Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meiyao He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Wu T, Kou J, Li X, Diwu Y, Li Y, Cao DY, Wang R. Electroacupuncture alleviates traumatic brain injury by inhibiting autophagy via increasing IL-10 production and blocking the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 38:921-932. [PMID: 36517637 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, switched by the AMPK/mTOR signaling, has been revealed to contribute greatly to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroacupuncture (EA) is a promising therapeutic method for TBI, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we hypothesize that the therapeutic effect of EA on TBI is associated with its inhibition on AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, TBI, and TBI + EA. TBI model was established by using an electronic controlled cortical impactor. Rats were treated with EA at 12 h after modeling, 15 min daily for 14 consecutive days. EA was applied at the acupuncture points Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI4), Baihui (GV20), Guanyuan (CV4), Zusanli (ST36) and Yongquan (KI1), using dense-sparse wave, at frequencies of 1 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 mA. After 3, 7 and 14 days of modeling, the modified neurological severity scale (mNSS), rota rod system, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test showed that EA treatment promoted neurological function recovery in TBI rats. Moreover, EA treatment alleviated brain edema, pathological damage, neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats. EA improved abnormal ultrastructure, including abnormal mitochondrial morphology and increased autophagosomes, in the brain neurons of TBI rats, as measured by transmission electron microscopy, and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed to measure the protein levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), autophagy-related proteins and key proteins in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. EA treatment increased IL-10 production, inhibited the AMPK/mTOR signaling, and inhibited excessive autophagy in TBI rats. Additionally, AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment had similar effects to EA. Both AMPK agonist AICAR and IL-10 neutralizing antibody treatments reversed the effects of EA on the related protein levels of autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and abolished the protective effects of EA on TBI rats. In conclusion, EA treatment promoted neurological function recovery and alleviated pathological damage and neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats through inhibiting excessive autophagy via increasing IL-10 production and blocking the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiushe Kou
- Pain Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Diwu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Scientific Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruihui Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
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Chi X, Xue X, Pan J, Wu J, Shi H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Ma K. Mechanism of lily bulb and Rehmannia decoction in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like rats based on metabolomics study and network pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1850-1864. [PMID: 36205539 PMCID: PMC9553158 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lily bulb and Rehmannia decoction (LBRD), consisting of Lilium henryi Baker (Liliaceae) and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), is a specialized traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating depression. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the relationship between LBRD efficacy and metabolomics, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism of LBRD in treating depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was conducted using SwissTargetPrediction, DisGeNET, DrugBank, Metascape, etc., to construct component-target-pathway networks. The depression-like model was induced by intraperitoneal injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.3 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. After the administration of LBRD (90 g/kg) and fluoxetine (2 mg/kg) for 14 days, we assessed behaviour and the levels of neurotransmitter, inflammatory cytokine and circulating stress hormone. Prefrontal metabolites of rats were detected by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics method. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that LBRD mainly acted on neurotransmitter and second messenger pathways. Compared to the model group, LBRD significantly ameliorated depressive phenotypes and increased the level of 5-HT (13.4%) and GABA (24.8%), as well as decreased IL-1β (30.7%), IL-6 (32.8%) and TNF-α (26.6%). Followed by LBRD treatment, the main metabolites in prefrontal tissue were contributed to retrograde endocannabinoid signalling, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, autophagy signal pathway, etc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS LBRD were effective at increasing neurotransmitter, attenuating proinflammatory cytokine and regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutamatergic synapse, thereby ameliorating depressive phenotypes. This research will offer reference for elucidating the metabolomic mechanism underlying novel antidepressant agents contained LBRD formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansu Chi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Huishan Shi
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanting Lu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
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Wang YB, Song NN, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Neural Plasticity and Depression Treatment. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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Shi LS, Ji CH, Liu Y, Gu JH, Tang WQ, Zhang W, Guan W. Ginsenoside Rh2 administration produces crucial antidepressant-like effects in a CUMS-induced mice model of depression. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2705. [PMID: 35848938 PMCID: PMC9392527 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most striking feature of depression is sadness and a loss of interest in activities, which represents a major cause of disability globally. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel antidepressants for clinical practice. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides that can be extracted from Panax ginseng and has been demonstrated to improve both memory and learning. The purpose of this study was to provide broad insight into the mechanisms underlying depression and gain greater insights into antidepressant therapy. METHODS In this study, we first established an effective and feasible depression animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and behavioral testing was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST) and the sucrose preference test. Following pretreatment with Rh2 (10 and 20 mg/kg), the immobility time of mice was reduced without affecting locomotor activity in both the FST and TST. