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Ferrà-Cañellas MDM, Garcia-Sureda L. Exploring the Potential of Micro-Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:552. [PMID: 38792574 PMCID: PMC11122531 DOI: 10.3390/life14050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, characterized by the progressive destruction of dental support tissues due to altered immune responses, poses a significant concern for public health. This condition involves intricate interactions between the immune response and oral microbiome, where innate and adaptive immune responses, with their diverse cell populations and inflammatory mediators, play crucial roles in this immunopathology. Indeed, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune cells perform key functions in tissue remodeling. Focusing on periodontal therapies, our attention turns to micro-immunotherapy (MI), employing low doses (LDs) and ultra-low doses (ULDs) of immunological signaling molecules like cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Existing studies across various fields lay the groundwork for the application of MI in periodontitis, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in soft tissue models based on in vitro research. In summary, this review underscores the versatility and potential of MI in managing periodontal health, urging further investigations to solidify its clinical integration. MI supports an innovative approach by modulating immune responses at low doses to address periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Ferrà-Cañellas
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life España, 07330 Consell, Spain
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Sun S, Xu X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wei W, Guo K, Jiang YN. A novel concentrated growth factor (CGF) and bio-oss based strategy for second molar protection after impacted mandibular third molar extraction: a randomized controlled clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:750. [PMID: 37828455 PMCID: PMC10571244 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars might cause large bone defects in the distal area of second molars. A new strategy was innovatively employed here combining autologous bone, Bio-Oss, concentrated growth factors (CGF) gel and CGF membrane for bone repair, and the present study aimed at exploring safety as well as short- and long-term efficacy of this new protocol clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 66 participants were enrolled in this randomized single-blind clinical trial, and randomly allocated to control group (only blood clots), test A group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss with barrier membrane) and test B group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss, CGF gel with CGF membrane). The postoperative outcomes including PoSSe scale, periodontal probing depth (PD), degree of gingival recession and computed tomography measurements were assessed at 3rd, 6th, 12th month. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In PoSSe scale, no significant difference was observed except a significant alleviation of early-stage pain perception in test B group (p < 0.05). Also, test B group exhibited better effect on periodontal healing and gingival recession reduction after 6 months (p < 0.05). Both two test groups showed more new bone formation than the control group (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the bone repair of test B group was significantly better than that of test A at 3rd and 6th month (p < 0.05), yet no difference was observed at 12th month (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both two test groups could achieve stable long-term efficacy on bone defect repair. The use of CGF gel and CGF membrane could accelerate early-stage bone repair, alleviate short-term pain after surgery, reduce long-term probing depth and relieve economic cost for patients. This new bone repair protocol is worthy of promoting by clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the identification number ChiCTR2300068466 on 20/02/2023 at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Also, it was ethically approved from the institutional ethics committee at the Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (No:2023-010-01), and has been conducted in accordance to the guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunan N. Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China
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Hu Z, Jiang Z, Meng S, Liu R, Yang K. Research Progress on the Osteogenesis-Related Regulatory Mechanisms of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1252-1267. [PMID: 36917312 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) derived from human umbilical cord tissue has accelerated and entered clinical application research. Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other sources, hUCMSCs can be extracted from different parts of umbilical cord or from the whole umbilical cord. It has the characteristics of less ethical controversy, high differentiation potential, strong proliferation ability, efficient expansion in vitro, avoiding immune rejection and immune privilege, and avoids the limitations of lack of embryonic stem cells, heterogeneity, ethical and moral constraints. hUCMSCs avoid the need for embryonic stem cell sources, heterogeneity, and ethical and moral constraints. Bone defects are very common in clinical practice, but completely effective bone tissue regeneration treatment is challenging. Currently, autologous bone transplantation and allogeneic bone transplantation are main treatment approaches in clinical work, but each has different shortcomings, such as limited sources, invasiveness, immune rejection and insufficient osteogenic ability. Therefore, to solve the bottleneck of bone tissue regeneration and repair, a great amount of research has been carried out to explore the clinical advantages of hUCMSCs as seed cells to promote osteogenesis.However, the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs is an extremely complex process. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated that the role of hUCMSCs in enhancing local bone regeneration and repair through osteogenic differentiation and transplantation into the body involves multiple signaling pathways, there is no relevant article that summarize the findings. This article discusses the osteogenesis-related regulatory mechanisms of hUCMSCs, summarizes the currently known related mechanisms, and speculates on the possible signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengzi Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Zhou Y, Liu X, She H, Wang R, Bai F, Xiang B. A silk fibroin/chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite biomimetic bone scaffold combined with autologous concentrated growth factor promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and repair of critical bone defects. Regen Ther 2022; 21:307-321. [PMID: 36110973 PMCID: PMC9459434 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the goal of increasing the translational efficiency of bone tissue engineering for practical clinical applications, biomimetic composite scaffolds combined with autologous endogenous growth factors for repairing bone defects have become a current research hotspot. In this study, we prepared a silk fibroin/chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) composite biomimetic scaffold and then combined it with autologous