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Shehab NF, Hasan NH, Ismail HK. Investigating the Alkaline Potential of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair Using Selenium Nanoparticles. Braz Dent J 2024; 35:e245760. [PMID: 38922250 PMCID: PMC11197393 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of adding selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA HP) concerning alkalinizing potential. Additionally, it examined the set material after SeNPs incorporation using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FE-SEM/EDX) for characterizing the elemental composition and morphological alterations resulting from the integration of SeNPs. Cement samples, both before and after SeNPs incorporation, were examined using FE-SEM/EDX. The pH level was also measured with a pH-meter previously calibrated with solutions of known pH, to evaluate the alkalinizing activity of the integrated substance at different concentrations of nanoparticles: Group 1 (control): 0% w/w SeNPs, Group 2: 0.5% w/w SeNPs, Group 3: 1% w/w SeNPs, Group 4: 1.5% w/w SeNPs and Group 5: 2% w/w SeNPs after 1, 7, 14, and 30 days in distal water. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P≤0.05). According to FE-SEM/EDX, the morphological characteristics indicate that SeNPs were successfully dispersed and integrated into the MTA repair matrix. EDX examination validates the presence of Selenium, confirming successful integration. The findings confirmed that the MTAHP showed a high pH level with a discernible reduction in the alkalinizing activity with each incorporated concentration of (SeNPs) that significantly differed from the control group across various periods at (P≤ 0.05). Consequently, the findings indicate that the addition of SeNPs to MTA HP has a notable impact on the pH of the storage solution, leading to a significant decrease in pH values for all concentrations and periods when compared to the control group. The alkalinizing action of MTA HP is highly affected by the incorporated SeNPs, making it more suitable for application in pulpal tissue. This study contributes to our understanding of the morphological alterations and elemental composition of SeNP-incorporated MTA HP, enhancing its potential applications in dental and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njwan Fadhel Shehab
- Department of Conservative Dentistry/ College of Dentistry/University of Mosul Iraq
| | - Nadia Hameed Hasan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry/ College of Dentistry/University of Mosul Iraq
| | - Hana Khaleel Ismail
- Department of pathology and poultry disease/College of Veterinary medicine/University of Mosul Iraq
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Patel T, S C, Joshy R, Ramasamy P, Ganapathy D. Titanium- and Strontium-Infused Calcium Silicates Toward Restorative and Regenerative Purposes. Cureus 2024; 16:e60863. [PMID: 38910673 PMCID: PMC11192212 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental materials with dentine regenerative properties are preferred over conventional materials. Calcium silicate cements, such as Biodentine, are bioactive and offer excellent sealing ability, making them ideal for various dental treatments. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to fabricate bioactive calcium silicates infused with titanium (Ti) and strontium (Sr) to optimize their neo-angiogenic, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties while maintaining mechanical stability. METHODOLOGY Ti- and Sr-infused calcium silicate cements were synthesized, and their mineral phases were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Morphological and elemental analyses were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of bioactive material. A hemocompatibility assessment was conducted to evaluate blood compatibility. RESULTS The presence of Ca2, SiO4, and SrTiO3 mineral phases indicated the successful infusion of Ti and Sr into the calcium silicate cement. FESEM and EDS revealed interconnected small spheres and rods in the silicate network with the relevant elemental compositions. Raman spectra verified that Si-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti vibrations exist, validating the formation of a bioactive material. The hemocompatibility assessment demonstrated optimal blood compatibility. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully fabricated an improved calcium silicate-based material with enhanced regenerative properties and excellent biocompatibility. This newly formed substrate holds promise for providing superior restorative solutions and aiding in conservative treatment modalities during dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Patel
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Chitra S
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Reenu Joshy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pasiyappazham Ramasamy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Menarbazari AA, Mansoori-Kermani A, Mashayekhan S, Soleimani A. 3D-printed polycaprolactone/tricalcium silicate scaffolds modified with decellularized bone ECM-oxidized alginate for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130827. [PMID: 38484823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of large craniofacial bone defects requires more advanced and effective strategies than bone grafts since such defects are challenging and cannot heal without intervention. In this regard, 3D printing offers promising solutions through the fabrication of scaffolds with the required shape, porosity, and various biomaterials suitable for specific tissues. In this study, 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds containing up to 30 % tricalcium silicate (TCS) were fabricated and then modified by incorporation of decellularized bone matrix- oxidized sodium alginate (DBM-OA). The results showed that the addition of 20 % TCS increased compressive modulus by 4.5-fold, yield strength by 12-fold, and toughness by 15-fold compared to pure PCL. In addition, the samples containing TCS revealed the formation of crystalline phases with a Ca/P ratio near that of hydroxyapatite (1.67). Cellular experiment results demonstrated that TCS have improved the biocompatibility of PCL-based scaffolds. On day 7, the scaffolds modified with DBM and 20 % TCS exhibited 8-fold enhancement of ALP activity of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (P-MSCs) compared to pure PCL scaffolds. The present study's results suggest that the incorporation of TCS and DBM-OA into the PCL-based scaffold improves its mechanical behavior, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and promotes mineralization and early osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsane Soleimani
