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Gwag T, Lee S, Li Z, Newcomb A, Otuagomah J, Weinman SA, Liang Y, Zhou C, Wang S. Platelet-derived thrombospondin 1 promotes immune cell liver infiltration and exacerbates diet-induced steatohepatitis. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101019. [PMID: 38455470 PMCID: PMC10918562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Recent studies have implicated platelets, particularly α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. Notably, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a major component of the platelet α-granules released during platelet activation. Hence, we aimed to determine the role of platelet-derived TSP1 in NASH. Methods Platelet-specific Tsp1 knockout mice (TSP1Δpf4) and their wild-type littermates (TSP1F/F) were used. NASH was induced by feeding the mice with a diet enriched in fat, sucrose, fructose, and cholesterol (AMLN diet). A human liver NASH organoid model was also employed. Results Although TSP1 deletion in platelets did not affect diet-induced steatosis, TSP1Δpf4 mice exhibited attenuated NASH and liver fibrosis, accompanied by improvements in plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, TSP1Δpf4 mice showed reduced intrahepatic platelet accumulation, activation, and chemokine production, correlating with decreased immune cell infiltration into the liver. Consequently, this diminished proinflammatory signaling in the liver, thereby mitigating the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, in vitro data revealed that co-culturing TSP1-deficient platelets in a human liver NASH organoid model attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation and NASH progression. Additionally, TSP1-deficient platelets play a role in regulating brown fat endocrine function, specifically affecting Nrg4 (neuregulin 4) production. Crosstalk between brown fat and the liver may also influence the progression of NAFLD. Conclusions These data suggest that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 is a significant contributor to diet-induced NASH and fibrosis, potentially serving as a new therapeutic target for this severe liver disease. Impact and implications Recent studies have implicated platelets, specifically α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, yet the precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, through the utilization of a tissue-specific knockout mouse model and human 3D liver organoid, we demonstrated that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 significantly contributes to diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This contribution is, in part, attributed to the regulation of intrahepatic immune cell infiltration and potential crosstalk between fat and the liver. These findings suggest that platelet-derived TSP1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Alana Newcomb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Josephine Otuagomah
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Ying Liang
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 72 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA92521, United States
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
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2
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He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kurniawan DA, Leo S, Inamatsu M, Funaoka S, Aihara T, Aiko M, Rei I, Sakura T, Arakawa H, Kato Y, Matsugi T, Esashika K, Shiraki N, Kume S, Shinha K, Kimura H, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Gut-liver microphysiological systems revealed potential crosstalk mechanism modulating drug metabolism. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae070. [PMID: 38384383 PMCID: PMC10879850 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine and liver play important role in determining oral drug's fate. Both organs are also interconnected through enterohepatic circulation, which imply there are crosstalk through circulating factors such as signaling molecules or metabolites that may affect drug metabolism. Coculture of hepatocytes and intestinal cells have shown to increase hepatic drug metabolism, yet its crosstalk mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we aim to elucidate such crosstalk by coculturing primary human hepatocytes harvested from chimeric mouse (PXB-cells) and iPSc-derived intestinal cells in a microphysiological systems (MPS). Perfusion and direct oxygenation from the MPS were chosen and confirmed to be suitable features that enhanced PXB-cells albumin secretion, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes activity while also maintaining barrier integrity of iPSc-derived intestine cells. Results from RNA-sequencing showed significant upregulation in gene ontology terms related to fatty acids metabolism in PXB-cells. One of such fatty acids, arachidonic acid, enhanced several CYP enzyme activity in similar manner as coculture. From the current evidences, it is speculated that the release of bile acids from PXB-cells acted as stimuli for iPSc-derived intestine cells to release lipoprotein which was ultimately taken by PXB-cells and enhanced CYP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimas Agung Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sylvia Leo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Inamatsu
- PhoenixBio Co. Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | | | | | - Mizuno Aiko
- Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd., Tokyo 140-0002, Japan
| | - Inoue Rei
- Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd., Tokyo 140-0002, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Shinha
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Turan G, Reijnders LAJJ, de Jong JCBC. Towards unravelling the exercise-induced adaptations in circulating extracellular vesicles. J Physiol 2023; 601:5595-5596. [PMID: 37962856 DOI: 10.1113/jp285726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gül Turan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jelle C B C de Jong
