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Shimasaki M, Ichiseki T, Ueda S, Hirata H, Kawahara N, Ueda Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preconditioned with Hypoxia and Dexamethasone Promote Osteoblast Differentiation Under Stress Conditions. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1511-1517. [PMID: 38903930 PMCID: PMC11186427 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.91222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, are used in effective regenerative therapies. MSCs must be prompted to differentiate into osteoblasts for MSC transplantation to be effective. In this study, osteoblast differentiation markers involved in bone formation were evaluated to investigate the stress resistance of bone marrow-derived rat MSCs to dexamethasone and hypoxia and their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. MSCs were allowed to differentiate into osteoblasts for 21 days in three different environments (dexamethasone treatment, hypoxic conditions [1% oxygen], or both). Osteoblast differentiation potential was evaluated according to alkaline phosphatase levels and a mineralisation assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the protein expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers type I collagen and osteopontin. MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under hypoxic conditions but differentiated more slowly upon treatment with dexamethasone and dexamethasone plus hypoxia relative to the control. MSCs preconditioned with dexamethasone or hypoxia and then allowed to differentiate into osteoblasts under similar conditions differentiated comparably to control MSCs. MSCs that developed resistance to dexamethasone or hypoxia differentiated more quickly into osteoblasts than those that did not. The findings suggest that increasing the resistance of MSCs to stress by preconditioning them via dexamethasone or hypoxia exposure could result in more rapid differentiation into osteoblasts following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Shimasaki
- Department of Pathology 2, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toru Ichiseki
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shusuke Ueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Ueda
- Department of Pathology, Keiju Medical Center, 94, Tomiokamachi, Nanao, Ishikawa 926-0816, Japan
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Yuan N, Zhang W, Yang W, Ji W, Li J. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating inflammation, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:243. [PMID: 38622659 PMCID: PMC11020342 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions are involved in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH). Studies have explored the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting inflammatory reactions in steroid-induced ONFH and revealed that inhibiting inflammation may be a new strategy for preventing the development of steroid-induced ONFH. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages(M2-Exos) display anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of M2-Exos on early-stage steroid-induced ONFH and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. In vitro, we explored the effect of M2-Exos on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs). In vivo, we investigated the role of M2-Exos on inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis in an early-stage rat model of steroid-induced ONFH. We found that M2-Exos promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Additionally, M2-Exos effectively attenuated the osteonecrotic changes, inhibited the expression of proinflammatory mediators, promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis, reduced osteoclastogenesis, and regulated the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in steroid-induced ONFH. Taken together, our data suggest that M2-Exos are effective at preventing steroid-induced ONFH. These findings may be helpful for providing a potential strategy to prevent the development of steroid-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
- Xizang Minzu University, XianYang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Weizhou Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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Shi H, Yang Z, Cui J, Tao H, Ma R, Zhao Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a promising alternative in the therapy of preeclampsia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:30. [PMID: 38317195 PMCID: PMC10845755 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common morbid complication during pregnancy, affecting 2%-8% of pregnancies globally and posing serous risks to the health of both mother and fetus. Currently, the only effective treatment for PE is timely termination of pregnancy, which comes with increased perinatal risks. However, there is no effective way to delay pathological progress and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. In light of this, it is of great significance to seek effective therapeutic strategies for PE. Exosomes which are nanoparticles carrying bioactive substances such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, have emerged as a novel vehicle for intercellular communication. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) participate in various important physiological processes, including immune regulation, cell proliferation and migration, and angiogenesis, and have shown promising potential in tissue repair and disease treatment. Recently, MSC-Exos therapy has gained popularity in the treatment of ischaemic diseases, immune dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, and other fields due to their minimal immunogenicity, characteristics similar to donor cells, ease of storage, and low risk of tumor formation. This review elaborates on the potential therapeutic mechanism of MSC-Exos in treating preeclampsia, considering the main pathogenic factors of the condition, including placental vascular dysplasia, immunological disorders, and oxidative stress, based on the biological function of MSC-Exos. Additionally, we discuss in depth the advantages and challenges of MSC-Exos as a novel acellular therapeutic agent in preeclampsia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zejun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jianjian Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ruilin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shen Zhen, 518000, China.
