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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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2
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Deng X, Wang J, Lu C, Zhou Y, Shen L, Ge A, Fan H, Liu L. Updating the therapeutic role of ginsenosides in breast cancer: a bibliometrics study to an in-depth review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226629. [PMID: 37818185 PMCID: PMC10560733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most common malignancy and has a high mortality rate. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents of ginseng, have been shown to be highly effective against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of ginsenosides on breast cancer. Through meticulous bibliometric analysis and an exhaustive review of pertinent research, we explore and summarize the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in treating breast cancer, including inducing apoptosis, autophagy, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and regulating miRNA and lncRNA. This scholarly endeavor not only provides novel prospects for the application of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer but also suggests future research directions for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongqiao Fan
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Li X, Cao D, Sun S, Wang Y. Anticancer therapeutic effect of ginsenosides through mediating reactive oxygen species. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215020. [PMID: 37564184 PMCID: PMC10411515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS-regulated pathways in cancer cells leads to abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species, displaying a double-edged role in cancer progression, either supporting transformation/proliferation and stimulating tumorigenesis or inducing cell death. Cancer cells can accommodate reactive oxygen species by regulating them at levels that allow the activation of pro-cancer signaling pathways without inducing cell death via modulation of the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, targeting reactive oxygen species is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Ginsenosides, their derivatives, and related drug carriers are well-positioned to modulate multiple signaling pathways by regulating oxidative stress-mediated cellular and molecular targets to induce apoptosis; regulate cell cycle arrest and autophagy, invasion, and metastasis; and enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutic agents of different cancers depending on the type, level, and source of reactive oxygen species, and the type and stage of the cancer. Our review focuses on the pro- and anticancer effects of reactive oxygen species, and summarizes the mechanisms and recent advances in different ginsenosides that bring about anticancer effects by targeting reactive oxygen species, providing new ideas for designing further anticancer studies or conducting more preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siming Sun
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Yang J, Zhang L, Peng X, Zhang S, Sun S, Ding Q, Ding C, Liu W. Polymer-Based Wound Dressings Loaded with Ginsenoside Rg3. Molecules 2023; 28:5066. [PMID: 37446725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, the largest organ in the human body, mainly plays a protective role. Once damaged, it can lead to acute or chronic wounds. Wound healing involves a series of complex physiological processes that require ideal wound dressings to promote it. The current wound dressings have characteristics such as high porosity and moderate water vapor permeability, but they are limited in antibacterial properties and cannot protect wounds from microbial infections, which can delay wound healing. In addition, several dressings contain antibiotics, which may have bad impacts on patients. Natural active substances have good biocompatibility; for example, ginsenoside Rg3 has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and other biological activities, which can effectively promote wound healing. Some researchers have developed various polymer wound dressings loaded with ginsenoside Rg3 that have good biocompatibility and can effectively promote wound healing and reduce scar formation. This article will focus on the application and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3-loaded dressings in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuwen Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543003, China
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Lu Y, Zhang S, Zhu X, Wang K, He Y, Liu C, Sun J, Pan J, Zheng L, Liu W, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu T. Aidi injection enhances the anti-tumor impact of doxorubicin in H22 tumor-containing mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115968. [PMID: 36473617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aidi injection (AD) is a traditional medical preparation that has a Chinese origin. It is extensively used particularly in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the combination's synergistic mechanism has not yet been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-tumor impact of AD in combination with DOX and their synergistic mechanism in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS An H22 mouse xenograft model was utilized to study the impact of AD, DOX, and their combination on HCC in vivo. Their effects on cell vitality, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression were also investigated in H22 cells in vitro. Subsequently, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were utilized to investigate the impacts of AD, DOX, and their combination on cell viability, migration, invasion, tube formation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression. RESULTS The study established that the tumor inhibition rate of AD combined with DOX reached 79.51%, which was significantly higher than that of AD (25.14%) or DOX (49.48%) alone. Additionally, the Q-value characterizing the synergy between AD and DOX was 1.72, demonstrating a strong synergistic effect. Furthermore, compared to AD or DOX administration alone, the combined administration group significantly decreased the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the serum, increased the tumor necrosis area, increased the Bax/Bcl-2, Cyt-c, caspase-9, Fas, Fasl, caspase-8, and caspase-3 protein expression, and significantly increased the CD31 and Ki67 protein expression in tumor tissue. Compared to AD or DOX alone, AD combined with DOX treatment had a synergistic effect on H22 cells (combination index values < 0.9), which inhibited cell viability, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induced apoptosis, promoted MMP loss, and increased ROS generation, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 levels, and caspase-3 activity. Moreover, combined administration showed a more pronounced inhibition of cell viability, migration, invasion, tube formation, and VEGF protein expression in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS AD enhances the anti-tumor effect of DOX by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The findings of this study lay experimental foundations for the clinical combination of AD and DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28# Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28# Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28# Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28# Guiyi Road, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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6
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Zhu Y, Chen J, Li J, Zhou C, Huang X, Chen B. Ginsenoside Rg1 as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by noradrenaline. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070679. [PMID: 36817446 PMCID: PMC9929943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that chronic stress is closely related to the development of cancer. Our previous research showed that high levels of stress hormones secreted in the body during chronic stress could inhibit the cancer-killing activity of granulocytes, which could further promote the development of cancer. Therefore, reversing the immunosuppressive effect of stress hormones on granulocytes is an urgent problem in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we selected noradrenaline (NA) as a representative stress hormone. Methods and results After screening many traditional Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients, a promising compound, ginsenoside Rg1, attracted our attention. We verified the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes in vitro and ex vivo, and attempted to understand its potential immunoprotective mechanism. We confirmed the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes using cell and animal experiments. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and ex vivo experiments were performed to investigate the immunoprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transcriptome sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR showed that NA elevated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN in granulocytes, thereby reducing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes. In contrast, ginsenoside Rg1 downregulated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN, and upregulated the mRNA expression of LAMC2, DSC2, KRT6A, and FOSB, thereby enhancing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transwell cell migration experiments were performed to verify that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly enhanced the migration capability of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Tumor-bearing model mice were used to verify the significant immunoprotective effects in vivo. Finally, CCK-8 and hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited high biosafety in vitro and in vivo. Discussion In future clinical treatments, ginsenoside Rg1 may be used as an adjuvant agent for cancer treatment to alleviate chronic stress-induced adverse events in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Fan M, Shan M, Lan X, Fang X, Song D, Luo H, Wu D. Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033017. [PMID: 36278171 PMCID: PMC9581320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence of which has increased worldwide in recent years. Ginsenosides are the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that ginsenosides have significant anti-cancer activity, including BC. It is reported that ginsenosides can induce BC cells apoptosis, inhibit BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as autophagy and angiogenesis, thereby suppress the procession of BC. In this review, the therapeutic effects and the molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on BC will be summarized. And the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs on BC will also be discussed. In addition, epigenetic changes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by ginsenosides in the treatment of BC are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dimeng Song
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
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8
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Cheng H, Liu J, Zhang D, Wang J, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817600. [PMID: 35655785 PMCID: PMC9152015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we examined the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rg1, a natural compound with low bioavailability, on the acute experimental colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and explored underlying mechanisms. Acute UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 2.5% DSS for 7 days, meanwhile, 2 mg/10 g b.w. ginsenoside Rg1 was administrated to treat the mice. Body weight, colon length, colon tissue pathology, and colon tissue inflammatory cytokines were assessed. The composition structure of gut microbiota was profiled using 16s rRNA sequencing. Global metabolomic profiling of the feces was performed, and tryptophan and its metabolites in the serum were detected. The results showed that Rg1 significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colonic injury and colonic inflammation. In addition, Rg1 also partly reversed the imbalance of gut microbiota composition caused by DSS. Rg1 intervention can regulate various metabolic pathways of gut microbiota such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism and the most prominent metabolic alteration was tryptophan metabolism. DSS decreased the levels of tryptophan metabolites in the serum, including indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, and niacinamide and Rg1 can increase the levels of these metabolites. In conclusion, the study discovered that Rg1 can protect the intestinal barrier and alleviate colon inflammation in UC mice, and the underlying mechanism is closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota composition and microbial tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmed MN, Khan S. N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) attenuate DMBA-induced breast cancer via Nrf2/NF-κB/apoptosis signaling. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:879-897. [PMID: 35259284 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of the N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) against breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The NCHDH and NTHDH significantly inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly inhibited the tumor size, tumor weight, and tumor volume, while it enhanced the survival and tumor free survival rate following 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and induced the antioxidant level. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant reduction in the inflammatory cytokines production compared with the DMBA control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the histological features using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Masson's trichrome, PAS (periodic acid Schiff), and Toluidine blue staining compared with the DMBA-induced group. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the hematological and serological parameters following DMBA-induced breast tumor compared with DMBA-induced group. Furthermore, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidants signaling proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The NCHDH and NTHDH enhanced the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) level, while it attenuated the NF-κB level. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH showed marked increase in the apoptosis proteins such as Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (Bax), while it inhibited the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In conclusion, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly improved the DMBA-induced breast cancer via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Zhao W, Liu J, Li Y, Chen Z, Qi D, Zhang Z. Immune Effect of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731741. [PMID: 34925002 PMCID: PMC8678494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are heterogeneous, poorly prognostic, and metastatic malignancies that result in a high risk of death for patients. Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer has been extremely challenging due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Clinical treatment regimens for triple-negative breast cancer are often based on paclitaxel and platinum drugs, but drug resistance and side effects from the drugs frequently lead to treatment failure, thus requiring the development of new therapeutic platforms. In recent years, research on traditional Chinese medicine in modulating the immune function of the body has shown that it has the potential to be an effective treatment option against triple-negative breast cancer. Active components of herbal medicines such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating inflammatory immune responses and can modulate tumor-related signaling pathways to further inhibit the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms of different herbal active ingredients against triple-negative breast cancer and provides an outlook on the challenges and directions of development for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with herbal active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zichao Chen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Bhattacharya T, Dutta S, Akter R, Rahman MH, Karthika C, Nagaswarupa HP, Murthy HCA, Fratila O, Brata R, Bungau S. Role of Phytonutrients in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Perspective in Curing Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1176. [PMID: 34439842 PMCID: PMC8394348 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common type of cancer and an important contributor to female mortality. Several genes and epigenetic modifications are involved in the development and progression of BC. Research in phytochemistry, nutrigenomics, and nutrigenetics has provided strong evidence that certain phytonutrients are able to modulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Such phytonutrients may also be beneficial to prevent and treat BC. In this review, we will focus on the nutrigenomic effects of various phytochemicals including polyphenols, phytosterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds from different sources. Overall, these phytonutrients are found to inhibit BC cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induce apoptotic cell death by targeting various molecular pathways. They also alter epigenetic mechanisms and enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Such phytochemicals may be used for the effective management of BC patients in the clinical setting in the future. The present article aims to summarize the specific molecular pathways involved in the genetic effects of phytochemicals in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313003, India
| | - Soumam Dutta
- Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, Calcutta 700027, India;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | | | - Hanabe Chowdappa Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia;
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Roxana Brata
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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