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Hayer SS, Conrin M, French JA, Benson AK, Alvarez S, Cooper K, Fischer A, Alsafwani ZW, Gasper W, Suhr Van Haute MJ, Hassenstab HR, Azadmanesh S, Briardy M, Gerbers S, Jabenis A, Thompson JL, Clayton JB. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis elicits gut-brain axis relevant multi-omic signatures and behavioral and neuroendocrine changes in a nonhuman primate model. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2305476. [PMID: 38284649 PMCID: PMC10826635 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most of this evidence comes from rodent models. The objective of this study was to evaluate if antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can elicit changes in gut metabolites and behavior indicative of gut-brain axis disruption in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) - a nonhuman primate model often used to study sociability and stress. We were able to successfully induce dysbiosis in marmosets using a custom antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin, enrofloxacin and neomycin) administered orally for 28 days. This gut dysbiosis altered gut metabolite profiles, behavior, and stress reactivity. Increase in gut Fusobacterium spp. post-antibiotic administration was a novel dysbiotic response and has not been observed in any rodent or human studies to date. There were significant changes in concentrations of several gut metabolites which are either neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA and serotonin) or have been found to be moderators of gut-brain axis communication in rodent models (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and bile acids). There was an increase in affiliative behavior and sociability in antibiotic-administered marmosets, which might be a coping mechanism in response to gut dysbiosis-induced stress. Increase in urinary cortisol levels after multiple stressors provides more definitive proof that this model of dysbiosis may cause disrupted communication between gut and brain in common marmosets. This study is a first attempt to establish common marmosets as a novel model to study the impact of severe gut dysbiosis on gut-brain axis cross-talk and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep S. Hayer
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mackenzie Conrin
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. French
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kathryn Cooper
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anne Fischer
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zahraa Wajih Alsafwani
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William Gasper
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Haley R. Hassenstab
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shayda Azadmanesh
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Missy Briardy
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Skyler Gerbers
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aliyah Jabenis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Primate Microbiome Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Yousof SM, Alghamdi BS, Alqurashi T, Alam MZ, Tash R, Tanvir I, Kaddam LA. Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1355. [PMID: 37895826 PMCID: PMC10610500 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7. RESULTS Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of -3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Preclinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, Pharmacology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Tash
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 3753450, Egypt
| | - Imrana Tanvir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamis AbdelGadir Kaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum 11211, Sudan
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Markers D. Retracted: Probiotic Supplement Preparation Relieves Test Anxiety by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in College Students. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9806830. [PMID: 37387773 PMCID: PMC10307291 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9806830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597401.].
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Kumar A, Pramanik J, Goyal N, Chauhan D, Sivamaruthi BS, Prajapati BG, Chaiyasut C. Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression: Unveiling the Relationships and Management Options. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040565. [PMID: 37111321 PMCID: PMC10146621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical for maintaining human health and the immunological system. Several neuroscientific studies have shown the significance of microbiota in developing brain systems. The gut microbiota and the brain are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, as research on the microbiome-gut-brain axis shows. Significant evidence links anxiety and depression disorders to the community of microbes that live in the gastrointestinal system. Modified diet, fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake, macro- and micro-nutrient intake, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and 5-HTP regulation may all be utilized to alter the gut microbiota as a treatment approach. There are few preclinical and clinical research studies on the effectiveness and reliability of various therapeutic approaches for depression and anxiety. This article highlights relevant research on the association of gut microbiota with depression and anxiety and the different therapeutic possibilities of gut microbiota modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Sonipat 131029, India
| | - Jhilam Pramanik
- Department of Food Technology, ITM University, Gwalior 474001, India
| | - Nandani Goyal
- Department of Skill Agriculture, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram 122003, India
| | - Dimple Chauhan
- School of Bio-Engineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, India