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Tsubosaka M, Maruyama M, Lui E, Kushioka J, Toya M, Gao Q, Shen H, Li X, Chow SKH, Zhang N, Yang YP, Goodman SB. Preclinical models for studying corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35360. [PMID: 38247252 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory condition that commonly results in femoral head collapse and degenerative arthritis of the hip. In the early stages, surgical procedures for hip preservation, including core decompression (CD), have been developed to prevent progressive collapse of the femoral head. Optimization of bone regeneration and biological augmentation may further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CD for ONFH. Thus, combining CD with cell-based therapy has recently been proposed. In fact, patients treated with cell-based therapy using autologous bone marrow concentrate demonstrate improved survivorship of the femoral head, compared with conventional CD alone. Preclinical research studies to investigate adjunctive therapies for CD often utilize the rabbit model of corticosteroid-induced ONFH. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and decrease inflammation in bone. Local drug delivery systems have the potential to achieve targeted therapeutic effects by precisely controlling the drug release rate. Scaffolds can provide an osteoconductive structural framework to facilitate the repair of osteonecrotic bone tissue. We focused on the combination of both cell-based and scaffold-based therapies for bone tissue regeneration in ONFH. We hypothesized that combining CD and osteoconductive scaffolds would provide mechanical strength and structural cell guidance; and that combining CD and genetically modified (GM) MSCs to express relevant cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors would promote bone tissue repair. We developed GM MSCs that overexpress the anti-inflammatory, pro-reconstructive cytokines platelet-derived growth factor-BB to provide MSCs with additional benefits and investigated the efficacy of combinations of these GM MSCs and scaffolds for treatment of ONFH in skeletally mature male New Zealand white rabbits. In the future, the long-term safety, efficacy, durability, and cost-effectiveness of these and other biological and mechanical treatments must be demonstrated for the patients affected by ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huaishuang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Deng S, Cao H, Cui X, Fan Y, Wang Q, Zhang X. Optimization of exosome-based cell-free strategies to enhance endogenous cell functions in tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:68-84. [PMID: 37730080 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, owing to their biologically active cargoes such as RNAs and proteins. In recent years, they have emerged as a promising tool in the field of tissue regeneration, with the potential to initiate a new trend in cell-free therapy. However, it's worth noting that not all types of exosomes derived from cells are appropriate for tissue repair. Thus, selecting suitable cell sources is critical to ensure their efficacy in specific tissue regeneration processes. Current therapeutic applications of exosomes also encounter several limitations, including low-specific content for targeted diseases, non-tissue-specific targeting, and short retention time due to rapid clearance in vivo. Consequently, this review paper focuses on exosomes from diverse cell sources with functions specific to tissue regeneration. It also highlights the latest engineering strategies developed to overcome the functional limitations of natural exosomes. These strategies encompass the loading of specific therapeutic contents into exosomes, the endowment of tissue-specific targeting capability on the exosome surface, and the incorporation of biomaterials to extend the in vivo retention time of exosomes in a controlled-release manner. Collectively, these innovative approaches aim to synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects of natural exosomes, optimizing exosome-based cell-free strategies to boost endogenous cell functions in tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Exosome-based cell-free therapy has recently emerged as a promising tool for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the characteristics and functions of exosomes from different sources that can facilitate tissue repair and their contributions to the regeneration process. To address the functional limitations of natural exosomes in therapeutic applications, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the latest engineering strategies. These strategies include optimizing exosomal contents, endowing tissue-specific targeting capability on the exosome surface, and incorporating biomaterials to extend the in vivo retention time of exosomes in a controlled-release manner. This review aims to explore and discuss innovative approaches that can synergistically improve endogenous cell functions in advanced exosome-based cell-free therapies for a broad range of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hongfu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Deng C, Dong K, Liu Y, Chen K, Min C, Cao Z, Wu P, Luo G, Cheng G, Qing L, Tang J. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote the survival of skin flaps after ischaemia-reperfusion injury via mTOR/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:340. [PMID: 37735391 PMCID: PMC10514998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flap necrosis, the most prevalent postoperative complication of reconstructive surgery, is significantly associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Recent research indicates that exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hold potential therapeutic applications in several diseases. Traditionally, BMSCs are cultured under normoxic conditions, a setting that diverges from their physiological hypoxic environment in vivo. Consequently, we propose a method involving the hypoxic preconditioning of BMSCs, aimed at exploring the function and the specific mechanisms of their exosomes in ischaemia-reperfusion skin flaps. This study constructed a 3 × 6 cm2 caudal superficial epigastric skin flap model and subjected it to ischaemic conditions for 6 h. Our findings reveal that exosomes from hypoxia-pretreated BMSCs significantly promoted flap survival, decrease MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in ischaemia-reperfusion injured flap, and reduce oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Moreover, results indicated that Hypo-Exo provides protection to vascular endothelial cells from ischaemia-reperfusion injury both in vivo and in vitro. Through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we further compared the differential miRNA expression profiles between Hypo-Exo and normoxic exosomes. Results display the enrichment of several pathways, including autophagy and mTOR. We have also elucidated a mechanism wherein Hypo-Exo promotes the survival of ischaemia-reperfusion injured flaps. This mechanism involves carrying large amounts of miR-421-3p, which target and regulate mTOR, thereby upregulating the expression of phosphorylated ULK1 and FUNDC1, and subsequently further activating autophagy. In summary, hypoxic preconditioning constitutes an effective and promising method for optimizing the therapeutic effects of BMSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of flap ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangkang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuwei Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaojie Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gechang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Pulido-Escribano V, Dorado G, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Casado-Díaz A. Clinical Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Bone Regeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4385. [PMID: 