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Pagani E, Ropke CD, Soares CM, Perez SAC, Benevides PJC, Barbosa BS, Carvalho ACB, Behrens MD. Technology Readiness Level Roadmap for Developing Innovative Herbal Medicinal Products. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:703. [PMID: 38931370 PMCID: PMC11206302 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast global botanical diversity, the pharmaceutical development of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) remains underexploited. Of over 370,000 described plant species, only a few hundred are utilized in HMPs. Most of these have originated from traditional use, and only a minority come from megadiverse countries. Exploiting the pharmacological synergies of the hundreds of compounds found in poorly studied plant species may unlock new therapeutic possibilities, enhance megadiverse countries' scientific and socio-economic development, and help conserve biodiversity. However, extensive constraints in the development process of HMPs pose significant barriers to transforming this unsatisfactory socio-economic landscape. This paper proposes a roadmap to overcome these challenges, based on the technology readiness levels (TRLs) introduced by NASA to assess the maturity of technologies. It aims to assist research entities, manufacturers, and funding agencies from megadiverse countries in the discovery, development, and global market authorization of innovative HMPs that comply with regulatory standards from ANVISA, EMA, and FDA, as well as WHO and ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pagani
- Medical Department, Azidus Brasil, Valinhos 13271-130, SP, Brazil
- Centroflora Group, Innovation Department, Campinas 06460-040, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Mota Soares
- Project Management Office, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aurora Chavez Perez
- Project Management Office, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cecilia Bezerra Carvalho
- GMESP, Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), Brasília 71205-050, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Natural Products Department, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
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Indrayanto G. Regulation and standardization of herbal drugs: Current status, limitation, challenge's and future prospective. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2023; 49:153-199. [PMID: 38423707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Herbal drugs (HD) or traditional drugs have been used worldwide for centuries, especially in the developing countries. Global market of HD reaches billion of USD annually and increases every year. For ensuring the safety and efficacy of HD, the Drug Agency/Authority issues regulations for the registration & application of new HD, their manufacturing processes, controlling and monitoring in the market. The efficacy and safety of HD depend on their whole chemical contents. Quality assessment of HD should be performed using standardization methods according to the current Pharmacopoeias or Materia Medica. Unfortunately, the official methods of the compendia cannot be applied for evaluation of mixed herbs and their preparations.; HD's producers should develop, validate, and standardize the method for the quality assessment of their own specific products. Therefore, assuring the safety and efficacy of HD remains a challenging task due to the complex nature of HD, that typically consist of many constituents of herbs/extracts whose quality may vary among different sources of materials. This present review will describe, compare, and discuss the regulations and standardization methods of HD from US, EU countries, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Indonesia. The official standardization methods of HD, their current criteria, limitations, challenge and future prospective will be described and discussed. Official methods for quality assessment of HD should be state of the art, fast, low-cost, accurate and precise, and could be used for evaluation of all kinds of HD.
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Gülpınar G, Uzun MB, Iqbal A, Anderson C, Syed W, Al-Rawi MBA. A model of purchase intention of complementary and alternative medicines: the role of social media influencers' endorsements. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:439. [PMID: 38053060 PMCID: PMC10696731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Media Influencers (SMIs) are a fashionable way of marketing products by creating electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) on social media. The marketing of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) by SMIs is becoming increasingly popular and gaining credibility within consumers on social media platforms. Nonetheless, advising about healthcare products on social media should be examined as it is different from endorsing other kinds of commercial products. The aim of this study is to develop a model that provides the underlying mechanisms of the stimuli of SMIs on social media towards consumers' purchase intention of CAMs. METHODS This study used best fit framework synthesis methods to develop the model. A priori theory selection was conducted by identifying a BeHEMoTh strategy (Behavior of Interest, Health context, Exclusions and Models or Theories) to systematically approach identifying relevant models and theories relative to the research aim. Further evidence derived from primary research studies that describe the behavior identified is coded against selected a priori theory to develop the model. RESULTS This study presents a novel model for understanding the purchase behavior of CAMs using SMIs as a marketing strategy. The model included two well-known theories (theory of planned behaviour theory and source credibility theory) as well as extensive existing research from a multidisciplinary perspective. The model is exclusively designed to help identify elements affecting perceived source credibility and factors that have an influence over consumers' preferences to purchase CAMs by taking into consideration SMIs' endorsements. CONCLUSIONS This study provides unique insights introducing new research areas to health literature and offers, new roles for healthcare professionals in this digital era by gaining new skills and competencies required to provide more credible and accurate information about CAMs. The study also highlights the new marketing era of online health-related product endorsements and recommends that policymakers and researchers carefully evaluate the impact of SMI's on the use of CAMs, as well as to regulate the content of these promotional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gülpınar
- Department of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Barlas Uzun
- Department of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Gülhane Pharmacy, Sağlık Bilimleri University, 06018, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Office of Lifelong Learning and the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G1C9, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Claire Anderson
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dwyer JT. Have safety and efficacy assessments of bioactives come of age? Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101103. [PMID: 35853784 PMCID: PMC9841065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes why the safety and efficacy assessment of non-nutrient bioactives for reducing chronic disease risk is so complicated, especially for dietary supplements and traditional medicines. Scientists, regulators, and the public have different and sometimes opposing perspectives about bioactives. Drug, food, and traditional medicine models used for bioactive safety assessment are based on different assumptions and use different processes. Efficacy assessment is seldom based on clinical trials of boactives' effects in reducing chronic disease risk. It usually consists of application of quality assurance measures and evaluation of label claims and commercial speech about ingredients or products to ensure conformity to regulations. Harmonization of safety and efficacy assessment on a global basis is difficult because of differences within and between regulatory systems. The recommendations provided may open the way for bioactives to play a larger health role in the future, fill gaps in data needed for crafting authoritative dietary guidance on intakes, and speed harmonization of global standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Gavanji S, Bakhtari A, Famurewa AC, Othman EM. Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201098. [PMID: 36595710 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, human beings have sought natural medications for treatment of various diseases. Weighty evidence demonstrates the use of chemical methodologies for sensitive evaluation of cytotoxic potentials of herbal agents. However, due to the ubiquitous use of cytotoxicity methods, there is a need for providing updated guidance for the design and development of in vitro assessment. The aim of this review is to provide practical guidance on common cell-based assays for suitable assessment of cytotoxicity potential of herbal medicines and discussing their advantages and disadvantages Relevant articles in authentic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID, from 1950 to 2022 were collected according to selection criteria of in vitro cytotoxicity assays and protocols. In addition, the link between cytotoxicity assay selection and different factors such as the drug solvent, concentration and exposure duration were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7133654361, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, PMB 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Prevalence and Characteristics of Australians Complementary Medicine Product Use, and Concurrent Use with Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications-A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020327. [PMID: 36678198 PMCID: PMC9860983 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Data about the characteristics and prevalence of complementary medicine (CM) product use by Australians, including concurrent use with prescription and over-the-counter medications, have not been collected in the last five years. A cross-sectional online survey involving a representative sample of the Australian population was administered in 2021-2022. Of the 2351 survey responses included in this study, 49.4% reported use of a CM product over the previous 12-month period. Of these, 50% reported they always or often used CM products on the same day as a prescription medicine. Participants aged 65 and over were five times more likely to use CMs and other medications on the same day compared to 18-24-year-olds. Lower levels of education and having a chronic illness were also predictors of same-day use. The prevalence and characteristics of CM use by participants was similar to data collected five years ago. The study shows that concurrent use of CM products with prescription medications among older and more vulnerable populations is prevalent and this area requires further research to help ensure appropriate and safe use of CM products.
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