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Li L, He Y, Liu K, Liu L, Shan S, Liu H, Ren J, Sun S, Wang M, Jia J, Wang P. GITRL impairs hepatocyte repopulation by liver progenitor cells to aggravate inflammation and fibrosis by GITR +CD8 + T lymphocytes in CDE Mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:114. [PMID: 38321001 PMCID: PMC10847460 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative pathway for liver regeneration, liver progenitor cells and their derived ductular reaction cells increase during the progression of many chronic liver diseases. However, the mechanism underlying their hepatocyte repopulation after liver injury remains unknown. Here, we conducted progenitor cell lineage tracing in mice and found that fewer than 2% of hepatocytes were derived from liver progenitor cells after 9 weeks of injury with a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine (CDE), and this percentage increased approximately three-fold after 3 weeks of recovery. We also found that the proportion of liver progenitor cells double positive for the ligand of glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITRL, also called Tnfsf18) and SRY-related HMG box transcription 9 (Sox9) among nonparenchymal cells increased time-dependently upon CDE injury and reduced after recovery. When GITRL was conditionally knocked out from hepatic progenitor cells, its expression in nonparenchymal cells was downregulated by approximately fifty percent, and hepatocyte repopulation increased by approximately three folds. Simultaneously, conditional knockout of GITRL reduced the proportion of liver-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes and glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR)-positive CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, GITRL stimulated cell proliferation but suppressed the differentiation of liver progenitor organoids into hepatocytes, and CD8+ T cells further reduced their hepatocyte differentiation by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, GITRL expressed by liver progenitor cells impairs hepatocyte differentiation, thus hindering progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Helin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shujie Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ren X, Xu J, Xue Q, Tong Y, Xu T, Wang J, Yang T, Chen Y, Shi D, Li X. BRG1 enhances porcine iPSC pluripotency through WNT/β-catenin and autophagy pathways. Theriogenology 2024; 215:10-23. [PMID: 38000125 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) enhances the pluripotency of embryonic and adult stem cells, however, its effect on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) pluripotency has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BRG1 on porcine iPSC pluripotency and its mechanisms. The effect of BRG1 on porcine iPSC pluripotency was explored by positive and negative control it. The mechanism was investigated by regulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and autophagy flux. The results showed that inhibition of BRG1 decreased pluripotency-related gene expression in porcine iPSCs; while its overexpression had the opposite effect, the expression of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway- and autophagy-related genes was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the BRG1 overexpressed group when compared to the control group. Inhibited pluripotency-related gene or protein expression, decreased autophagy flux, and increased mitochondrial length and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed when porcine iPSCs were treated with the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1. Forced BRG1 expression restored porcine iPSC pluripotency, increased autophagy flux, shortened mitochondria, and reduced MMP. Lastly, Compound C was used to activate porcine iPSC autophagy, and it was found that the expression of BRG1 and β-catenin increased, and pluripotency-related gene and protein expression was up-regulated; these effects were reversed when the BRG1 inhibitor PFI-3 and IWR-1 were added. These results suggested that BRG1 enhanced the pluripotency of porcine iPSCs through WNT/β-catenin and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jianchun Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qingsong Xue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tairan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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Ding Y, Zhao J, Xu X, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Jin K, Han W, Li B. Inhibition of Autophagy Maintains ESC Pluripotency and Inhibits Primordial Germ Cell Formation in Chickens. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4956871. [PMID: 37056458 PMCID: PMC10089774 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4956871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells. Transcriptome data showed that the autophagy genes MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3B were significantly upregulated in primordial germ cells (PGCs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) results showed that the lysosome signaling pathway, which is related to autophagy, was significantly enriched in PGCs. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that autophagy was expressed in both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and PGCs but was significantly activated in PGCs. To explore the role of autophagy in the differentiation of chicken ESCs into PGCs, autophagy was activated and inhibited using rapamycin and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Results of qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the efficiency of PGC formation significantly decreased after autophagy inhibition. Our results showed, for the first time, that autophagy plays an indispensable role in the formation of chicken PGCs, which lays the foundation for studying the mechanism of autophagy in chicken PGCs and in bird gene editing and the rescue of endangered birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xianshuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Han
- Poultry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Liver Regeneration and Cell Transplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121907. [PMID: 34944550 PMCID: PMC8699389 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease; however, the limitations of liver transplantation require further research into other alternatives. Considering that liver regeneration is prevalent in liver injury settings, regenerative medicine is suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. Upon the source of regenerating hepatocytes, liver regeneration could be divided into two categories: hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration (typical regeneration) and liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration (alternative regeneration). Due to the massive loss of hepatocytes, the alternative regeneration plays a vital role in end-stage liver disease. Advances in knowledge of liver regeneration and tissue engineering have accelerated the progress of regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. In this article, we generally reviewed the recent findings and current knowledge of liver regeneration, mainly regarding aspects of the histological basis of regeneration, histogenesis and mechanisms of hepatocytes' regeneration. In addition, this review provides an update on the regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. We conclude that regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. However, further studies are still required.
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