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
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Saber SM, Gomaa SM, Elashiry MM, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Comparative biological properties of resin-free and resin-based calcium silicate-based endodontic repair materials on human periodontal ligament stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6757-6768. [PMID: 37796335 PMCID: PMC10630253 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of three different calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on the biological behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS Eluates of Biodentine, NeoPutty and TheraCal PT prepared at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios were extracted under sterile conditions. The cytotoxicity of the extracts to the hPDLSCs was assessed using the MTT assay. Scratch wound healing assay was utilized for assessing cell migration. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect cell attachment and morphology. Calcium ion release was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; the pH-value was evaluated with a pH-meter. ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly higher for Biodentine and NeoPutty at day 1 with all dilutions (p < 0.05), while at day 3 and day 7 with dilutions 1:2 and 1:4; all materials showed similar behavior (p > 0.05). Biodentine had the highest percentage of cell migration into the scratched area at day 1 for all dilutions (p < 0.05). Stem cells were attached favorably on Biodentine and NeoPutty with evident spreading, and intercellular communications; however, this was not shown for TheraCal PT. Biodentine showed the highest pH values and calcium ion release (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The resin-free CSBM showed better performance and favorable biological effects on hPDLSCs and were therefore considered promising for usage as endodontic repair materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Proper selection of materials with favorable impact on the host stem cells is crucial to ensure outcome in different clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin M Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Gomaa
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Yang Y, Liu H, Wang ZJ, Hu P, Haapasalo M, Manso A, Ma JZ, Shen Y. The effect of acidity on the physicochemical properties of two hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements and two calcium phosphate silicate-based cements. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:554. [PMID: 37568132 PMCID: PMC10416429 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioceramic cements have been widely used in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the microhardness, elastic modulus, internal microstructure and chemical compositions of Biodentine, WMTA, ERRM Putty, iRoot FS and IRM after exposure to PBS, butyric acid, and butyric acid followed by PBS. METHODS Specimens of each material were prepared and randomly divided into 5 subgroups (n = 5): subgroup A: PBS (pH = 7.4) for 4 days, subgroup B: PBS (pH = 7.4) for 14 days, subgroup C: butyric acid (pH = 5.4) for 4 days, subgroup D: butyric acid (pH = 5.4) for 14 days, subgroup E: butyric acid for 4 days followed by 10 days in contact with PBS. The surface microhardness, elastic modulus, internal morphologic and chemical compositions of specimens were analyzed. RESULTS The microhardness and elastic modulus values of all materials were significantly higher in the presence of PBS compared to exposure to butyric acid, with the same setting time (P < 0.01). After 4-day exposure to butyric acid followed by 10-day exposure to PBS, the microhardness values returned to the same level as 4-day exposure to PBS (P > 0.05). Biodentine showed significantly higher microhardness and elastic modulus values than other materials, while IRM displayed the lowest (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Biodentine seems the most suitable bioceramic cements when applied to an infected area with acidic pH. Further storage at neutral pH, e.g. PBS reverses the adverse effects on bioceramic cements caused by a low pH environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe-Jun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adriana Manso
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Kato G, Araújo R, Rodrigues C, Gomes PS, Grenho L, Fernandes MH. Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:314. [PMID: 37367277 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements are used in a variety of clinical conditions affecting the pulp tissue, relying on their inductive effect on tissue mineralization. This work aimed to evaluate the biological response of calcium silicate-based cements with distinct properties-the fast-setting Biodentine™ and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and the classical slow-setting ProRoot® MTA, in an ex vivo model of bone development. Briefly, eleven-day-old embryonic chick femurs were cultured for 10 days in organotypic conditions, being exposed to the set cements' eluates and, at the end of the culture period, evaluated for osteogenesis/bone formation by combining microtomographic analysis and histological histomorphometric assessment. ProRoot® MTA and TotalFill® extracts presented similar levels of calcium ions, although significantly lower than those released from BiodentineTM. All extracts increased the osteogenesis/tissue mineralization, assayed by microtomographic (BV/TV) and histomorphometric (% of mineralized area; % of total collagen area, and % of mature collagen area) indexes, although displaying distinct dose-dependent patterns and quantitative values. The fast-setting cements displayed better performance than that of ProRoot® MTA, with BiodentineTM presenting the best performance, within the assayed experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kato
