1
|
Liu HZ, Song XQ, Zhang H. Sugar-coated bullets: Unveiling the enigmatic mystery 'sweet arsenal' in osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27624. [PMID: 38496870 PMCID: PMC10944269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification process where sugar molecules (glycans) are covalently linked to proteins, lipids, or other biomolecules. In this highly regulated and complex process, a series of enzymes are involved in adding, modifying, or removing sugar residues. This process plays a pivotal role in various biological functions, influencing the structure, stability, and functionality of the modified molecules. Glycosylation is essential in numerous biological processes, including cell adhesion, signal transduction, immune response, and biomolecular recognition. Dysregulation of glycosylation is associated with various diseases. Glycation, a post-translational modification characterized by the non-enzymatic attachment of sugar molecules to proteins, has also emerged as a crucial factor in various diseases. This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted role of glycation in disease pathogenesis, with a specific focus on its implications in osteoarthritis (OA). Glycosylation and glycation alterations wield a profound influence on OA pathogenesis, intertwining with disease onset and progression. Diverse studies underscore the multifaceted role of aberrant glycosylation in OA, particularly emphasizing its intricate relationship with joint tissue degradation and inflammatory cascades. Distinct glycosylation patterns, including N-glycans and O-glycans, showcase correlations with inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and cellular senescence pathways, amplifying the degenerative processes within cartilage. Furthermore, the impact of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation in OA pathophysiology unveils critical insights into glycosylation-driven chondrocyte behavior and extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings illuminate potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers, signaling a promising avenue for targeted interventions in OA management. In this comprehensive review, we aim to thoroughly examine the significant impact of glycosylation or AGEs in OA and explore its varied effects on other related conditions, such as liver-related diseases, immune system disorders, and cancers, among others. By emphasizing glycosylation's role beyond OA and its implications in other diseases, we uncover insights that extend beyond the immediate focus on OA, potentially revealing novel perspectives for diagnosing and treating OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-qiu Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Xie L, Zeng H, Wu Y. PDK4 inhibits osteoarthritis progression by activating the PPAR pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:109. [PMID: 38308345 PMCID: PMC10835968 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by the deterioration of cartilage. However, the underlying mechanisms of OA pathogenesis remain elusive. METHODS Hub genes were screened by bioinformatics analysis based on the GSE114007 and GSE169077 datasets. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of OA was constructed by intra-articular injection of a mixture of papain and L-cysteine. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect pathological changes in OA rat models. Inflammatory cytokine levels in serum were measured employing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was implemented to assess the hub gene expressions in OA rat models. The roles of PDK4 and the mechanism regulating the PPAR pathway were evaluated through western blot, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), ELISA, and flow cytometry assays in C28/I2 chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. RESULTS Six hub genes were identified, of which COL1A1, POSTN, FAP, and CDH11 expressions were elevated, while PDK4 and ANGPTL4 were reduced in OA. Overexpression of PDK4 inhibited apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6), and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation protein expressions (MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4) in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Further investigation revealed that PDK4 promoted the expression of PPAR signaling pathway-related proteins: PPARA, PPARD, and ACSL1. Additionally, GW9662, an inhibitor of the PPAR pathway, significantly counteracted the inhibitory effect of PDK4 overexpression on IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. CONCLUSION PDK4 inhibits OA development by activating the PPAR pathway, which provides new insights into the OA management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lifeng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Du H, Wang X, Li B, Chen X, Yang X, Zhao C, Zhao J. ANGPTL4 May Regulate the Crosstalk Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Combined Analysis of Bioinformatics and Rat Models. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6361-6384. [PMID: 38161353 PMCID: PMC10757813 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s426439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crosstalk between intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated. However, the common mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to explore the shared gene signatures of IVDD and T2DM. Methods The expression profiles of IVDD (GSE27494) and T2DM (GSE20966) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Five hub genes including ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA were preliminarily screened. GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis, functional correlation analysis, immune filtration, Transcription factors (TFs)-mRNA-miRNA coregulatory network, and potential drugs prediction were performed following the identification of hub genes. RNA sequencing, in vivo and in vitro experiments on rats were further performed to validate the expression and function of the target gene. Results Five hub genes (ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA) were identified. GO analysis demonstrated the regulation of the immune system, extracellular matrix (ECM), and SMAD protein signal transduction. There was a strong correlation between hub genes and different functions, including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and ECM degradation. The immune filtration pattern grouped by disease and the expression of hub genes showed significant changes in the immune cell composition. TFs-mRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were constructed. In addition, pepstatin showed great drug-targeting relevance based on potential drugs prediction of hub genes. ANGPTL4, a gene that mediates the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity, was eventually determined after hub gene screening, validation by different datasets, RNA sequencing, and experiments. Discussion This study screened five hub genes and ANGPTL4 was eventually determined as a potential target for the regulation of the crosstalk in patients with IVDD and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|