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Louro AF, Meliciano A, Alves PM, Costa MHG, Serra M. A roadmap towards manufacturing extracellular vesicles for cardiac repair. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00091-X. [PMID: 38653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades researchers have linked extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mechanisms to various physiological and pathological processes in the heart, such as immune response regulation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the survival and growth of cardiomyocytes. Although use of EVs has gathered momentum in the cardiac field, several obstacles in both upstream and downstream processes during EV manufacture need to be addressed before clinical success can be achieved. Low EV yields obtained in small-scale cultures deter clinical translation, as mass production is a prerequisite to meet therapeutic doses. Moreover, standardizing EV manufacture is critical given the inherent heterogeneity of EVs and the constraints of current isolation techniques. In this review, we discuss the critical steps for the large-scale manufacturing of high-potency EVs for cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Louro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Meliciano
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta H G Costa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Giannasi C, Della Morte E, Cadelano F, Valenza A, Casati S, Dei Cas M, Niada S, Brini AT. Boosting the therapeutic potential of cell secretome against osteoarthritis: Comparison of cytokine-based priming strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115970. [PMID: 38042116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretome, or conditioned medium (CM), from Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells (MSCs) has recently emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic against osteoarthritis (OA), capable of promoting cartilage regeneration and immunoregulation. Priming MSCs with 10 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and/or 10 ng/ml interleukin 1β (IL-1β) aims at mimicking the pathological milieu of OA joints in order to target their secretion towards a pathology-tailored phenotype. Here we compare the composition of the CM obtained after 24 or 72 h from untreated and cytokine-treated adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs). The 72-hour double-primed CM presents a higher total protein yield, a larger number of extracellular vesicles, and a greater concentration of bioactive lipids, in particular sphingolipids, fatty acids, and eicosanoids. Moreover, the levels of several factors involved in immunomodulation and regeneration, such as TGF-β1, PGE2, and CCL-2, are strongly upregulated. Additionally, the differential profiling of 80 bioactive molecules indicates that primed CM is enriched in immune cell chemotaxis and migration factors. Our results indicate that pre-conditioning ASCs with inflammatory cytokines can modulate the composition of their CM, promoting the release of factors with recognized anti-inflammatory, chondroprotective, and immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Cadelano
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Ramírez Idarraga JA, Restrepo Múnera LM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:681-691. [PMID: 37276173 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been seen for years as great candidates for treating different diseases and an alternative to embryonic stem cells due to their differentiation capacity in vitro. More recent research has focused on their ability to modulate the immune response and regeneration at sites associated with inflammation, activities attributable to the release of trophic factors into the extracellular medium, a set of components known as the secretome. It has been possible to demonstrate the presence of these cells within the tumor microenvironment, which is associated with their tropism for sites of inflammation; however, their role here needs to be clarified. In different investigations, the feasibility of using MSCs or their secretome to treat cancer has been sought, with these results being ambiguous. It has been described that MSCs can be activated and present various phenotypes, which could explain the divergence in their action; however, these activation mechanisms and the different phenotypes still need to be well known. This review explores MSCs and their use in regenerative medicine with a targeted approach to cancer. Impact Statement This text addresses the diverging findings on the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor microenvironment and discrepancies on the use of these cells as cancer treatment, separating the direct use of the cells from the use of the secretome. Multiple authors refer equally to the cells and their secretome to conclude on the positive or negative outcome, without taking into consideration how the cells are affected by their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Alexander Ramírez Idarraga
- Corporación Académica Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Restrepo Múnera
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
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Lubis AMT, Aprianto P, Pawitan JA, Priosoeryanto BP, Dewi TIT, Kamal AF. Intra-articular injection of secretome, derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, enhances the regeneration process of cartilage in early-stage osteo-arthritis: an animal study. Acta Orthop 2023; 94:300-306. [PMID: 37377012 DOI: 10.2340/17453674.2023.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), both endogenous and exogenous, enhance chondrocyte proliferation by stimulating collagen type II. Secretome, an MSC derivate, has shown to also provide this mechanism through a paracrine effect. We aimed to evaluate the use of secretome and MSC in the management of early osteoarthritis (OA). ANIMALS AND METHODS 19 (1 control) male sheep (Ovies aries), which were operated on with total lateral meniscectomy to induce knee OA, were divided into 3 groups: the secretome group, hyaluronic acid group, and MSC group. Each group was injected with the respective substances and was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score was calculated for all subjects and a descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The macroscopic analysis of the treated groups revealed better OARSI score in the secretome group compared with the other 2 groups. The secretome group showed a significantly better microscopic score compared with the hyaluronic acid group (mean difference [MD] 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-12), but no significant difference compared with the MSC group (MD 1.0, CI -4.8 to 6.8). CONCLUSION Intra-articular injection of secretome is effective in managing early-stage osteoarthritis in the animal model compared with hyaluronic acid and has similar efficacy to MSC injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Maruli Tua Lubis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