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mastrototaro L, Roden M. The effects of extracellular vesicles and their cargo on metabolism and its adaptation to physical exercise in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Proteomics 2023:e2300078. [PMID: 37525338 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification represents the first-line strategy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is frequently associated with obesity and characterized by defective pancreatic insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Exercise training is an essential component of lifestyle modification and has been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance by reducing body fat mass and by enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin-independent glucose uptake. Additionally, exercising stimulates the release of exerkines such as metabolites or cytokines, but also long non-coding RNA, microRNAs, cell-free DNA (cf-DNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to inter-tissue communication. There is emerging evidence that EV number and content are altered in obesity and T2DM and may be involved in several metabolic processes, specifically either worsening or improving insulin resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the metabolic effects of exercise training and on the potential role of humoral factors and EV as new biomarkers for early diagnosis and tailored treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wei J, Wang Z, Han T, Chen J, Ou Y, Wei L, Zhu X, Wang K, Yan Z, Han YP, Zheng X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular and inter organ crosstalk of pancreatic islet in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170237. [PMID: 37305058 PMCID: PMC10248434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion of β-cells and insulin action in peripheral insulin target tissues, maintaining glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions, and it's also involved in pathological changes including autoimmune response, insulin resistance and β-cell failure associated with DM. In addition, EVs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents that respectively reflect the status and improve function and viability of pancreatic islets. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, discuss EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet under physiological and diabetic conditions, and summarize the emerging applications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan communication of pancreatic islets will broaden and enrich our knowledge of physiological homeostasis maintenance as well as the development, diagnosis and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingrui Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaoting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Li X, Yuan F, Zhou L. Organ Crosstalk in Acute Kidney Injury: Evidence and Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226637. [PMID: 36431113 PMCID: PMC9693488 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is becoming a public health problem worldwide. AKI is usually considered a complication of lung, heart, liver, gut, and brain disease, but recent findings have supported that injured kidney can also cause dysfunction of other organs, suggesting organ crosstalk existence in AKI. However, the organ crosstalk in AKI and the underlying mechanisms have not been broadly reviewed or fully investigated. In this review, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory findings of organ crosstalk in AKI and highlight the related molecular mechanisms. Moreover, their crosstalk involves inflammatory and immune responses, hemodynamic change, fluid homeostasis, hormone secretion, nerve reflex regulation, uremic toxin, and oxidative stress. Our review provides important clues for the intervention for AKI and investigates important therapeutic potential from a new perspective.
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Lu K, Shi TS, Shen SY, Shi Y, Gao HL, Wu J, Lu X, Gao X, Ju HX, Wang W, Cao Y, Chen D, Li CJ, Xue B, Jiang Q. Defects in a liver-bone axis contribute to hepatic osteodystrophy disease progression. Cell Metab 2022; 34:441-457.e7. [PMID: 35235775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a metabolic bone disease that is often associated with chronic liver disease and is marked by bone loss. Here, we demonstrate that hepatic expression of the phosphatase PP2Acα is upregulated during HOD, leading to the downregulation of expression of the hepatokine lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Loss of LCAT function markedly exacerbates the bone loss phenotype of HOD in mice. In addition, we found that alterations in cholesterol levels are involved in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. We also found that LCAT improves liver function and relieves liver fibrosis in the mouse HOD model by promoting reversal of cholesterol transport from the bone to the liver. In summary, defects in a liver-bone axis occur during HOD that can be targeted to ameliorate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Shu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Si-Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hong-Liang Gao
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Xuefu Road, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Huang-Xian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Voelz C, Ebrahimy N, Zhao W, Habib P, Zendedel A, Pufe T, Beyer C, Slowik A. Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Leads to miRNA Alterations in Different Brain Regions, Blood Serum, Liver, and Spleen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010161. [PMID: 35008586 PMCID: PMC8745086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by an occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel resulting in neuronal cell death due to nutritional and oxygen deficiency. Additionally, post-ischemic cell death is augmented after reperfusion. These events are paralleled by dysregulated miRNA expression profiles in the peri-infarct area. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism in the peri-infarct region is crucial for developing promising therapeutics. Utilizing a tMCAo (transient Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion) model in rats, we studied the expression levels of the miRNAs (miR) 223-3p, 155-5p, 3473, and 448-5p in the cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus of both the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Additionally, the levels in the blood serum, spleen, and liver and the expression of their target genes, namely, Nlrp3, Socs1, Socs3, and Vegfa, were assessed. We observed an increase in all miRNAs on the ipsilateral side of the cerebral cortex in a time-dependent manner and increased miRNAs levels (miR-223-3p, miR-3473, and miR-448-5p) in the contralateral hemisphere after 72 h. Besides the cerebral cortex, the amygdala presented increased expression levels, whereas the thalamus and hippocampus showed no alterations. Different levels of the investigated miRNAs were detected in blood serum, liver, and spleen. The gene targets were altered not only in the peri-infarct area of the cortex but selectively increased in the investigated non-affected brain regions along with the spleen and liver during the reperfusion time up to 72 h. Our results suggest a supra-regional influence of miRNAs following ischemic stroke, which should be studied to further identify whether miRNAs are transported or locally upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Nahal Ebrahimy