concentrated growth factor (CGF) to explore the effect of this combination on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the efficiency of repairing critical radial defects. Methods Three kinds of SF/CS/nHA composite biomimetic scaffolds with mass fractions of 3%, 4%, and 5% were prepared by vacuum freeze-drying and chemical cross-linking methods, and the characteristics of the scaffolds were evaluated. In vitro, BMSCs were seeded on SF/CS/nHA scaffolds, and then CGF was added. The morphology and proliferation of BMSCs were evaluated by live-dead staining, phalloidin staining, and CCK-8 assays. ALP staining, alizarin red staining, cellular immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo, a rabbit radius critical bone defect model was constructed, and the SF/CS/nHA-BMSC scaffold cell complex combined with CGF was implanted. The effect on bone defect repair was evaluated by 3D CT scanning, HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results The characteristics of 4% SF/CS/nHA were the most suitable for repairing bone defects. In vitro, the SF/CS/nHA combined CGF group showed better adhesion, cell morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than the other groups (P < 0.05 for all). In vivo imaging examination and histological analysis demonstrated that the SF/CS/nHA scaffold combined with CGF had better efficiency in bone defect repair than the other scaffolds (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions A SF/CS/nHA composite biomimetic bone scaffold combined with autologous CGF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and improved the repair efficiency of critical bone defects in vivo. This combination may have the potential for clinical translation due to its excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hongjiang She
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Bingyan Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi 563000, China
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Mao Y, Hu M, Chen L, Chen X, Liu M, Zhang M, Nie M, Liu X. CGF-HLC-I repaired the bone defect repair of the rabbits mandible through tight junction pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:976499. [PMID: 36204467 PMCID: PMC9530711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.976499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The human-like collagen I (HLC-I) combined concentrated growth factors was used to construct CGF-HLC-I composite biomaterials to repair the critical bone defect disease model of rabbit mandible. This study aimed to research the repair mechanism of CGF-HLC-I/Bio-Oss in rabbit mandibular critical bone defect, to provide a new treatment direction for clinical bone defect repair. Methods: The optimal concentration of HLC-I (0.75%) was selected in this study. Nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal control group, Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss and CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group (n = 3, each group). CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss were implanted into rabbit mandibles, then X-ray, Micro-CT, HE and Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and biomechanical testing were performed with the bone continuity or maturity at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The repair mechanism was studied by bioinformatics experiments. Results: As the material degraded, the rate of new bone formation in the CGF-0.75% HLC-I/Bio-Oss group was better than that the control group by micro-CT. The biomechanical test showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group were higher than those of the control group. HE and Masson staining showed that the bone continuity or maturity of the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group was better than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed significantly higher bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group than the control group at 8 and 12 W and the difference gradually decreased with time. There were 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss and CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss groups, containing 95 up-regulated proteins and 36 down-regulated proteins. KEGG database enrichment analysis showed actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) and myosin heavy-Chain 9 (MYH9) are the main potential differential proteins related to osteogenesis, and they are enriched in the TJs pathway. Conclusion: CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss materials are good biomaterials for bone regeneration which have strong osteoinductive activity. CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss materials can promote new bone formation, providing new ideas for the application of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials in oral clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Mao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miaoling Hu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Stomatology Technology, School of Medical Technology, Sichuan College of Traditional Medcine, Mianyang, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Maohua Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Menglian Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuqian Liu, ; Minhai Nie,
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuqian Liu, ; Minhai Nie,
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Luo X, Wan Q, Cheng L, Xu R. Mechanisms of bone remodeling and therapeutic strategies in chronic apical periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:908859. [PMID: 35937695 PMCID: PMC9353524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss. Uncontrolled infections often lead to extensive bone loss around the root tip, which ultimately leads to tooth loss. The main clinical issue in the treatment of periapical periodontitis is the repair of jawbone defects, and infection control is the first priority. However, the oral cavity is an open environment, and the distribution of microorganisms through the mouth in jawbone defects is inevitable. The subversion of host cell metabolism by oral microorganisms initiates disease. The presence of microorganisms stimulates a series of immune responses, which in turn stimulates bone healing. Given the above background, we intended to examine the paradoxes and connections between microorganisms and jaw defect repair in anticipation of new ideas for jaw defect repair. To this end, we reviewed the microbial factors, human signaling pathways, immune cells, and cytokines involved in the development of CAP, as well as concentrated growth factor (CGF) and stem cells in bone defect repair, with the aim of understanding the impact of microbial factors on host cell metabolism to inform the etiology and clinical management of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Cheng
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Ruoshi Xu,
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Ruoshi Xu,
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Xu W, Xia R, Tian F, Liu L, Li M, Fang S. microRNA-324-3p Promotes Osteoblasts Differentiation via Suppressing <i>SMAD7</i>. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Rui Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Feng Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Lei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Meng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
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