| | - Petrus Aprianto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
| | | | - Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, IBP University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fauzi Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
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Sagaradze G, Monakova A, Efimenko A. Potency Assays for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome-Based Products for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119379. [PMID: 37298329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells maintaining tissue homeostasis and regeneration are tightly regulated by their specific microenvironments or stem cell niches. The dysfunction of niche components may alter the activity of stem cells and ultimately lead to intractable chronic or acute disorders. To overcome this dysfunction, niche-targeting regenerative medicine treatments such as gene, cell, and tissue therapy are actively investigated. Here, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and particularly their secretomes, are of high interest due to their potency to recover and reactivate damaged or lost stem cell niches. However, a workflow for the development of MSC secretome-based products is not fully covered by regulatory authorities, and and this issue significantly complicates their clinical translation and has possibly been expressed in a huge number of failed clinical trials. One of the most critical issues in this regard relates to the development of potency assays. In this review, guidelines for biologicals and cell therapies are considered to be applied for the development of potency assays for the MSC secretome-based products that aim for tissue regeneration. Specific attention is paid to their possible effects on stem cell niches and to a spermatogonial stem cell niche in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Sagaradze
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovskiy av., 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Monakova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovskiy av., 119192 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovskiy av., 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovskiy av., 119192 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovskiy av., 119192 Moscow, Russia
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Giannasi C, Niada S, Della Morte E, Casati SR, De Palma C, Brini AT. Serum starvation affects mitochondrial metabolism of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2023:S1465-3249(23)00067-1. [PMID: 37061899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS A large part of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) regenerative and immunomodulatory action is mediated by paracrine signaling. Hence, an increasing body of evidence acknowledges the potential of MSC secretome in a variety of preclinical and clinical scenarios. Mid-term serum deprivation is a common approach in the pipeline of MSC secretome production. Nevertheless, up to now, little is known about the impact of this procedure on the metabolic status of donor cells. METHODS Here, through untargeted differential metabolomics, we revealed an impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in adipose-derived MSCs exposed for 72 h to serum deprivation. RESULTS This evidence was further confirmed by the significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of succinate dehydrogenase activity. Probably as a repair mechanism, an upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase was also induced. CONCLUSIONS Of note, the analysis of mitochondrial functionality indicated that, despite a significant reduction of basal respiration and ATP production, serum-starved MSCs still responded to changes in energy demand. This metabolic phenotype correlates with the obtained evidence of mitochondrial elongation and branching upon starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Rosanna Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Conditioned Medium - Is it an Undervalued Lab Waste with the Potential for Osteoarthritis Management? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10517-1. [PMID: 36790694 PMCID: PMC10366316 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The approaches currently used in osteoarthritis (OA) are mainly short-term solutions with unsatisfactory outcomes. Cell-based therapies are still controversial (in terms of the sources of cells and the results) and require strict culture protocol, quality control, and may have side-effects. A distinct population of stromal cells has an interesting secretome composition that is underrated and commonly ends up as biological waste. Their unique properties could be used to improve the existing techniques due to protective and anti-ageing properties. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we seek to outline the advantages of the use of conditioned media (CM) and exosomes, which render them superior to other cell-based methods, and to summarise current information on the composition of CM and their effect on chondrocytes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS CM are obtainable from a variety of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sources, such as adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, which is significant to their composition. The components present in CMs include proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, lipids and ncRNA with a variety of functions. In most in vitro and in vivo studies CM from MSCs had a beneficial effect in enhance processes associated with chondrocyte OA pathomechanism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review summarises the information available in the literature on the function of components most commonly detected in MSC-conditioned media, as well as the effect of CM on OA chondrocytes in in vitro culture. It also highlights the need to standardise protocols for obtaining CM, and to conduct clinical trials to transfer the effects obtained in vitro to human subjects.