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-89112
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O'Neill JD, Guenthart BA, Hozain AE, Bacchetta M. Xenogeneic support for the recovery of human donor organs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:1563-1570. [PMID: 34607726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Ahmed E Hozain
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
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Abstract
A highly complex network of organ communication plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis, specifically due to the modulation of the insulin signaling machinery. As a paradigm, the role of adipose tissue in organ crosstalk has been extensively investigated, but tissues such as muscles and the liver are equally important players in this scenario. Perturbation of organ crosstalk is a hallmark of insulin resistance, emphasizing the importance of crosstalk molecules in the modulation of insulin signaling, potentially leading to defects in insulin action. Classically secreted proteins are major crosstalk molecules and are able to affect insulin signaling in both directions. In this review, we aim to focus on some crosstalk mediators with an impact on the early steps of insulin signaling. In addition, we also summarize the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in relation to insulin signaling, a more recently discovered additional component of organ crosstalk. Finally, an attempt will be made to identify inter-connections between these two pathways of organ crosstalk and the potential impact on the insulin signaling network.
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Abstract
The heart is highly innervated by autonomic neurons, and dynamic autonomic regulation of the heart and blood vessels is essential for animals to carry out the normal activities of life. Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and myocardial infarction, are often characterized in part by an imbalance in autonomic nervous system activation, with excess sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activation. Notably, however, this is often accompanied by chronic inflammation within the cardiovascular tissues, which suggests there are interactions between autonomic dysregulation and inflammation. Recent studies have been unraveling the mechanistic links between autonomic nerves and immune cells within cardiovascular disease. The autonomic nervous system and immune system also act in concert to coordinate the actions of multiple organs that not only maintain homeostasis but also likely play key roles in disease-disease interactions, such as cardiorenal syndrome and multimorbidity. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological interactions between autonomic nerves and macrophages in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiology, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Many putative uremic toxins—like indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, kynurenic acid, uric acid, and CMPF—are organic anions. Both inter-organ and inter-organismal communication are involved. For example, the gut microbiome is the main source of indole, which, after modification by liver drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), becomes indoxyl sulfate. Various organic anion transporters (organic anion transporters, OATs; organic anion-transporting polypeptides, OATPs; multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MRPs, and other ABC transporters like ABCG2)—often termed “drug transporters”—mediate movement of uremic toxins through cells and organs. In the kidney proximal tubule, critical roles for OAT1 and OAT3 in regulating levels of protein-bound uremic toxins have been established using knock-out mice. OATs are important in maintaining residual tubular function in chronic kidney disease (CKD); as CKD progresses, intestinal transporters like ABCG2, which extrude urate and other organic anions into the gut lumen, seem to help restore homeostasis. Uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate also regulate signaling and metabolism, potentially affecting gene expression in extra-renal tissues as well as the kidney. Focusing on the history and evolving story of indoxyl sulfate, we discuss how uremic toxins appear to be part of an extensive “remote sensing and signaling” network—involving so-called drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes which modulate metabolism and signaling. This systems biology view of uremic toxins is leading to a new appreciation of uremia as partly due to disordered remote sensing and signaling mechanisms–resulting from, and causing, aberrant inter-organ (e.g., gut-liver- kidney-CNS) and inter-organismal (e.g., gut microbiome-host) communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lowenstein
- Department of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Nephrology), San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Granados JC, Richelle A, Gutierrez JM, Zhang P, Zhang X, Bhatnagar V, Lewis NE, Nigam SK. Coordinate regulation of systemic and kidney tryptophan metabolism by the drug transporters OAT1 and OAT3. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100575. [PMID: 33757768 PMCID: PMC8102410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How organs sense circulating metabolites is a key question. Here, we show that the multispecific organic anion transporters of drugs, OAT1 (SLC22A6 or NKT) and OAT3 (SLC22A8), play a role in organ sensing. Metabolomics analyses of the serum of Oat1 and Oat3 knockout mice revealed changes in tryptophan derivatives involved in metabolism and signaling. Several of these metabolites are derived from the gut microbiome and are implicated as uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease. Direct interaction with the transporters was supported with cell-based transport assays. To assess the impact of the loss of OAT1 or OAT3 function on the kidney, an organ where these uptake transporters are highly expressed, knockout transcriptomic data were mapped onto a “metabolic task”-based computational model that evaluates over 150 cellular functions. Despite the changes of tryptophan metabolites in both knockouts, only