37445420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is regulated by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and stem cells. Pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and traumatic fractures require effective treatments that favor bone formation and regeneration. Among these, cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed. MSC are osteoprogenitors, but their regenerative activity depends in part on their paracrine properties. These are mainly mediated by extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. EV modulates regenerative processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Thus, MSC-EV are currently an important tool for the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. This review describes the current knowledge of the effects of MSC-EV in the different phases of bone regeneration. MSC-EV has been used by intravenous injection, directly or in combination with different types of biomaterials, in preclinical models of bone diseases. They have shown great clinical potential in regenerative medicine applied to bone. These findings should be confirmed through standardization of protocols, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action, and appropriate clinical trials. All that will allow the translation of such cell-free therapy to human clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Victoria Pulido-Escribano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Department Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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Sedik AS, Kawana KY, Koura AS, Mehanna RA. Biological effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles on the structure of alveolar bone in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:205. [PMID: 36932362 PMCID: PMC10022145 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders; however, they can elicit several side effects such as osteoporosis. Several approaches can be made to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, including the use of stem cells. However, the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells depends on its released factors, including extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication as they participate in many physiological processes. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles on the structure of alveolar bone in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS Thirty adult albino male rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CG), glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GOG) and extracellular vesicles treated group (ExTG). Rats in the GOG and ExTG groups were injected with methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg/kg) intramuscularly in the quadriceps muscle 3 times per week for three weeks in the early morning. Afterwards, the rats in GOG group received a single vehicle injection (PBS) while each rat in the ExTG group received a single injection of extracellular vesicles (400 μg/kg suspended in 0.2 ml PBS) in the tail vein. Rats were euthanized 1 month after injection. Mandibles were dissected and the molar segments were prepared for histological preparation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). RESULTS Histology and scanning electron microscopyof bone tissue showed alveolar bone loss and bone resorption in the GOG group. while in the ExTG group, alveolar bone demostrated normal bone architecture. EDX showed that calcium percentage in GOG group was lower than ExTG group,which showed no statistically significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular vesicles may be a promising treatment modality in the treatment of bone diseases and in bone regeneration. However, further research is needed before stating that extracellular vesicles s can be used to treat bone disorders especially when translating to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Sedik
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khadiga Y. Kawana
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza S. Koura
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Radwa A. Mehanna
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Babajani A, Aghdaei HA, Arki MK, Afaghi S, Niknejad H, Vosough M. Exosomes for angiogenesis induction in ischemic disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:763-787. [PMID: 36786037 PMCID: PMC10003030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic disorders are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the current therapeutic approaches have improved life expectancy and quality of life, they are unable to "cure" ischemic diseases and instate regeneration of damaged tissues. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with an average size of 100-150 nm, secreted by many cell types and considered a potent factor of cells for paracrine effects. Since exosomes contain multiple bioactive components such as growth factors, molecular intermediates of different intracellular pathways, microRNAs and nucleic acids, they are considered as cell-free therapeutics. Besides, exosomes do not rise cell therapy concerns such as teratoma formation, alloreactivity and thrombotic events. In addition, exosomes are stored and utilized more convenient. Interestingly, exosomes could be an ideal complementary therapeutic tool for ischemic disorders. In this review, we discussed therapeutic functions of exosomes in ischemic disorders including angiogenesis induction through various mechanisms with specific attention to vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Furthermore, different delivery routes of exosomes and different modification strategies including cell preconditioning, gene modification and bioconjugation, were highlighted. Finally, pre-clinical and clinical investigations in which exosomes were used were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Gerami MH, Khorram R, Rasoolzadegan S, Mardpour S, Nakhaei P, Hashemi S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Aminian A, Samimi S. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs-derived exosomes in bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders: a new frontier. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:86. [PMID: 36803566 PMCID: PMC9939872 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles with a 30 to 150 nm diameter secreted by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other cells, such as immune cells and cancer cells. Exosomes convey proteins, bioactive lipids, and genetic components to recipient cells, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Consequently, they have been implicated in regulating intercellular communication mediators under physiological and pathological circumstances. Exosomes therapy as a cell-free approach bypasses many concerns regarding the therapeutic application of stem/stromal cells, including undesirable proliferation, heterogeneity, and immunogenic effects. Indeed, exosomes have become a promising strategy to treat human diseases, particularly bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders, because of their characteristics, such as potentiated stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and toxicity. In this light, a diversity of studies have indicated that inhibiting inflammation, inducing angiogenesis, provoking osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation and migration, and negative regulation of matrix-degrading enzymes result in bone and cartilage recovery upon administration of MSCs-derived exosomes. Notwithstanding, insufficient quantity of isolated exosomes, lack of reliable potency test, and exosomes heterogeneity hurdle their application in clinics. Herein, we will deliver an outline respecting the advantages of MSCs-derived exosomes-based therapy in common bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, we will have a glimpse the underlying mechanism behind the MSCs-elicited therapeutic merits in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Gerami