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. RESULTS Different concentrations of Rh2 significantly reduced depressive-like symptoms in CUMS-induced mice and downregulated the effects of the BDNF signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of K252a completely prevented the antidepressant-like activity of Rh2 in mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated that Rh2 possesses the antidepression action via the positive regulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Xu TT, Li L, Geng L, Zhou BD, Zhu SL. Peripheral and central pathophysiological changes in a new rat model of acid reflux combined with mental stress. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14360. [PMID: 35352852 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental stress is an important risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which interacts with acid reflux and affects the efficacy of single acid suppression treatment. However, the specific mechanism remains elusive, and there is a lack of available models for further support. METHODS This study established a new compound model combining acid reflux and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to observe potential peripheral and central pathophysiological changes. KEY RESULTS Rats in the compound model suffered from significant weight loss and manifested depression-like behaviours. In addition, the acid reflux was not aggravated despite the presence of mental stress, along with dilated intercellular space (DIS), increased expression of desmoglein-1 (DSG1) mRNA, and injury of the lower oesophageal mucosa. The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors was disrupted. In the hypothalamus of rats in the compound model, the expression of corticosterone-releasing factor (CRF) and its receptors, protein kinase A (PKA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors were decreased. This might be related to the "escape" of stress, which weakened the suppressive effect on excitatory transmission to cope with the damage of pressure to the body. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Mental stress and acid reflux affect GERD through peripheral and central aspects, which can result in the poor efficacy of acid inhibitors. This may provide a new direction for the treatment of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Geng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Duo Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiong LL, Mao ML, Shu QL. A preliminary study on the diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria in response to the treatment of depression with Xiaoyaosan. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:844-856. [PMID: 35575477 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate-producing bacteria generate butyrate, which has antidepressant effects. Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat depression, may improve depression-like behaviour by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the functional groups and mechanisms of action in the XYS treatment of depression remain unknown. This study aimed to analyse with clone sequencing the changes in intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria in XYS-treated chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. We successfully established the XYS-treated CUMS rat model of depression. Rat faecal samples were collected before, during, and after the experiment, and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene primers were selected for PCR amplification to determine the diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria. The results showed that XYS increased intestinal butyrate-producing bacterial diversity in CUMS rats regarding phylum and genus numbers; the number of phyla increased to two, distributed in Firmicutes and Bacteroides, and four genera were distributed in Eubacterium sp., Roseburia sp., Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. Only one phylum and two genera were present in the model group without XYS treatment. Our findings indicate that XYS can improve depression-like behaviour by regulating intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria diversity, particularly Roseburia sp. and Eubacterium sp., thus providing new insights into the targeted regulation of the intestinal flora to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Xiong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - M L Mao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
| | - Q L Shu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, China
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21
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Zhao Y, Yu M, Ma M, Yu Z. A sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method for quantification of theanine in rat plasma and tissues: Application to preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1198:123248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Yan J, Zhang F, Le Niu, Wang X, Lu X, Ma C, Zhang C, Song J, Zhang Z. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mitigates depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats via FGF2/FGFR1/p-ERK signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:94-103. [PMID: 35247488 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used and effective biological treatment for depression. Although previous studies have shown that astrocyte function may be modified by rTMS, the specific neurobiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant action are not clear. Substantial evidence has accumulated indicating that neurotrophin dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis play a role in the development of depression. To evaluate this hypothesis, we applied a chronical unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce depression-like behaviors in rats, followed by the delivery of 10-Hz rTMS for 3 weeks. Behavioral outcome measures consisted of a sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Histological analysis focused on apoptosis, expression of GFAP and FGF2, and FGF2 pathway-related proteins. The results showed that after rTMS treatment, the rats' sucrose preference increased, open field performance improved while the immobility time of forced swimming decreased. The behavioral changes seen in rTMS treated rats were accompanied by marked reductions in the number of TUNEL-positive neural cells and the level of expression of BAX and by an increase in Bcl2. Furthermore, the expression of GFAP and FGF2 was increased, along with activation of FGF2 downstream pathway. These results suggest that rTMS treatment can improve depression-like behavior, attenuate neural apoptosis, and reverse reduction of astrocytes in a rat model of depression. We hypothesize that the therapeutic action of rTMS in CUMS-induced rats is linked to the activation of the FGF2/FGFR1/p-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junni Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Le Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Chaoyue Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinggui Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China.