in the Oat1 knockout were multiple tryptophan-related cellular functions increased. Thus, deprived of the ability to take up kynurenine, kynurenate, anthranilate, and N-formylanthranilate through OAT1, the kidney responds by activating its own tryptophan-related biosynthetic pathways. The results support the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory, which describes how “drug” transporters help optimize levels of metabolites and signaling molecules by facilitating organ cross talk. Since OAT1 and OAT3 are inhibited by many drugs, the data implies potential for drug–metabolite interactions. Indeed, treatment of humans with probenecid, an OAT-inhibitor used to treat gout, elevated circulating tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, given that regulatory agencies have recommended drugs be tested for OAT1 and OAT3 binding or transport, it follows that these metabolites can be used as endogenous biomarkers to determine if drug candidates interact with OAT1 and/or OAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry C Granados
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anne Richelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jahir M Gutierrez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patrick Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vibha Bhatnagar
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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15
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Bonavia A, Stiles N. Renohepatic crosstalk: a review of the effects of acute kidney injury on the liver. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:1218-1228. [PMID: 33527986 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several theories regarding acute kidney injury (AKI)-related mortality have been entertained, although mounting evidence supports the paradigm that impaired kidney function directly and adversely affects the function of several remote organs. The kidneys and liver are fundamental to human metabolism and detoxification, and it is therefore hardly surprising that critical illness complicated by hepatorenal dysfunction portends a poor prognosis. Several diseases can simultaneously impact the proper functioning of the liver and kidneys, although this review will address the impact of AKI on liver function. While evidence for this relationship in humans remains sparse, we present supportive studies and then discuss the most likely mechanisms by which AKI can cause liver dysfunction. These include 'traditional' complications of AKI (uremia, volume overload and acute metabolic acidosis, among others) as well as systemic inflammation, hepatic leukocyte infiltration, cytokine-mediated liver injury and hepatic oxidative stress. We conclude by addressing the therapeutic implications of these findings to clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bonavia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stiles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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16
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Bagheri Y, Aghajani S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hoshmandan F, Abdollahpour A, Vahed SZ. Protective effects of Gamma Oryzanol on distant organs after kidney ischemia-reperfusion in rats: A focus on liver protection. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1022-1030. [PMID: 33325270 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main clinical concern resulted from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ample clinical data indicates that AKI is associated with distant organ dysfunctions and poor patients' outcomes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have a critical role in the pathogenesis of organ injuries following IRI. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Gamma Oryzanol (GO), extracted from rice bran oil, on distant organs in rats after IRI. METHODS Twelve out of 24 Wistar rats were treated by one dosage of GO (100mg/kg) 1 h before I/R induction through both oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection. Then, the AKI model rats were induced by IRI. Oxidative stress and antioxidant protein levels were assessed in the brain, heart, and liver tissues in the experimental groups. Furthermore, the effects of GO on IRI-induced liver dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation were measured by Western blot. RESULTS GO pretreatment could significantly restore the levels and activity of antioxidant proteins in the brain, heart, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, GO pretreatment could decrease the inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the liver (P < 0.01). By reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating caspase-3, GO could significantly diminish apoptosis in the liver tissue after the kidney I/R (P < 0.01). Additionally, GO could significantly diminish the deterioration of liver function in the kidney I/R model. CONCLUSION GO protects distant organs against renal IRI-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, it ameliorates liver function and remarkably exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic roles in the liver as an important detoxifying organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Bagheri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Aghajani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahla Hosseinzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Hoshmandan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Abdollahpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Drareni K, Ballaire R, Alzaid F, Goncalves A, Chollet C, Barilla S, Nguewa JL, Dias K, Lemoine S, Riveline JP, Roussel R, Dalmas E, Velho G, Treuter E, Gautier JF, Venteclef N. Adipocyte Reprogramming by the Transcriptional Coregulator GPS2 Impacts Beta Cell Insulin Secretion. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108141. [PMID: 32937117 PMCID: PMC7495095 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is maintained through organ crosstalk that regulates secretion of insulin to keep blood glucose levels within a physiological range. In type 2 diabetes, this coordinated response is altered, leading to a deregulation of beta cell function and inadequate insulin secretion. Reprogramming of white adipose tissue has a central role in this deregulation, but the critical regulatory components remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that expression of the transcriptional coregulator GPS2 in white adipose tissue is correlated with insulin secretion rate in humans. The causality of this relationship is confirmed using adipocyte-specific GPS2 knockout mice, in which inappropriate secretion of insulin promotes glucose intolerance. This phenotype is driven by adipose-tissue-secreted factors, which cause increased pancreatic islet inflammation and impaired beta cell function. Thus, our study suggests that, in mice and in humans, GPS2 controls the reprogramming of white adipocytes to influence pancreatic islet function and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Drareni