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Rasoolzadegan
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mardpour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyla Hashemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XObstetrician, Gynaecology & Infertility Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Aminian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Samimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Dong J, Wu B, Tian W. Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo): advantages in disease treatment. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6. [PMID: 36781483 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy has been reported to be a potential approach to treat various diseases and the paracrine role might be the underlying mechanism. Exosomes were considered an important part of this paracrine role. It was reported that maintenance of MSCs in hypoxia conditions for a short time has shown to be beneficial for the therapeutic effect of MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo), including the characteristics of hypoMSCs-Exo in morphology and contents, diseases in which hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective in disease treatment. Besides, we also discussed the limitations of current studies and the issues that needed to be improved in the application of hypoMSCs-Exo. This review aimed to promote a comprehensive and systematic understanding of this type of exosome with great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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13
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The potential effect of BMSCs with miR-27a in improving steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21051. [PMID: 36473889 PMCID: PMC9726984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frequently leads to femoral head collapse and subsequent hip arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of miR-27a on steroid-induced ONFH. Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, miR-27a, Runx2, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were first examined in bone marrow tissues from steroid-induced ONFH and controls. Subsequently, we overexpressed or knocked down miR-27a in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and detected cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation. In addition, miR-27a mimics and BMSCs were injected into the established steroid-induced ONFH rats, and the osteoprotective effects of both were evaluated. Dual luciferase reporter was used to test the targeting effect of miR-27a-3p and PPARG. miR-27a and Runx2 were lowly expressed in steroid-induced ONFH, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were highly expressed. Overexpression of miR-27a in BMSCs promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, increasing miR-27a and BMSCs obviously reduced bone loss in steroid induced ONFH rats. The expressions of Runx2 in BMSCs and steroid-induced ONFH rats was significantly up-regulated, while IL-6, TNF-α, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were down-regulated with miR-27a overexpression. Additionally, PPARG was the target of miR-27a-3p. The results of the present study reveal a role for miR-27a in promoting osteogenesis and may have a synergistic effect with BMSCs.
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14
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Zhang T, Yan S, Song Y, Chen C, Xu D, Lu B, Xu Y. Exosomes secreted by hypoxia-stimulated bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote grafted tendon-bone tunnel healing in rat anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:152-163. [PMID: 36263381 PMCID: PMC9550857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in clinic, firm and rapid integration of the grafted tendon into the bone tunnel remains a challenge. Exosomes from hypoxia-treated stem cells are beneficial for promoting angiogenesis and then coupling with osteogenesis. Therefore, exosomes from hypoxia-cultured bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (Hypo-Exos) may be a cell-free therapy for enhancing graft-bone incorporation after ACL reconstruction. Methods Exosomes from normoxia-cultured bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (Norm-Exos) or Hypo-Exos were respectively cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for in-vitro evaluating their functions in HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. A total of 87 rats with single-bundle ACL reconstructions in the right knee were randomly allocated into 3 different treatments: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with the adhesive hydrogel injection as control (Ctrl), Norm-Exos with the adhesive hydrogel injection (Norm-Exos), and Hypo-Exos with the adhesive hydrogel injection (Hypo-Exos). At postoperative weeks 2, 4, or 8, the ACL graft-bone integrations were evaluated. Results Hypo-Exos was a better stimulator for in-vitro HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation compared to PBS or Norm-Exos. Hypo-Exos within the adhesive hydrogel could be sustained-released at least 14 days around the peri-graft site. Radiologically, at week 4 or 8, femoral or tibial bone tunnel areas (BTA), as well as bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) of the femoral or tibial peri-graft bone in the Hypo-Exos group, improved significantly better than these parameters of the Ctrl and Norm-Exos groups (P<0.05 for all). Histologically, the grafted tendon-bone interface in the Hypo-Exos group showed significantly higher histologic scores at week 4 or 8 as compared with the other groups (P<0.05 for all). Immunofluorescent staining verified that type H vessels were more abundant in the Hypo-Exos group when compared to the Ctrl or Norm-Exos group at week 2. Biomechanically, the Hypo-Exos group exhibited a significantly heightened failure load compared with the Ctrl and Norm-Exos groups (P<0.05 for all) at 8 weeks. Meanwhile, the stiffness in the Hypo-Exos group was the greatest among the three groups. Conclusion Peri-graft Hypo-Exos injection accelerates grafted tendon-bone tunnel integration after ACL reconstruction by improving peri-graft bone microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaohang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangbao Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Corresponding author. No 87, Xiangya Road, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Corresponding author. No 87, Xiangya Road, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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15
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Liu X, Wang J, Wang P, Zhong L, Wang S, Feng Q, Wei X, Zhou L. Hypoxia-pretreated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes-loaded low-temperature extrusion 3D-printed implants for neural regeneration after traumatic brain injury in canines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1025138. [PMID: 36246376 PMCID: PMC9562040 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1025138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating brain defects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) still remains a significant difficulty, which has motivated interest in 3D printing to design superior replacements for brain implantation. Collagen has been applied to deliver cells or certain neurotrophic factors for neuroregeneration. However, its fast degradation rate and poor mechanical strength prevent it from being an excellent implant material after TBI. In the present study, we prepared 3D-printed collagen/silk fibroin/hypoxia-pretreated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs)-derived exosomes scaffolds (3D-CS-HMExos), which possessed favorable physical properties suitable biocompatibility and biodegradability and were attractive candidates for TBI treatment. Furthermore, inspired by exosomal alterations resulting from cells in different external