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23
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Wang YQ, Jiang YJ, Zou MS, Liu J, Zhao HQ, Wang YH. Antidepressant actions of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonist: Focus on pathophysiology and treatment. Behav Brain Res 2021; 420:113724. [PMID: 34929236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most commonly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders, and the main characteristics of depression are sleep disorders and melatonin secretion disorders caused by circadian rhythm disorders. Abnormal endogenous melatonin alterations can contribute to the occurrence and development of depression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this abnormality remain ambiguous. The present review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of melatonin, which is related to its functions in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inhibition of neuroinflammation, inhibition of oxidative stress, alleviation of autophagy, and upregulation of neurotrophic, promotion of neuroplasticity and upregulation of the levels of neurotransmitters, etc. Also, melatonin receptor agonists, such as agomelatine, ramelteon, piromelatine, tasimelteon, and GW117, have received considerable critical attention and are highly implicated in treating depression and comorbid disorders. This review focuses on melatonin and various melatonin receptor agonists in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, aiming to provide further insight into the pathogenesis of depression and explore potential targets for novel agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Qing Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Man-Shu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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24
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Sun RQ, Wang ZD, Zhao J, Wang S, Liu YZ, Liu SY, Li ZG, Wang X. Improvement of electroacupuncture on APP/PS1 transgenic mice in behavioral probably due to reducing deposition of Aβ in hippocampus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2521-2530. [PMID: 34469051 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which currently no cure is available. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used in China as an alternative therapeutic approach for neurological diseases. The cognitive decline in patients with AD has been reported to be closely related to the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the hippocampus of the brain, and the Morris water maze (MWM) test is a widely used method for assessing the behavior of animal models. In this study, the MWM test was performed to evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive function and memory, and the micro-positron emission tomography scan was used to assess the hippocampal Aβ deposition. The results showed that the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice was significantly improved and the rate of [18F]AV-45 uptake was reduced in the EA group, compared with the AD group. Our study suggested that EA can exert a therapeutic effect in AD by improving spatial learning and memory and inhibiting the hippocampal Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Quan Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Dong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Li X, Qi SM, Wang Y, Jiang HW, Li YH, Zhao BC, Zhang T, Sun Y, Gao XZ, Quan SX, Liu PF, Li WS, Wu JH, Bao TY, Jiang HL. Antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture on modulating the expression of c-Fos/AP-1 through the JNK signaling pathway. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2480-2493. [PMID: 34431619 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for depression have been identified by abundant clinical trials and experimental findings. The c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is considered to be involved in the antidepressant mechanism of EA. However, the antidepressant effect of EA via modulating the expression of c-Fos/activator protein-1 (AP-1) under the condition of JNK inhibition remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effect and possible mechanism of EA in regulating the expression of c-Fos/AP-1 under the condition of JNK inhibition by SP600125 in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The depression-like behaviors were evaluated by the body weight, sucrose preference test (SPT), and open field test (OFT). The expression levels of c-Jun in the hypothalamus, c-Fos in the pituitary gland, and c-Fos and AP-1 in the serum of CUMS induced rat model of depression were detected by ELISA. The results indicated that treatment with EA and fluoxetine can reverse the CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in rats and can up-regulate the expression levels of c-Jun in the hypothalamus, c-Fos in the pituitary gland, and c-Fos and AP-1 in the serum. Of note, the data demonstrated that SP600125, the inhibitor of JNK signaling pathway, can exert synergistic effect with EA in regulating CUMS-induced abnormal activation of the JNK signaling pathway. The antidepressant effect of EA might be mediated by modulating the expression of c-Fos/AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Min Qi
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wu Jiang
- School of Health Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Huan Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Cong Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Zhou Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Xiao Quan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Hong Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tu-Ya Bao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Li Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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26
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He J, Ren Z, Xia W, Zhou C, Bi B, Yu W, Zuo L. Identification of key genes and crucial pathways for major depressive disorder using peripheral blood samples and chronic unpredictable mild stress rat models. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11694. [PMID: 34414022 PMCID: PMC8344689 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains difficult, and one of the key challenges in diagnosing MDD is the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to explore gene networks and identify potential biomarkers for MDD. METHODS In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the mRNA expression profiles using blood samples of four patients with MDD and four controls by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. All DEGs were inputted to the STRING database to build a PPI network, and the top 10 hub genes were screened using the cytoHubba plugin of the Cytoscape software. The relative expression of 10 key genes was identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of blood samples from 50 MDD patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of SQSTM1 and TNFα were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood samples of 44 MDD patients and 44 controls. A sucrose preference test was used to evaluate depression-like behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats. Immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were performed to study the expression of proteins in the brain samples of CUMS model rats. RESULTS We identified 247 DEGs that were closely associated with MDD. Gene ontology analyses suggested that the DEGs were mainly enriched in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II promoter, cytoplasm, and protein binding. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Ten hub genes were screened through the PPI network, and qRT-PCR assay revealed that one and six genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively; however, SMARCA2, PPP3CB, and RAB5C were not detected. Pathway enrichment analysis for the 10 genes showed that the mTOR signaling pathway was also enriched. A strong positive correlation was observed between SQSTM1 and TNFα protein levels in patients with MDD. LC3 II and SQSTM1 protein levels were increased in the CUMS rat model; however, p-mTOR protein levels were decreased. The sucrose preference values decreased in the CUMS rat model. CONCLUSIONS We identified 247 DEGs and constructed an MDD-specific network; thereafter, 10 hub genes were selected for further analysis. Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of MDD. Moreover, SQSTM1, which is related to autophagy and inflammatory reactions, may play a key role in MDD. SQSTM1 may be used as a promising therapeutic target in MDD; additionally, more molecular mechanisms have been suggested that should be focused on in future in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenkui Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wansong Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Cao Zhou
- Psychosomatic Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Bi
- Psychosomatic Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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