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
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Rebolledo S, Alcántara-Dufeu R, Luengo Machuca L, Ferrada L, Sánchez-Sanhueza GA. Real-time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based endodontic cements: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:322-331. [PMID: 36866428 PMCID: PMC10098287 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An ideal filling material should hermetically seal the communication pathways between the canal system and surrounding tissues. Therefore, during the last few years, the development of obturation materials and techniques to create optimal conditions for the proper healing of apical tissues has been a focus of interest. The effects of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) on periodontal ligament cells have been investigated, and promising results have been obtained. To date, there are no reports in the literature that have evaluated the biocompatibility of CSCs using a real-time live cell system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the real-time biocompatibility of CSCs with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). METHODOLOGY hPDLC were cultured with testing media of endodontic cements for 5 days: TotalFill-BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, Tubli-Seal, AH Plus, MTA ProRoot, Biodentine, and TotalFill-BC RRM Fast Set Putty. Cell proliferation, viability, and morphology were quantified using real-time live cell microscopy with the IncuCyte S3 system. Data were analyzed using the one-way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance multiple comparison test (p < .05). RESULTS Compared to the control group, cell proliferation in the presence of all cements was significantly affected at 24 h (p < .05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine lead to an increase in cell proliferation; there were no significant differences with the control group at 120 h. In contrast, Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer inhibited cell growth in real-time and significantly increased cell death compared to all groups. hPDLC co-cultured with sealer and repair cements showed a spindle-shaped morphology except with cements Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer where smaller and rounder cells were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The biocompatibility of the endodontic repair cements performed better than the sealer cements, highlighting the cell proliferation of the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in real-time. However, the calcium silicate-based TotalFill-BC Sealer presented a high percentage of cell death throughout the experiment similar to that obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rebolledo
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Dufeu
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Luengo Machuca
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Kim Y, Lee D, Kye M, Ha YJ, Kim SY. Biocompatible Properties and Mineralization Potential of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Cements and Fast-Set Calcium Silicate-Based Cements on Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7595. [PMID: 36363187 PMCID: PMC9654067 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Premixed calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and fast-set CSCs were developed for the convenience of retrograde filling during endodontic microsurgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the biocompatible properties and mineralization potential of premixed CSCs, such as Endocem MTA Premixed (EM Premixed) and EndoSequence BC RRM putty (EndoSequence), and fast-set RetroMTA on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) compared to ProRoot MTA. Using CCK-8, a significantly higher proliferation of BMSCs occurred only in the EM Premixed group on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). On day 6, the ProRoot MTA group had significantly higher cell proliferation than the control group (p < 0.05). Regardless of the experimental materials, all groups had complete cell migration by day 4. Alizarin Red-S staining and alkaline phosphatase assay demonstrated higher mineralization potential of all CSCs similar to ProRoot MTA (p < 0.05). The EndoSequence group showed more upregulation of SMAD1 and OSX gene expression than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05), and all experimental cements upregulated osteogenic gene expression more than the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, using premixed CSCs and fast-set CSCs as retrograde filling cements may facilitate satisfactory biological responses and comparable osteogenic potential to ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kye