microenvironments, exosomes were engineered through hypoxia stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells and were proposed as an alternative therapy for promoting neuroregeneration after TBI. We designed hypoxia-preconditioned (Hypo) exosomes derived from HUCMSCs (Hypo-MExos) and proposed them as a selective therapy to promote neuroregeneration after TBI. For the current study, 3D-CS-HMExos were prepared for implantation into the injured brains of beagle dogs. The addition of hypoxia-induced exosomes further exhibited better biocompatibility and neuroregeneration ability. Our results revealed that 3D-CS-HMExos could significantly promote neuroregeneration and angiogenesis due to the doping of hypoxia-induced exosomes. In addition, the 3D-CS-HMExos further inhibited nerve cell apoptosis and proinflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-6) expression and promoted the expression of an anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10), ultimately enhancing the motor functional recovery of TBI. We proposed that the 3D-CS-loaded encapsulated hypoxia-induced exosomes allowed an adaptable environment for neuroregeneration, inhibition of inflammatory factors and promotion of motor function recovery in TBI beagle dogs. These beneficial effects implied that 3D-CS-HMExos implants could serve as a favorable strategy for defect cavity repair after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingbo Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Implantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbo Feng, ; Xin Wei, ; Liangxue Zhou,
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbo Feng, ; Xin Wei, ; Liangxue Zhou,
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbo Feng, ; Xin Wei, ; Liangxue Zhou,
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16
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Exosomes derived from heat shock preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mice. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:24. [PMID: 36175910 PMCID: PMC9520862 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Whether heat shock pretreatment could be utilized to up-regulate 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70) expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes (HS-BMSC-Exo) to alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is deciphered in this study. Heat shock pretreatment was performed on BMSCs to induce HS-BMSC-Exo, which were further trans-tympanically administrated into cisplatin intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was assessed to indicate auditory sensitivity at 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz. Myosin 7a staining was utilized to detect the mature hair cells. The relative expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex were determined with Western blot in the cochlea. Diminished auditory sensitivity and increased hair cell loss could be observed in the cisplatin exposed mice with increased content of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and pro-caspase-1, and decreased content of IL-10, which could be reversed by HS-BMSC-Exo or BMSC-Exo administration. It was worth noting that HS-BMSC-Exo demonstrated more treatment benefits than BMSC-Exo in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Heat shock precondition may provide a new therapeutic option to produce exosomal HSP70, and HS-BMSC-Exo could be utilized to relieve cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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17
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Gupta S, Krishnakumar V, Soni N, Rao EP, Banerjee A, Mohanty S. Comparative proteomic profiling of Small Extracellular vesicles derived from iPSCs and tissue specific mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113354. [PMID: 36126717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging as crucial intercellular messengers that contribute to the physiological processes. EVs contain numerous functional proteins and nucleic acids derived from their parent cells and have different roles depending on their origin. Functionally, EVs transfer these biological materials from the parent cell to the recipient and thus exhibits a novel therapeutic platform for delivering therapeutics molecules to the target tissue. In this regard, EVs derived from stem cells such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells and iPSCs have demonstrated a higher ability to benefit regenerative medicine. Even though these stem cells share some common properties, due to the differences in their origin (cell sources, the hierarchy of potency, etc) the EVs cargo profiling and functionality may vary. METHOD We used iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to conduct a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of EVs derived from iPSCs and various tissue-specific MSCs in this study. Additionally, the data was analyzed using a variety of bioinformatic tools, including ProteinPilot for peptide and protein identification and quantification; Funrich, GO, Reactome, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) for pathway enrichment; the STRING database, and the inBio Discover tool for identifying known and predicted Protein-Protein networks. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed 223 differentially expressed proteins in these EVs; however, Wharton's jelly MSC-EV contained more exclusive proteins with higher protein expression levels. Additionally, 113 proteins were abundant in MSC-EVs, while others were shared between MSC-EVs and iPSC-EVs. Further, based on an in-depth examination of the proteins, their associated pathways, and their interactions with other proteins, it was determined that these proteins are involved in bone regeneration (9.3%), wound healing (4.4%), immune regulation (8.9%), cardiac regeneration (6.6%), neuro regeneration (8.9%), and hepatic regeneration (3.5%). CONCLUSION Overall, the results of our proteomic analysis indicate that EVs derived from MSCs have a more robust profile of proteins with higher expression levels than iPSCs. This is a significant finding, as it demonstrates the critical therapeutic role of EVs in a variety of diseases, as demonstrated by enrichment analysis, their versatility, and broad application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Krishnakumar
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naina Soni
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - E Pranshu Rao
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Motta F, Timilsina S, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Steroid-induced osteonecrosis. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100168. [PMID: 36213422 PMCID: PMC9535426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis associated with the use of glucocorticoids is a severe, potentially debilitating complication. In broader terms, it commonly involves the femoral head with secondary hip osteoarthritis. Osteonecrosis can also be caused by trauma and other non-traumatic factors besides steroid treatment. Nonetheless, glucocorticoid use is frequently observed in clinical settings in which this represents a common therapeutic option, including general practice, rheumatology and clinical immunology, among others. The pathogenesis involves genetic components, vascular impairment, adipocyte hypertrophy, and increased intraosseous pressure, ultimately leading to marrow and bone ischemia and necrosis and the process rapidly becomes irreversible. Osteonecrosis manifests with pain and impaired motility while the diagnosis is usually made with magnetic resonance imaging allowing early detection and potentially (dependent on the patient's needs for steroids and stage) timely management with conservative options, followed by joint replacement at late stages. In this review we discuss the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, staging, and management of this complication associated with glucocorticoid treatment.