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Andreia Goncalves
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chollet
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Serena Barilla
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Jean-Louis Nguewa
- Department of Diabetes, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-9504), Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karine Dias
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Diabetes, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-9504), Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, DHU FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilberto Velho
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Diabetes, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-9504), Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
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18
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Abstract
The close association among cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney diseases suggests a common pathological basis and significant interaction among these diseases. Metabolic syndrome and cardiorenal syndrome are two examples that exemplify the interlinked development of disease or dysfunction in two or more organs. Recent studies have been sorting out the mechanisms responsible for the crosstalk among the organs comprising the cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal systems, including heart-kidney and adipose-liver signaling, among many others. However, it is also becoming clear that this crosstalk is not limited to just pairs of organs, and in addition to organ-organ crosstalk, there are also organ-system and organ-body interactions. For instance, heart failure broadly impacts various organs and systems, including the kidney, liver, lung, and nervous system. Conversely, systemic dysregulation of metabolism, immunity, and nervous system activity greatly affects heart failure development and prognosis. This is particularly noteworthy, as more and more patients present with two or more coexisting chronic diseases or conditions (multimorbidity) due in part to the aging of society. Advances in treatment also contribute to the increase in multimorbidity, as exemplified by cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. To understand the mechanisms underlying the increasing burden of multimorbidity, it is vital to elucidate the multilevel crosstalk and communication within the body at the levels of organ systems, tissues, and cells. In this article, we focus on chronic inflammation as a key common pathological basis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and discuss emerging mechanisms that drive chronic inflammation in the context of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Kaesler N, Babler A, Floege J, Kramann R. Cardiac Remodeling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030161. [PMID: 32150864 PMCID: PMC7150902 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling occurs frequently in chronic kidney disease patients and affects quality of life and survival. Current treatment options are highly inadequate. As kidney function declines, numerous metabolic pathways are disturbed. Kidney and heart functions are highly connected by organ crosstalk. Among others, altered volume and pressure status, ischemia, accelerated atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, disturbed mineral metabolism, renal anemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, uremic toxins, oxidative stress and upregulation of cytokines stress the sensitive interplay between different cardiac cell types. The fatal consequences are left-ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and capillary rarefaction, which lead to systolic and/or diastolic left-ventricular failure. Furthermore, fibrosis triggers electric instability and sudden cardiac death. This review focuses on established and potential pathophysiological cardiorenal crosstalk mechanisms that drive uremia-induced senescence and disease progression, including potential known targets and animal models that might help us to better understand the disease and to identify novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kaesler
- Clinic for Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Disease, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Babler
- Clinic for Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Disease, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Clinic for Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Disease, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Clinic for Renal and Hypertensive Disorders, Rheumatological and Immunological Disease, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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20
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Starr MC, Boohaker L, Eldredge LC, Menon S, Griffin R, Mayock DE, Li L, Askenazi D, Hingorani S. Acute Kidney Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Neonates Born Less than 32 Weeks' Gestation. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:341-348. [PMID: 31777046 PMCID: PMC7409513 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born <32 weeks of gestational age (GA). STUDY DESIGN Present study is a secondary analysis of premature infants born at <32 weeks of GA in the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort (n = 546). We stratified by gestational age and used logistic regression to determine association between AKI and moderate or severe BPD/mortality. RESULTS Moderate or severe BPD occurred in 214 of 546 (39%) infants, while death occurred in 32 of 546 (6%); the composite of moderate or severe BPD/death occurred in 246 of 546 (45%). For infants born ≤29 weeks of gestation, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AKI and the primary outcome was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47-2.86; p = 0.76). Infants born between 29 and 32 weeks of gestation with AKI had four-fold higher odds of moderate or severe BPD/death that remained after controlling for multiple factors (adjusted OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.07-8.61; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Neonates born between 29 and 32 weeks who develop AKI had a higher likelihood of moderate or severe BPD/death than those without AKI. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and evaluate mechanisms of multiorgan injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Starr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Louis Boohaker