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yun-Jae Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sin-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Different Types of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6480047. [PMID: 35633889 PMCID: PMC9135564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6480047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Particle size and shape can influence the properties of materials. However, to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), silicate-based hydraulic cements were introduced. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the major constituents and crystalline structures along with the surface morphology of different types of calcium silicate-based cement (CSC). Materials and Methods. Six different types of CSC (white Portland cement, white ProRoot MTA, white MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and Endosequence, both putty and paste) were used in this study. Five samples of each material were analyzed in both uncured and cured cement using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results. SEM analysis showed that the surfaces of all materials consisted of particle sizes ranging from 0.194 μm to approximately 51.82 μm. The basic elements found in both uncured and cured cement of all tested materials using EDX were carbon, calcium, silicon, and oxygen. A difference was observed in the presence or absence of magnesium, aluminum, bismuth, zirconium, and tantalum. XRD showed that all tested materials were composed mainly of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, which are the main components of Portland cement. FTIR analysis showed aromatic rings, phosphine PH, alkyl halides, and alcohol O-H groups in all tested materials but at different wavenumbers. Conclusions. The different types of CSCs tested in this study were primarily modified types of Portland cement with the addition of radiopacifiers. ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus contained bismuth oxide, Biodentine contains zirconium oxide, whereas Endosequence root repair materials (both putty and paste) contained zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide. Endosequence root repair materials showed smaller particle sizes than the other groups. White PC had the most irregular and large particle sizes. CSC had a smaller particle size, except for MTA Angelus. Clinical Relevance. The composition of CSC has a direct influence on the properties of these cements, which may affect the clinical outcome of the treatment.
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Camilleri J, Atmeh A, Li X, Meschi N. Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:710-777. [PMID: 35167119 PMCID: PMC9314068 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydraulic materials are used in Endodontics due to their hydration characteristics namely the formation of calcium hydroxide when mixing with water and also because of their hydraulic properties. These materials are presented in various consistencies and delivery methods. They are composed primarily of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, and also include a radiopacifier, additives and an aqueous or a non-aqueous vehicle. Only materials whose primary reaction is with water can be classified as hydraulic. OBJECTIVES Review of the classification of hydraulic materials by Camilleri and the literature pertaining to specific uses of hydraulic cements in endodontics namely intra-coronal, intra-radicular and extra-radicular. Review of the literature on the material properties linked to specific uses providing the current status of these materials after which future trends and gaps in knowledge could be identified. METHODS The literature was reviewed using PUBMED, and for each clinical use, the in vitro properties such as physical, chemical, biological and antimicrobial characteristics and clinical data were extracted and evaluated. RESULTS A large number of publications were retrieved for each clinical use and these were grouped depending on the property type being investigated. CONCLUSIONS The hydraulic cements have made a difference in clinical outcomes. The main shortcoming is the poor testing methodologies employed which provide very limited information and also inhibits adequate clinical translation. Furthermore, the clinical protocols need to be updated to enable the materials to be employed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette Camilleri
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Amre Atmeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU)DubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Biocompatibility of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Mediated via the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051962. [PMID: 35269193 PMCID: PMC8911908 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA) has recently been introduced in clinical applications. Thus, the aims of the present study are to determine its biocompatibility in vivo and to examine its ability to drive macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: HiFlow was implanted into rat connective tissue for 7, 30 and 150 days. The microstructures and elemental compositions were determined by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Hematoxylin–eosin, immunofluorescence, RT–qPCR and flow cytometry were used to elucidate the effects on inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. (3) Results: SEM-EDX revealed the formation of surface hydroxyapatite crystal layers. Histological evaluation showed that HiFlow exhibited long-term biocompatibility because it decreased inflammatory responses and reduced the number of macrophages over time; however, tissue necrosis was observed in all the groups. RT–qPCR verified that HiFlow regulated the expression of inflammatory factors to inhibit the inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence analysis performed on in vivo samples revealed that HiFlow promoted M2-like macrophage polarization, and these results were confirmed by flow cytometry in vitro. (4) Conclusion: After 150 days of investigation, HiFlow was considered biologically acceptable, and the formation of apatite crystal layers and the promotion of M2-like macrophage polarization may contribute to its favorable biocompatibility.