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19
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Yang T, Li W, Peng A, Liu J, Wang Q. Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in a Mouse Model. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164743. [PMID: 36012982 PMCID: PMC9409675 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both hypoxia preconditioning and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exo) have been adopted to alleviate hair-loss-related ototoxicity. Whether hypoxic BMSCs-derived exosomes (hypBMSC-Exo) could alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is investigated in this study. Methods: Cisplatin intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice were trans-tympanically administered BMSC-Exo or hypBMSC-Exo in the left ear. Myosin 7a staining was utilized to detect mature hair cells. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was assessed to indicate auditory sensitivity at 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz. The relative expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and SOD2 were determined with RT-PCR and Western blot. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, and glutathione (GSH) in the middle turns of the cochlea were measured. Results: Up-regulated HIF-1α expression was observed in hypBMSC-Exo compared with BMSC-Exo. Diminished auditory sensitivity and increased hair cell loss was observed in the cisplatin-exposed mice with increased content of H2O2 and MDA and decreased content of SOD and GSH, which could be reversed by hypBMSC-Exo or BMSC-Exo administration. It is worth noting that hypBMSC-Exo demonstrated more treatment benefits than BMSC-Exo with up-regulated SOD1 and SOD2 expression in the middle turns of the cochlea tissues. Conclusions: Hypoxic preconditioning may provide a new therapeutic option in regenerative medicine, and hypBMSC-Exo could be utilized to alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qin Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13808419552
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20
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Zheng LW, Lan CN, Kong Y, Liu LH, Fan YM, Zhang CJ. Exosomal miR-150 derived from BMSCs inhibits TNF-α-mediated osteoblast apoptosis in osteonecrosis of the femoral head by GREM1/NF-κB signaling. Regen Med 2022; 17:739-753. [PMID: 35938412 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of exosomal miR-150 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Materials & methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry. Alizarin red staining was performed to detect calcium deposits. A rat model was established to assess the effects of exosomal miR-150 on ONFH in vivo. Results: Exosomes or exosomal miR-150 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoblast apoptosis and promoted osteogenic differentiation and autophagy. Exosomal miR-150 suppressed apoptosis and induced autophagy in TNF-α-treated osteoblasts by regulating the GREM1/NF-κB axis. Exosomal miR-150 also improved the pathological features of ONFH in vivo. Conclusion: Exosomal miR-150 alleviates ONFH by mediating the GREM1/NF-κB axis. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chun-Na Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yong-Mei Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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21
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Pulido-Escribano V, Torrecillas-Baena B, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Dorado G, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Casado-Díaz A. Role of hypoxia preconditioning in therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:453-472. [PMID: 36157530 PMCID: PMC9350626 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC) in cell therapy has received considerable attention because of their properties. These properties include high expansion and differentiation in vitro, low immunogenicity, and modulation of biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Curiously, the regenerative effect of MSC is partly due to their paracrine activity. This has prompted numerous studies, to investigate the therapeutic potential of their secretome in general, and specifically their extracellular vesicles (EV). The latter contain proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other metabolites, which can cause physiological changes when released into recipient cells. Interestingly, contents of EV can be modulated by preconditioning MSC under different culture conditions. Among them, exposure to hypoxia stands out; these cells respond by activating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) at low O2 concentrations. HIF has direct and indirect pleiotropic effects, modulating expression of hundreds of genes involved in processes such as inflammation, migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell apoptosis. Expression of these genes is reflected in the contents of secreted EV. Interestingly, numerous studies show that MSC-derived EV conditioned under hypoxia have a higher regenerative capacity than those obtained under normoxia. In this review, we show the implications of hypoxia responses in relation to tissue regeneration. In addition, hypoxia preconditioning of MSC is being evaluated as a very attractive strategy for isolation of EV, with a high potential for clinical use in regenerative medicine that can be applied to different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pulido-Escribano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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22
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Chen P, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Rong M. Impact of High-Altitude Hypoxia on Bone Defect Repair: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:842800. [PMID: 35620712 PMCID: PMC9127390 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching areas at altitudes over 2,500–3,000 m above sea level has become increasingly common due to commerce, military deployment, tourism, and entertainment. The high-altitude environment exerts systemic effects on humans that represent a series of compensatory reactions and affects the activity of bone cells. Cellular structures closely related to oxygen-sensing produce corresponding functional changes, resulting in decreased tissue vascularization, declined repair ability of bone defects, and longer healing time. This review focuses on the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on bone defect repair and discusses the possible mechanisms related to ion channels, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and epigenetics. Based on the key