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Shang L, Zhang R, Yan J, Lu Y, Zhang S, Sun Y, Cheng H, Liu Y, Lin J. Sustainable Production and Activity Determination of Serum-Free Conditioned Medium from Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1109-1121. [PMID: 36327033 PMCID: PMC9630812 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited great potential as a regenerative medicine, and MSC-derived paracrine effects, mainly including the secretion of various bioactive factors, play critical roles in MSC-based therapies. MSC-derived serum-free conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is defined as the secretome of MSC-derived bioactive factors and is considered a new cell-free therapeutic agent for disease treatment. However, the MSC-CM used in previous studies was prepared by a nearly disposable method that the MSCs were discarded after preparing MSC-CM, and the preparation time was variable; simultaneously, the viability changes of MSCs after MSC-CM preparation are still unknown. Therefore, this study takes MenSCs as a research project and aims to explore the suitable period of sustainable MenSC-CM preparation rather than using a disposable method. As expected, our results confirmed that MenSC-CM improves viability of both naïve targeted cells and H2O2-injured targeted cells, and suggested that 36 h is suitable for sustainable MenSC-CM preparation in which the angiogenic factors almost reach to the peak. Simultaneously, the MenSCs used to prepare the MenSC-CM for 36 h also maintained preferable cell viability and could be sustainably used for further MenSC-CM preparation. Moreover, the in vivo results further confirmed the improvement of MenSC-CM on promoting skin wound healing. Consequently, our results not only provide support for optimizing MSC-CM sustainable preparation based on various MSCs but also promote the comprehensive application of MenSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Shang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Jiaxing Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Yilin Lu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China ,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China ,The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China ,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
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Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems: 63. † Synthesis of Two Chemically Tanned Gelatin-Based Cryostructurates and Evaluation of Their Potential as Scaffolds for Culturing of Mammalian Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110695. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various gelatin-containing gel materials are used as scaffolds for animal and human cell culturing within the fields of cell technologies and tissue engineering. Cryostructuring is a promising technique for the preparation of efficient macroporous scaffolds in biomedical applications. In the current study, two new gelatin-based cryostructurates were synthesized, their physicochemical properties and microstructure were evaluated, and their ability to serve as biocompatible scaffolds for mammalian cells culturing was tested. The preparation procedure included the dissolution of Type A gelatin in water, the addition of urea to inhibit self-gelation, the freezing of such a solution, ice sublimation in vacuo, and urea extraction with ethanol from the freeze-dried matter followed by its cross-linking in an ethanol medium with either carbodiimide or glyoxal. It was shown that in the former case, a denser cross-linked polymer phase was formed, while in the latter case, the macropores in the resultant biopolymer material were wider. The subsequent biotesting of these scaffolds demonstrated their biocompatibility for human mesenchymal stromal cells and HepG2 cells during subcutaneous implantation in rats. Albumin secretion and urea synthesis by HepG2 cells confirmed the possibility of using gelatin cryostructurates for liver tissue engineering.
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Casati S, Giannasi C, Niada S, Della Morte E, Orioli M, Brini AT. Lipidomics of Cell Secretome Combined with the Study of Selected Bioactive Lipids in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:959-970. [PMID: 35792075 PMCID: PMC9492289 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical advancements in lipidomics have enabled large-scale investigations of lipid biology. Herein, we focused on four bioactive lipid families, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines, and their involvement in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-related inflammatory scenario. Since MSC secretome may represent a valid therapeutic alternative, here, the complete secretome and its vesicular component from adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSC and dermal fibroblasts were characterized by targeted mass spectrometry lipidomics. The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) and the palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), previously quantified in the MSC's secretome, were further investigated by assessing hypothetical effects in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA) based on human primary articular chondrocytes (CH) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα enhances the release of the inflammatory lipid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and an additional increment was observed when CH were treated with both TNFα and 2AG. In contrast, PEA downmodulates the PGE2 release to the levels of unstimulated CH suggesting a protective effect. TNFα also increases the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), in particular when combined with 2AG, while PEA partly blunts TNFα-induced COX2 expression. In addition, TNFα-stimulated CH produce significantly higher levels of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) both in the presence and in the absence of 2AG, and PEA was able to partially reduce NO release. Our results show a first partial lipidomic profile of MSC and DF secretome and suggest a possible implication of bioactive lipids in the OA scenario and in the future use of these cell-free products as innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,PhD Program in Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giannasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Niada
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Della Morte
- Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna T Brini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratorio di Applicazioni Biotecnologiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Wang B, Pang M, Song Y, Wang H, Qi P, Bai S, Lei X, Wei S, Zong Z, Lin S, Zhang X, Cen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Huang L, Tortorella M, Cheng B, Lee Y, Qin D, Li G. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells secretome promotes scarless diabetic wound healing through heat-shock protein family. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10354. [PMID: 36684113 PMCID: PMC9842061 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of patients with diabetic foot ulcers is urging the appearance of an effective biomedical drug. Senescence is one of the major reasons of aging-induced decline in the diabetic wound. Our previous studies have demonstrated the anti-senescence effect of secretomes derived from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSC). The present study tends to explore the potential role of hfMSC secretome (HFS) in wound healing through anti-aging. Meanwhile, we try to overcome several obstacles in the clinical application of stem cell secretome. A verticle bioreactor and microcarriers are employed to expand hfMSC and produce the HFS on a large scale. The HFS was then subjected to lyophilization (L-HFS). The PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles were used to encapsulate and protect L-HFS from degradation in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Results showed that HFS-PLGA significantly enhanced wound healing by promoting vascularization and inhibiting inflammation in the skin wound bed. We further analyzed the contents of HFS. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ) and label-free methods were used to identify peptides in the secretome. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that exosome production-related singling pathways and heat-shock protein family could be used as bio-functional markers and quality control for stem cell secretome production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Mengru Pang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of orthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Shikun Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaotong Cen