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Luan J, Yang M, Zhao Y, Zang Y, Zhang Z, Chen H. Aromatherapy with inhalation effectively alleviates the test anxiety of college students: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1042553. [PMID: 36687893 PMCID: PMC9853416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1042553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Test anxiety is one of the common psychological and behavioral problems of college students, which can result in poor academic performance and even academic failure. Aromatherapy has been proposed as a promising method to reduce test anxiety in college students, but its precise efficacy has not been fully confirmed. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of aromatherapy on the symptoms of test anxiety in college students to serve as a reference for future research and provide more scientific and exact evidence. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Science Direct, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-Text Database (VIP), and Wanfang Data were electronically searched from inception to June 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on aromatherapy for treating students' test anxiety. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for RCTs was used by two reviewers to critically and independently assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. Stata 17.0 was used for sensitivity analysis and Egger's test. Results Seven RCTs included 425 patients, with a moderate risk of bias in the included studies. The meta-analysis found that aromatherapy effectively reduced test anxiety in college students (SMD = -0.67, p < 0.01), with high heterogeneity of results (I 2 = 72%). The different types of essential oil devices used in the study are the source of inter-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis suggested that most effective methods were aromatherapy with compound essential oils (SMD = -0.91, p < 0.01), and using cloths or pads as the essential oil devices (SMD = -1.03, p < 0.01). There was no difference between aromatherapy and placebo control groups (SMD = -0.65, p = 0.25). Conclusion Aromatherapy with inhalation can help relieve test anxiety in college students, but more and higher-quality studies are needed. This study provides a reference for future research designs in terms of the selection of essential oil types and devices and the design of research groups. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022345767].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiage Luan
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengshu Yang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhu R, Fang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan R, Wang L, Li S, Chen T. Psychobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-326 relieves anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in test anxious college via modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158137. [PMID: 37033942 PMCID: PMC10077425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Test anxiety is a common issue among college students, which can affect their physical and psychological health. However, effective interventions or therapeutic strategies are still lacking. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-326 on test anxious college students. Methods Sixty anxious students were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo group and the probiotic group. Both groups were instructed to take placebo and JYLP-326 products twice per day for three weeks, respectively. Thirty unanxious students with no treatments were assigned to a regular control group. The anxiety, depression, and insomnia questionnaires were used to measure students' mental states at the baseline and the end of this study. 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed to analyze the changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolism. Results The questionnaire results suggested that JYLP-326 administration could relieve the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in test anxious students. The gut microbiomes of the placebo group showed a significantly greater diversity index than the control group (p < 0.05). An increased abundance of Bacteroides and Roseburia at the genus level was observed in the placebo group, and the relative abundance of Prevotella and Bifidobacterium decreased. Whereas, JYLP-326 administration could partly restore the disturbed gut microbiota. Additionally, test anxiety was correlated with disordered fecal metabolomics such as a higher Ethyl sulfate and a lower Cyclohexylamine, which could be reversed after taking JYLP-326. Furthermore, the changed microbiota and fecal metabolites were significantly associated with anxiety-related symptoms. Conclusion The results indicate that the intervention of L. plantarum JYLP-326 could be an effective strategy to alleviate anxiety, depression, and insomnia in test anxious college students. The potential mechanism underlying this effect could be related to the regulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yilin Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Tingtao Chen, ; Shengjie Li,
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Tingtao Chen, ; Shengjie Li,
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Factors That Influence the Use of Dietary Supplements among the Students of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127485. [PMID: 35742733 PMCID: PMC9224475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: The use of dietary supplements (DS) and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is increasing every year. The COVID-19 pandemic might additionally influence the use of such preparations. The study aimed to investigate factors influencing the use of dietary supplements (DS), including stress-relieving supplements, by the students. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 624 students of the Wroclaw Medical University in Poland, from the second to the last year of studies, completed the anonymous questionnaire, consisting of 22 items, about the use of DS/OTC drugs during the academic year 2020/2021. Obtained data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, the U-Mann Whitney test, the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post-hoc analysis, and with logistic regression. Results: About 70% of students declared the use of any DS, 33% used DS for stress, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems, and 59% used other DS. The most important factors influencing the decision to take any kind of DS were Division (p = 0.0001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, and confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.59), a self-estimated level of stress (p = 0.014, OR: 1.13, CI: 1.03–1.25), and self-estimated level of knowledge about DS (p = 0.0000, OR: 1.31, CI: 1.19–1.36). In the case of students taking DS for stress, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems, the level of stress and the declared knowledge had the greatest impact on the decision for such a use of DS (p = 0.0001, OD: 1.24, CI: 1.11–1.39 and p = 0.0000, OD: 1.35, CI: 1.22–1.5, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic did not change the pattern of DS/OTC drug usage in about 33% of students. Those who started taking DS during the pandemic accounted for 19% of all students. Conclusions: The use of DS is common among Wroclaw Medical University students with some differences between subgroups of respondents. Additionally, despite declared good knowledge about DS, most students declare the need to learn more about them.