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Laurie C. Eldredge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shina Menon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Russell Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dennis E. Mayock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Linzi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David Askenazi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sangeeta Hingorani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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21
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Starr MC, Boohaker L, Eldredge LC, Menon S, Griffin R, Mayock D, Askenazi D, Hingorani S. Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Poor Lung Outcomes in Infants Born ≥32 Weeks of Gestational Age. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:231-240. [PMID: 31739364 PMCID: PMC7408289 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and lung outcomes in infants born ≥32 weeks of gestational age (GA). STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of infants ≥32 weeks of GA in the assessment of worldwide acute kidney injury epidemiology in neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort (n = 1,348). We used logistic regression to assess association between AKI and a composite outcome of chronic lung disease (CLD) or death at 28 days of age and linear regression to evaluate association between AKI and duration of respiratory support. RESULTS CLD occurred in 82/1,348 (6.1%) infants, while death occurred in 22/1,348 (1.6%); the composite of CLD/death occurred in 104/1,348 (7.7%). Infants with AKI had an almost five-fold increased odds of CLD/death, which remained after controlling for GA, maternal polyhydramnios, multiple gestations, 5-minute Apgar's score, intubation, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-7.4; p < 0.0001). Infants with AKI required longer duration of respiratory support (count ratio = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14-2.23, p = 0.003) and oxygen (count ratio = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.68, p < 0.0001) compared with those without AKI. CONCLUSION AKI is associated with CLD/death and longer duration of respiratory support in infants born at ≥32 weeks of GA. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiologic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Starr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Louis Boohaker
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Laurie C. Eldredge
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shina Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Russell Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dennis Mayock
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Askenazi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sangeeta Hingorani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Hermert D, Martin IV, Reiss LK, Liu X, Breitkopf DM, Reimer KC, Alidousty C, Rauen T, Floege J, Ostendorf T, Weiskirchen R, Raffetseder U. The nucleic acid binding protein YB-1-controlled expression of CXCL-1 modulates kidney damage in liver fibrosis. Kidney Int 2019; 97:741-752. [PMID: 32061437 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common complication of advanced liver disease and increased mortality of these patients. Here, we analyzed the role of Y-box protein-1 (YB-1), a nucleic acid binding protein, in the bile duct ligation model of liver fibrosis and monitored liver and subsequent kidney damage. Following bile duct ligation, both serum levels of liver enzymes and expression of hepatic extracellular matrix components such as type I collagen were significantly reduced in mice with half-maximal YB-1 expression (Yb1+/-) as compared to their wild-type littermates. By contrast, expression of the chemokine CXCL1 was significantly augmented in these Yb1+/- mice. YB-1 was identified as a potent transcriptional repressor of the Cxcl1 gene. Precision-cut kidney slices from Yb1+/- mice revealed higher expression of the CXCL1 receptor CXCR2 as well as enhanced responsivity to CXCL1 compared to those from wild-type mice. Increased CXCL1 content in Yb1+/- mice led to pronounced bile duct ligation-induced damage of the kidneys monitored as parameters of tubular epithelial injury and immune cell infiltration. Pharmacological blockade of CXCR2 as well as application of an inhibitory anti-CXCL1 antibody significantly mitigated early systemic effects on the kidneys following bile duct ligation whereas it had only a modest impact on hepatic inflammation and function. Thus, our analyses provide direct evidence that YB-1 crucially contributes to hepatic fibrosis and modulates liver-kidney crosstalk by maintaining tight control over chemokine CXCL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hermert
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ina V Martin
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucy K Reiss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel M Breitkopf
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Rauen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Raffetseder
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Fox BM, Gil HW, Kirkbride-Romeo L, Bagchi RA, Wennersten SA, Haefner KR, Skrypnyk NI, Brown CN, Soranno DE, Gist KM, Griffin BR, Jovanovich A, Reisz JA, Wither MJ, D'Alessandro A, Edelstein CL, Clendenen N, McKinsey TA, Altmann C, Faubel S. Metabolomics assessment reveals oxidative stress and altered energy production in the heart after ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Kidney Int 2019; 95:590-610. [PMID: 30709662 PMCID: PMC6564679 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a systemic disease associated with widespread effects on distant organs, including the heart. Normal cardiac function is dependent on constant ATP generation, and the preferred method of energy production is via oxidative phosphorylation. Following direct ischemic cardiac injury, the cardiac metabolome is characterized by inadequate oxidative phosphorylation, increased oxidative stress, and increased alternate energy utilization. We assessed the impact of ischemic AKI on the metabolomics profile in the heart. Ischemic