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Xia Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Hongjie Xu
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and HealthHong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong KongChina
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Yukwai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
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12
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Giannasi C, Mangiavini L, Niada S, Colombo A, Della Morte E, Vismara V, Ambrosanio A, Savadori P, Casati S, Peretti GM, Brini AT. Human Osteochondral Explants as an Ex Vivo Model of Osteoarthritis for the Assessment of a Novel Class of Orthobiologics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061231. [PMID: 35745803 PMCID: PMC9229444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease still lacking effective treatments. Its multifactorial etiology hampers the development of relevant preclinical models to evaluate innovative therapeutic solutions. In the last decade, the potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) secretome, or conditioned medium (CM), has emerged as an alternative to cell therapy. Here, we investigated the effects of the CM from adipose MSCs (ASCs), accounting for both soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, on human osteochondral explants. Biopsies, isolated from total knee replacement surgery, were cultured without additional treatment or with the CM from 106 ASCs, both in the absence and in the presence of 10 ng/mL TNFα. Tissue viability and several OA-related hallmarks were monitored at 1, 3 and 6 days. Specimen viability was maintained over culture. After 3 days, TNFα induced the enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase activity and glycosaminoglycan release, both efficiently counteracted by CM. The screening of inflammatory lipids, proteases and cytokines outlined interesting modulations, driving the attention to new players in the OA process. Here, we confirmed the promising beneficial action of ASC secretome in the OA context and profiled several bioactive factors involved in its progression, in the perspective of accelerating an answer to its unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Colombo
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Vismara
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ambrosanio
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Savadori
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
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13
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Barisón MJ, Nogoceke R, Josino R, Horinouchi CDDS, Marcon BH, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA, Robert AW. Functionalized Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair: The Value of Secretome-Instructive Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116010. [PMID: 35682690 PMCID: PMC9181449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair has been a challenge in the medical field for many years. Although treatments that alleviate pain and injury are available, none can effectively regenerate the cartilage. Currently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are among the developed strategies to treat cartilage injury. The use of stem cells, associated or not with scaffolds, has shown potential in cartilage regeneration. However, it is currently known that the effect of stem cells occurs mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors that act on local cells. In this review, we will address the use of the secretome—a set of bioactive factors (soluble factors and extracellular vesicles) secreted by the cells—of mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for cartilage regeneration. We will also discuss methodologies for priming the secretome to enhance the chondroregenerative potential. In addition, considering the difficulty of delivering therapies to the injured cartilage site, we will address works that use hydrogels functionalized with growth factors and secretome components. We aim to show that secretome-functionalized hydrogels can be an exciting approach to cell-free cartilage repair therapy.
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14
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Guo X, Schaudinn C, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A, Rancan F. Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium in a Human Ex Vivo Wound Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071198. [PMID: 35406762 PMCID: PMC8998073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have been extensively investigated for tissue repair therapies. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were shown to improve wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization and vascularization as well as modulating the inflammatory immune response. In this study, we used ex vivo human skin cultured in a six-well plate with trans-well inserts as a model for superficial wounds. Standardized wounds were created and treated with allogeneic ASCs, ASCs conditioned medium (ASC-CM), or cell culture medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). Skin viability (XTT test), histology (hematoxylin and eosin, H and E), β-catenin expression as well as inflammatory mediators and growth factors were monitored over 12 days of skin culture. We observed only a moderate time-dependent decrease in skin metabolic activity while skin morphology was preserved, and re-epithelialization occurred at the wound edges. An increase in β-catenin expression was observed in the newly formed epithelia, especially in the samples treated with ASC-CM. In general, increased growth factors and inflammatory mediators, e.g., hepatocytes growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor subunit AA (PDGF-AA), IL-1α, IL-7, TNF-α, and IL-10, were observed over the incubation time. Interestingly, different expression profiles were observed for the different treatments. Samples treated with ASC-CM significantly increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and PDGF-AA with respect to control, whereas the treatment with ASCs in DMEM with 10% FCS resulted in significantly increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-basic) and moderate increases of immunomodulatory cytokines. These results confirm that the wound microenvironment can influence the type of mediators secreted by ASCs and the mode as to how they improve the wound healing process. Comparative investigations with pre-activated ASCs will elucidate further aspects of the wound healing mechanism and improve the protocols of ACS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Christoph Schaudinn
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene 4 (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450518347
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