pathogenic mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies have also been suggested. This review contributes novel insights into the mechanisms of abnormal bone defect repair in hypoxic environments, along with therapeutic applications. We aim to provide a foundation for future targeted, personalized, and precise bone regeneration therapies according to the adaptation of patients to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Jia M, Zheng X, Liu Y, Wang C, Lei F, Niu H, Chunhong L. ZIF-8 nanoparticles coated with macrophage-derived microvesicles for sustained, targeted delivery of dexamethasone to arthritic joints. J Drug Target 2022; 30:1006-1016. [PMID: 35549591 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2077949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, it circulates in blood for a short time and it is linked to high risk of severe side effects caused by repeated dosing. Here, we encapsulated Dex onto zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to prepare metal-organic framework nanoparticles with high drug loading efficiency. To prevent clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and extend time in circulation, the nanoparticles were also camouflaged with macrophage-derived microvesicles (MV) to obtain the biomimetic drug delivery system MV/Dex/ZIF-8. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanosystem had high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, high stability, and long circulation time, and it permitted sustained drug release longer in inflamed joint tissues. Our study provides new insights into designing camouflaged drug carriers to prevent their phagocytosis and prolong their time in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenting Lei
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Hong Niu
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Li Chunhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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24
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Ma J, Sun Y, Zhou H, Li X, Bai Y, Liang C, Jia X, Zhang P, Yang L. Animal Models of Femur Head Necrosis for Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:214-227. [PMID: 35442092 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Femur head necrosis, also known as osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is a widespread disabling pathology mostly affecting young and middle-aged population and one of the major causes of total hip arthroplasty in the elderly. Currently, there are limited number of different clinical or medication options for the treatment or the reversal of progressive ONFH, but their clinical outcomes are neither satisfactory nor consistent. In pursuit of more reliable therapeutic strategies for ONFH, including recently emerged tissue engineering and biomaterials approaches, in vivo animal models are extremely important for therapeutic efficacy evaluation and mechanistic exploration. Based on the better understanding of pathogenesis of ONFH, animal modeling method has evolved into three major routes, including steroid-, alcohol-, and injury/trauma-induced osteonecrosis, respectively. There is no consensus yet on a standardized ONFH animal model for tissue engineering and biomaterial research; therefore, appropriate animal modeling method should be carefully selected depending on research purposes and scientific hypotheses. In this work, mainstream types of ONFH animal model and their modeling techniques are summarized, showing both merits and demerits for each. In addition, current studies and experimental techniques of evaluating therapeutic efficacy on the treatment of ONFH using animal models are also summarized, along with discussions on future directions related to tissue engineering and biomaterial research. Impact statement Exploration of tissue engineering and biomaterial-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of femur head necrosis is important since there are limited options available with satisfactory clinical outcomes. To promote the translation of these technologies from benchwork to bedside, animal model should be carefully selected to provide reliable results and clinical outcome prediction. Therefore, osteonecrosis of the femoral head animal modeling methods as well as associated tissue engineering and biomaterial research are overviewed and discussed in this work, as an attempt to provide guidance for model selection and optimization in tissue engineering and biomaterial translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Changzhou Blon Minimally Invasive Medical Device Technology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jiang H, Zhao H, Zhang M, He Y, Li X, Xu Y, Liu X. Hypoxia Induced Changes of Exosome Cargo and Subsequent Biological Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824188. [PMID: 35444652 PMCID: PMC9013908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are secreted by almost all types of cells and exist in almost all extracellular spaces. As an important mediator of intercellular communication, exosomes encapsulate the miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA, mRNA, cytokine, enzyme, lipid, and other components from the cytoplasm into its closed single membrane structure and transfer them to recipient units in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension and is involved in many pathological processes. Hypoxia influences the size, quantity, and expression of exosome cargos. Exosomes derived from hypoxic tumor cells transfer genetics, proteins, and lipids to the recipient units to exert pleiotropic effects. Different donor cells produce different cargo contents, target different recipient units and lead to different biological effects. Hypoxic exosomes derived from tumor cells uptaken by normoxic tumor cells lead to promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion; uptaken by extracellular space or liver lead to promoted metastasis; uptaken by endothelial cells lead to promoted angiogenesis; uptaken by immune cells lead to promoted macrophage polarization and changed tumor immune microenvironment. In addition to various types of tumors, hypoxic exosomes also participate in the development of diseases in the cardiovascular system, neuron system, respiratory system, hematology system, endocrine system, urinary system, reproduction system, and skeletomuscular system. Understanding the special characteristics of hypoxic exosomes provide new insight into elaborating the pathogenesis of hypoxia related disease. This review summarizes hypoxia induced cargo changes and the biological effects of hypoxic exosomes in tumors and non-malignant diseases in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqiu Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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26