AKI was induced by 22 minutes of renal pedicle clamping, and 124 metabolites were measured in the heart at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days post-procedure. Forty-one percent of measured metabolites were affected, with the most prominent changes observed 24 hours post-AKI. The post-AKI cardiac metabolome was characterized by amino acid depletion, increased oxidative stress, and evidence of alternative energy production, including a shift to anaerobic forms of energy production. These metabolomic effects were associated with significant cardiac ATP depletion and with echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. In the kidney, metabolomics analysis revealed shifts suggestive of energy depletion and oxidative stress, which were reflected systemically in the plasma. This is the first study to examine the cardiac metabolome after AKI, and demonstrates that effects of ischemic AKI on the heart are akin to the effects of direct ischemic cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Fox
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hyo-Wook Gil
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lara Kirkbride-Romeo
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sara A Wennersten
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Korey R Haefner
- Department of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nataliya I Skrypnyk
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolyn N Brown
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Department of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katja M Gist
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin R Griffin
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Jovanovich
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew J Wither
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver VA Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan Clendenen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Altmann
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Faubel
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver VA Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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24
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Barlow J, Carter S, Solomon TPJ. Probing the Effect of Physiological Concentrations of IL-6 on Insulin Secretion by INS-1 832/3 Insulinoma Cells under Diabetic-Like Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1924. [PMID: 29966345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise improves insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) in patients with type 2 diabetes, but molecular mechanisms of this effect are yet to be determined. Given that contracting skeletal muscle causes a spike in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during exercise, muscle-derived IL-6 is a possible endocrine signal associated with skeletal muscle to β-cell crosstalk. Evidence to support a role of IL-6 in regulating the health and function of β-cells is currently inconsistent and studies investigating the role of IL-6 on the function of β-cells exposed to type 2 diabetic-like conditions are limited and often confounded by supraphysiological IL-6 concentrations. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent by which an exercise-relevant concentration of IL-6 influences the function of pancreatic β-cells exposed to type 2 diabetic-like conditions. Using insulin-secreting INS-1 832/3 cells as an experimental β-cell model, we show that 1-h IL-6 (10 pg/mL) has no effect on insulin secretion under normal conditions and does not restore the loss of insulin secretion caused by elevated glucose ± palmitate or IL-1β. Moreover, treatment of INS-1 832/3 cells to medium collected from C2C12 myotubes conditioned with electrical pulse stimulation does not alter insulin secretion despite significant increases in IL-6. Since insulin secretory defects caused by diabetic-like conditions are neither improved nor worsened by exposure to physiological IL-6 levels, we conclude that the beneficial effect of exercise on β-cell function is unlikely to be driven by muscle-derived IL-6.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of other organs is an important cause of poor outcomes from AKI. Ample clinical and epidemiologic data show that AKI is associated with distant organ dysfunction in lung, heart, brain, and liver. Recent advancements in basic and clinical research have demonstrated physiologic and molecular mechanisms of distant organ interactions in AKI, including leukocyte activation and infiltration, generation of soluble factors such as inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and endothelial injury. Oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species, as well as dysregulation of cell death in distant organs, are also important mechanism of AKI-induced distant organ dysfunction. This review updates recent clinical and experimental findings on organ crosstalk in AKI and highlights potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes during AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martina Cozzi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Errol L Bush
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease, encompassing a spectrum of progressive pathological changes from steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic steatosis/steatohepatitis is the initial stage of ALD and a major risk factor for advanced liver injuries. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 (human homolog, FGF19) is an ileum-derived hormone. Adipocyte-derived adiponectin and gut-derived FGF15/19 regulate each other, share common signaling cascades, and exert similar beneficial functions. Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulated adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis and impaired hepatic adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling are associated with alcoholic liver damage in rodents and humans. More importantly, endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling confers protection against ethanol-induced liver damage via fine tuning the adipose-intestine-liver crosstalk, leading to limited hepatic inflammatory responses, and ameliorated alcoholic liver injury. This review is focused on the recently discovered endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis that is emerging as an essential adipose-gut-liver coordinator involved in the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Takahashi H, Kotani K, Tanaka K, Egucih Y, Anzai K. Therapeutic Approaches to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Exercise Intervention and Related Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 30374329 PMCID: PMC6196235 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although it is difficult to eliminate the effects of body weight reduction and increased energy expenditure-some pleiotropic effects of exercise training-a number of studies involving either aerobic exercise training or resistance training programs showed ameliorations in NAFLD that are independent of the improvements in obesity and insulin resistance. In vivo studies have identified effects of exercise training on the liver, which may help to explain the "direct" or "independent" effect of exercise training on NAFLD. Exercise training increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression, improves mitochondrial function and leads to reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor genesis. Crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the microbiome is also a possible mechanism for the effect of exercise training on NAFLD. Although numerous studies have reported benefits of exercise training on NAFLD, the optimal duration and intensity of exercise for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD have not been established. Maintaining adherence of patients with NAFLD to exercise training regimes is another issue to be resolved. The use of comprehensive analytical approaches to identify biomarkers such as hepatokines that specifically reflect the effect of exercise training on liver functions might help to monitor the effect of exercise on NAFLD, and thereby improve adherence of these patients to exercise training. Exercise training is a robust approach for alleviating the pathogenesis of NAFLD, although further clinical and experimental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Egucih
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keizo Anzai
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Kingma JG, Simard D, Rouleau JR, Drolet B, Simard C. The Physiopathology of Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Review of the Potential Contributions of Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E21. [PMID: 29367550 PMCID: PMC5753122 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk plays an essential role in the physiological homeostasis of the heart and other organs, and requires a complex interaction between a host of cellular, molecular, and neural factors. Derangements in these interactions can initiate multi-organ dysfunction. This is the case, for instance, in the heart or kidneys where a pathological alteration in one organ can unfavorably affect function in another distant organ; attention is currently being paid to understanding the physiopathological consequences of kidney dysfunction on cardiac performance that lead to cardiorenal syndrome. Different cardiorenal connectors (renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous system activation, inflammation, uremia, etc.) and non-traditional risk factors potentially contribute to multi-organ failure. Of these, inflammation may be crucial as inflammatory cells contribute to over-production of eicosanoids and lipid second messengers that activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis. Indeed, inflammation biomarkers are often elevated in patients with cardiac or renal dysfunction. Epigenetics, a dynamic process that regulates gene expression and function, is also recognized as an important player in single-organ disease. Principal epigenetic modifications occur at the level of DNA (i.e., methylation) and histone proteins; aberrant DNA methylation is associated with pathogenesis of organ dysfunction through a number of mechanisms (inflammation, nitric oxide bioavailability, endothelin, etc.). Herein, we focus on the potential contribution of inflammation in pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kingma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Denys Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Jacques R Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Benoit Drolet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Chantale Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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29
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Askenazi D, Patil NR, Ambalavanan N, Balena-Borneman J, Lozano DJ, Ramani M, Collins M, Griffin RL. Acute kidney injury is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia/mortality in premature infants. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1511-8. [PMID: 25808019 PMCID: PMC5821263 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) impairs electrolyte balance, alters fluid homeostasis and decreases toxin excretion. More recent data suggest it also affects the physiology of distant organs. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study which invloved 122 premature infants [birth weight (BW) ≤1200 g and/or gestational age (GA) <31 weeks] to determine relationships between AKI and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/mortality. Days until oxygen discontinuation was compared between those with and without AKI in survivors who received oxygen for ≥24 h. RESULTS Acute kidney disease, defined by a rise in serum creatinine (SCr) of ≥0.3 mg/dl or an increase in SCr of ≥150%, occurred in 36/122 (30%) of the premature infants. Those with AKI had a 70% higher risk of oxygen requirement or of dying at 28 days of life [relative risk (RR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-2.39; p < 0.002]. This association remained after controlling for GA, pre-eclampsia, 5 min Apgar score and percentage maximum weight change (max % weight Δ) in the first 4 days (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.97); p < 0.02). Similar findings were noted for receipt of mechanical ventilation/death by day 28 (adjusted RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.22; p < 0.03). Those without AKI were 2.5-fold more likely to come off oxygen [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3-5; p < 0.02) than those with AKI, even when controlling for GA, pre-eclampsia, 5 min Apgar and max % weight Δ (multivariate HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.0; p < 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In premature infants, AKI is associated with BPD/mortality. As AKI could lead to altered lung physiology, interventions to ameliorate AKI could improve long-term BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Askenazi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, Lowder 516, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA,
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