1
|
Li R, Luan F, Zhao Y, Wu M, Lu Y, Tao C, Zhu L, Zhang C, Wan L. Crataegus pinnatifida: A botanical, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115819. [PMID: 36228891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crataegus pinnatifida belongs to the Rosaceae family and extensively distribute in North China, Europe, and North America. Its usage was first described in "Xinxiu Ben Cao." The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge or Crataegus pinnatifida var. major N. E. Br., also known as "Shanzha," is a famous medicine and food homology herb with a long history of medicinal usage in China. C. pinnatifida has the functions for digestive promotion, cardiovascular protection, and lipid reduction. It was traditionally used to treat indigestion, cardiodynia, thoracalgia, hernia, postpartum blood stagnation, and hemafecia. In recent years, C. pinnatifida has attracted worldwide attention as an important medicinal and economical crop due to its multiple and excellent health-promoting effects on cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, endocrine systems, and morbigenous microorganisms of the human body due to its medicinal and nutritional values. AIM OF THE REVIEW The current review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the geographical distribution, traditional usage, phytochemical components, pharmacological actions, clinical settings, and toxicities of C. pinnatifida. Moreover, the connection between the claimed biological activities and the traditional usage, along with the future perspectives for ongoing research on this plant, were also critically summarized. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the published literature on C. pinnatifida using a variety of scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Springer, Taylor & Francis, ACS Publications, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, The Plant List Database, and other literature sources (Ph.D. and MSc dissertations) from 2012 to 2022. RESULTS In the last decade, over 250 phytochemical compounds containing lignans, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and their glycosides, as well as other compounds, have been isolated and characterized from different parts, including the fruit, leaves, and seeds of C. pinnatifida. Among these compounds, flavonoids and triterpenoids were major bioactive components of C. pinnatifida. They exhibited a broad spectrum of pharmacological actions with low toxicity in vitro and in vivo, such as cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotection and other actions. CONCLUSION A long history of traditional uses and abundant pharmacochemical and pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that C. pinnatifida is an important medicine and food homology herb, which displays outstanding therapeutic potential, especially in the digestive system and cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the current studies on the active ingredients or crude extracts of C. pinnatifida and the possible mechanism of action are unclear. More evidence-based scientific studies are required to verify the traditional uses of C. pinnatifida. Furthermore, more efforts must be paid to selecting index components for quality control research and toxicity and safety studies of C. pinnatifida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Centre for Injection of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Resources Sanjiu (Yaan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yaan, Sichuan, 625000, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Chengtian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Lv Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Centre for Injection of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Resources Sanjiu (Yaan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yaan, Sichuan, 625000, PR China.
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JH, Shin H, Kim M, Kim S, Song K, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Solanum nigrum Line inhibits osteoclast differentiation and suppresses bone mineral density reduction in the ovariectomy‑induced osteoporosis model. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:607. [PMID: 34184079 PMCID: PMC8240179 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclasts that absorb bone and osteoblasts that form bone tissue. Menopausal osteoporosis is a disease associated with aging and hormonal changes due to menopause causing abnormal activation of osteoclasts, resulting in a decrease in bone density. Existing treatments for osteoporosis have been reported to have serious side effects, such as jawbone necrosis and breast and uterine cancer; therefore, their use by patients is decreasing, whilst studies focusing on alternative treatments are increasingly popular. Solanum nigrum Line (SL) has been used as a medicinal plant that possesses several pharmacological effects, such as anti‑inflammatory and hepatotoxic protective effects. To the best of our knowledge, however, its effects on osteoporosis and osteoclasts have not been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the anti‑osteoporotic effect of SL was investigated using a postmenopausal model of osteoporosis in which Sprague‑Dawley rat ovaries were extracted. In addition, the inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and function of SL was confirmed using an osteoclast model treated with receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand (RANKL) on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that SL reduced the decrease in bone mineral density and improved changes in the morphological index of bone microstructure, such as trabecular number and separation. In addition, the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase‑positive cells in the femur and the expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T‑cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and cathepsin K protein were inhibited. In vitro, SL suppressed RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption ability; this was mediated by NFATc1/c‑Fos, a key transcription factor involved in osteoclast differentiation, ultimately inhibiting expression of various osteoclast‑associated genes. These experimental results show that SL may be an alternative treatment for osteoporosis caused by abnormal activation of osteoclasts in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajeong Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangchan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim M, Kim JH, Hong S, Kwon B, Kim EY, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Effects of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach on RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation and OVX rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:610. [PMID: 34184080 PMCID: PMC8258467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which results in an increased risk of fracture. Melandrium firmum (Siebold & Zucc.) Rohrbach (MFR), 'Wangbulryuhaeng' in Korean, is the dried aerial portion of Melandrii Herba Rohrbach, which is a member of the Caryophyllaceae family and has been used to treat several gynecological conditions as a traditional medicine. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of MFR on osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis has not been assessed. To evaluate the effects of MFR on osteoclast differentiation, tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase staining, actin ring formation and bone resorption assays were used. Additionally, receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand‑induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c‑Fos were measured using western blotting and reverse transcription‑PCR. The expression levels of osteoclast‑related genes were also examined. To further investigate the anti‑osteoporotic effects of MFR in vivo, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of menopausal osteoporosis was established. Subsequently, the femoral head was scanned using micro‑computed tomography. The results revealed that MFR suppressed osteoclast differentiation, formation and function. Specifically, MFR reduced the expression levels of osteoclast‑related genes by downregulating transcription factors, such as NFATc1 and c‑Fos. Consistent with the in vitro results, administration of MFR water extract to OVX rats reduced BMD loss, and reduced the expression levels of NFATc1 and cathepsin K in the femoral head. In conclusion, MFR may contribute to alleviate osteoporosis‑like symptoms. These results suggested that MFR may exhibit potential for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boguen Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|