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Li B, Xian X, Lin X, Huang L, Liang A, Jiang H, Gong Q. Hypoxia Alters the Proteome Profile and Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040575. [PMID: 35454164 PMCID: PMC9029684 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their exosomes (Exos) are effective treatments for regenerative medicine. Hypoxia was confirmed to improve the angiogenic potential of stem cells. However, the angiogenic effect and mechanism of hypoxia-preconditioned DPSC-Exos are poorly understood. We isolated exosomes from DPSCs under normoxia (Nor-Exos) and hypoxia (Hypo-Exos) and added them to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenic capacity were assessed by CCK-8, transwell, tube formation assays, qRT-PCR and Western blot. iTRAQ-based proteomics and bioinformatic analysis were performed to investigate proteome profile differences between Nor-Exos and Hypo-Exos. Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we silenced LOXL2 in HUVECs and rescued tube formation with Hypo-Exos. Hypo-Exos enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro superior to Nor-Exos. The proteomics analysis identified 79 proteins with significantly different expression in Hypo-Exos, among which LOXL2 was verified as being upregulated in hypoxia-preconditioned DPSCs, Hypo-Exos, and inflamed dental pulp. Hypo-Exos partially rescued the inhibitory influence of LOXL2 silence on HUVEC tube formation. In conclusion, hypoxia enhanced the angiogenic potential of DPSCs-Exos and partially altered their proteome profile. LOXL2 is likely involved in Hypo-Exos mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xuehong Xian
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China;
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xinwei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Luo Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ailin Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qimei Gong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (B.L.); (X.L.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (Q.G.)
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27
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Liu H, Jin M, Ji M, Zhang W, Liu A, Wang T. Hypoxic pretreatment of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes improved cognition by delivery of circ-Epc1 and shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization in an Alzheimer's disease mice model. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3070-3083. [PMID: 35366241 PMCID: PMC9037259 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the world. Increasing evidence has shown that exosomes from hypoxic pretreated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could be an effective cognitive function therapeutic in AD-associated pathophysiology. However, their role and regulatory mechanism remain largely unknown. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed circRNAs from ADSCs or hypoxia pretreated ADSC exosomes. Luciferase reporter assays and RT-qPCR were used to investigate the relationships between circ-Epc1, miR-770-3p, and TREM2. APP/PS1 double transgenic AD model mice were then used to study therapeutic effects regarding circ-Epc1 in ADSC exosomes. BV2 cells were used to show the regulatory relationships between circ-Epc1, miR-770-3p, and TREM2 and to show how these interactions modulated phenotypic transformations and inflammatory cytokine expressions in microglia. The results showed that exosomes from hypoxia pretreated ADSCs had a good therapeutic effect on improving cognitive functions by decreasing neuronal damage in the hippocampus. High-throughput sequencing showed that circ-Epc1 played an important role in hypoxia-pretreated ADSC exosomes regarding their ability to improve cognitive functions. Luciferase reporter assays showed that TREM2 and miR-770-3p were downstream targets of circ-Epc1. Overexpressing miR-770-3p or downregulating TREM2 reversed the effects of circ-Epc1 on M2 microglia during lipopolysaccharide treatment. In vivo experiments showed that circ-Epc1-containing ADSC exosomes increased the therapeutic effect of exosomes by improving cognitive function, decreasing neuronal damage, and shifting hippocampal microglia from the M1 polarization to the M2 polarization stages. Taken together, the data show that hypoxic pretreatment of ADSC exosomes improved cognition by delivery of circ-Epc1 and by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization in an AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Minxiu Ji
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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28
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Educating EVs to Improve Bone Regeneration: Getting Closer to the Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031865. [PMID: 35163787 PMCID: PMC8836395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of bone-related disorders is continuously growing as the aging of the population in developing countries continues to increase. Although therapeutic interventions for bone regeneration exist, their effectiveness is questioned, especially under certain circumstances, such as critical size defects. This gap of curative options has led to the search for new and more effective therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration; among them, the possibility of using extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining ground. EVs are secreted, biocompatible, nano-sized vesicles that play a pivotal role as messengers between donor and target cells, mediated by their specific cargo. Evidence shows that bone-relevant cells secrete osteoanabolic EVs, whose functionality can be further improved by several strategies. This, together with the low immunogenicity of EVs and their storage advantages, make them attractive candidates for clinical prospects in bone regeneration. However, before EVs reach clinical translation, a number of concerns should be addressed. Unraveling the EVs’ mode of action in bone regeneration is one of them; the molecular mediators driving their osteoanabolic effects in acceptor cells are now beginning to be uncovered. Increasing the functional and bone targeting abilities of EVs are also matters of intense research. Here, we summarize the cell sources offering osteoanabolic EVs, and the current knowledge about the molecular cargos that mediate bone regeneration. Moreover, we discuss strategies under development to improve the osteoanabolic and bone-targeting potential of EVs.
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