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Silva RAB, Gaton-Hernandez P, Pucinelli CM, Silva FWGDPE, Lucisano MP, Consolaro A, de Sá RC, Araujo LDC, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva LAB. Subcutaneous tissue reaction and gene expression of inflammatory markers after Biodentine and MTA implantation. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:41-56. [PMID: 35262553 PMCID: PMC9645138 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous connective tissue response of isogenic mice exposed to tricalcium silicate (Biodentine) and aggregated mineral trioxide (ProRoot MTA). A total of 120 mice were divided into 4 groups in 3 different experimental periods (7, 21 and 63 days): Biodentine; Pro-Root MTA; zinc oxide-eugenol and; Negative control - Sham. After the experimental periods microscopic descriptive, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of the inflammatory process were analyzed on H&E sections and evaluation of the gene expression of Il10, Infg, Il6, Il1r1 and Tnf (qRT-PCR) were performed. The data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post-test (5% significance level). Results: In the microscopic analysis, a slight inflammatory infiltrate was observed, with a predominance of sparse macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells, slight tissue fibrosis, regular fibrous capsule and with dystrophic calcifications, in all groups that received the materials (Biodentine and Pro-Root MTA). In parallel, all materials modulated the gene expression of the different cytokines and receptors evaluated. Conclusion: Pro-Root MTA and Biodentine showed a tissue compatibility, mediated inflammation, with increased fibrous tissue and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gaton-Hernandez
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry,
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Consolaro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Oral Pathology, Bauru Dental School, University of
Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cardoso de Sá
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of
Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão
Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Arandi NZ, Thabet M. Minimal Intervention in Dentistry: A Literature Review on Biodentine as a Bioactive Pulp Capping Material. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5569313. [PMID: 33884264 PMCID: PMC8041541 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Root canal treatment has been the treatment of choice for carious pulp exposures. In the perspective of minimally invasive dentistry and preventive endodontics, a direct pulp capping procedure with a reliable bioactive material may be considered an alternative approach provided that the pulp status is favorable. However, the treatment of pulp exposure by pulp capping is still a controversial issue with no clear literature available on this topic, leaving the concerned practitioner more confused than satisfied. Biodentine is a relatively new bioactive material explored for vital pulp therapy procedures. This article discusses its role in direct pulp capping procedures. A thorough literature search of the database was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords preventive endodontics, calcium silicate cement, direct pulp capping, Biodentine, and vital pulp therapy. Reference mining of the articles that were identified was used to locate other papers and enrich the findings. No limits were imposed on the year of publication, but only articles in English were considered. This paper is aimed at reviewing the current literature on Biodentine as a direct pulp capping material. The review will provide a better understanding of Biodentine's properties and can aid in the decision-making process for maintaining the vitality of exposed dental pulp with minimal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Ziad Arandi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Arab American University, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad Thabet
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, State of Palestine
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