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Correlation between Intestinal Microflora in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Severity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1031844. [PMID: 35634439 PMCID: PMC9132690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1031844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disease accompanied by changes in intestinal microecology. This study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and disease severity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods An observational study was performed on 60 IBS patients (study group) and 20 healthy controls admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Fecal samples were taken after admission to measure intestinal flora including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus, and patient blood was collected to determine serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. The gut microbiota and serum markers of the two groups were analyzed. The correlation of gut microbiota index levels and serum markers with disease severity, as well as the correlation between gut microbiota index levels and serum markers, were analyzed. Results The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter and serum D-lactate were higher in the study group than those in the control group. The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, serum D-lactate, and DAO were higher in patients with moderate IBS than those in patients with mild IBS. The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower in patients with severe IBS than those with moderate IBS, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, serum D-lactate, and DAO were higher in patients with severe IBS. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and disease severity and a significant positive correlation between the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, D-lactate, and DAO and disease severity. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and serum D-lactate and DAO, while there was a significant positive correlation between the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter and serum D-lactate and DAO (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intestinal flora, D-lactate, and DAO were abnormal in IBS patients, and intestinal flora was closely correlated with disease severity, D-lactate, and DAO levels.
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Zhu F, Tu H, Chen T. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Depression: The Potential Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Microbiota Combined Antidepression Effect. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102081. [PMID: 35631224 PMCID: PMC9144102 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a kind of worldwide mental illness with the highest morbidity and disability rate, which is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Experiments have demonstrated that the disorder of the intestinal microbial system structure plays a crucial role in depression. The gut–brain axis manifests a potential linkage between the digestion system and the central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, it has become an emerging trend to treat diseases by targeting intestinal microorganisms (e.g., probiotics) and combining the gut–brain axis mechanism. Combined with the research, we found that the incidence of depression is closely linked to the gut microbiota. Moreover, the transformation of the gut microbiota system structure is considered to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on the development of depression. This article reviewed the mechanism of bidirectional interaction in the gut–brain axis and existing symptom-relieving measures and antidepression treatments related to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhu
- Departments of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huaijun Tu
- Departments of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (T.C.)
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Calandre EP, Hidalgo-Tallon J, Molina-Barea R, Rico-Villademoros F, Molina-Hidalgo C, Garcia-Leiva JM, Carrillo-Izquierdo MD, Slim M. The Probiotic VSL#3 ® Does Not Seem to Be Efficacious for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptomatology of Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101063. [PMID: 34681287 PMCID: PMC8537098 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptomatology is frequent among patients with fibromyalgia, which increases disease burden and lacks specific treatment, either pharmacological or non-pharmacological. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a multi-strain probiotic, VSL#3®, for the treatment of fibromyalgia-associated gastrointestinal manifestations. This randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 12 weeks of probiotic or placebo treatment followed by 12 weeks of follow up. The primary outcome variable was the mean change from the baseline to the endpoint in the composite severity score of the three main gastrointestinal symptoms reported by patients with fibromyalgia (abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and meteorism). Secondary outcome variables were the severity of additional gastrointestinal symptoms, fibromyalgia severity, depression, sleep disturbance, health-related quality of life and patients' overall impression of improvement. No differences were found between VSL#3® (n = 54) and the placebo (n = 56) in the primary outcome (estimated treatment difference: 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.1, 4.2; p = 0.501), or in any of the secondary outcomes. However, responders to VSL#3 were more likely to maintain any improvement during the follow-up period compared to responders in the placebo arm. Overall, VSL#3 tolerability was good. Our data could not demonstrate any beneficial effects of VSL#3® either on the composite score of severity of abdominal pain, bloating and meteorism or in any of the secondary outcome variables. More research is needed to elucidate specific factors that may predict a favourable response to treatment in patients with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P. Calandre
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-T.); (F.R.-V.); (J.M.G.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-246-291
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Tallon
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-T.); (F.R.-V.); (J.M.G.-L.)
| | | | - Fernando Rico-Villademoros
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-T.); (F.R.-V.); (J.M.G.-L.)
| | | | - Juan M. Garcia-Leiva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-T.); (F.R.-V.); (J.M.G.-L.)
| | | | - Mahmoud Slim
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
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