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Cao W, Qin C, Zhang Y, Wei J, Shad A, Qu R, Xian Q, Wang Z. Adsorption and migration behaviors of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Cr) in single and binary systems in typical Chinese soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175253. [PMID: 39111443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the competitive adsorption and migration behaviors of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in typical Chinese soils were investigated. It was observed that Hainan, Shanxi, and Zhejiang Mengjiadai soils exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for As (563 μg/g), Cd (653 μg/g), and Cr (383 μg/g), respectively. Heavy metals (HMs) adsorption capacities were predicted by Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models, and the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was employed to elucidate the effect of soil physicochemical properties on target values. Due to redox and complexation reaction, the primary factor affecting adsorption has changed from free state manganese (Mn) in single As system to antimony (Sb) in As/Cd and As/Cr systems. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of As increased by 49.4 % with the addition of Cd into Heilongjiang soil. Finally, the migration process of HMs in Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Hainan soils was simulated by column experiments. With a relatively large dispersion coefficient (D = 29.630 cm2/h) and small retardation factor (Rh = 0.030), Cr penetrated fastest in Heilongjiang soil. This research demonstrates that both the types and coexistence of HMs may affect the HMs behaviors in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Asam Shad
- Department of Environmental sciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Rouibah K, Ferkous H, Abdessalam-Hassan M, Mossab BL, Boublia A, Pierlot C, Abdennouri A, Avramova I, Alam M, Benguerba Y, Erto A. Exploring the Efficiency of Algerian Kaolinite Clay in the Adsorption of Cr(III) from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Computational Insights. Molecules 2024; 29:2135. [PMID: 38731626 PMCID: PMC11085289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study comprehensively investigates the adsorption behavior of chromium (Cr(III)) in wastewater using Algerian kaolinite clay. The structural and textural properties of the kaolinite clay are extensively characterized through a range of analytical methods, including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS, laser granulometry, N2 adsorption isotherm, and TGA-DTA. The point of zero charge and zeta potential are also assessed. Chromium adsorption reached equilibrium within five minutes, achieving a maximum removal rate of 99% at pH 5. Adsorption equilibrium is modeled using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Elovich, and Dubinin-Radushkevitch equations, with the Langmuir isotherm accurately describing the adsorption process and yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.422 mg/g for Cr(III). Thermodynamic parameters suggest the spontaneous and endothermic nature of Cr(III) sorption, with an activation energy of 26.665 kJ/mol, indicating the importance of diffusion in the sorption process. Furthermore, advanced DFT computations, including COSMO-RS, molecular orbitals, IGM, RDG, and QTAIM analyses, are conducted to elucidate the nature of adsorption, revealing strong binding interactions between Cr(III) ions and the kaolinite surface. The integration of theoretical and experimental data not only enhances the understanding of Cr(III) removal using kaolinite but also demonstrates the effectiveness of this clay adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study highlights the synergistic application of empirical research and computational modeling in elucidating complex adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Rouibah
- Laboratory of Materials-Elaborations-Properties-Applications, Department of Process Engineering, University Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique et Matériaux, Département de Technologie, Faculté de Technologie, Université 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Meniai Abdessalam-Hassan
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (M.A.-H.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Bencheikh Lehocine Mossab
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (M.A.-H.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Abir Boublia
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procèdes, Faculté de Technologie, Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif 19000, Algeria;
| | - Christel Pierlot
- Laboratoire UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, National Graduate School of Engineering Chemistry of Lille (ENSCL), 59650 Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France;
| | - Amdjed Abdennouri
- Laboratoire de Catalyse, Bioprocédés et Environnement, Université 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, BP 26, Route El Hadaik, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Ivalina Avramova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Block 11, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacotechnical (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif 19000, Algeria;
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Shooto N. Application of carbon from pomegranate husk for the removal of ibuprofen, cadmium and methylene blue from water. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20268. [PMID: 37810158 PMCID: PMC10560030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical products, dyes, and toxic metal ions in water is a major problem worldwide. This work developed low-cost pomegranate-based materials to uptake ibuprofen, cadmium and methylene blue from water. Pomegranate husks (PPH) were carbonized at 400 °C to form carbonized pomegranate husk (CPH), and nanoparticles were loaded into the carbon surface (NPH) by co-precipitation. SEM micrographs showed that the morphology of carbon was highly porous compared to pristine pomegranate husk. The data for BET revealed that CPH and NPH, had about a 20-fold increase in surface area of 142 m2/g and 190 m2/g respectively compared with 9.27 m2/g for PPH. The composites exhibited larger pore sizes and volumes. TEM images confirmed the loading of nanoparticles. The FTIR results showed that the materials had on their surface oxygenated groups such as -OH, -C]O, -COC and other groups like -NH and -C]C which are anticipated to play an essential role in the sorption of the pollutants. It was found that removal efficiency increased when there was a progressive increase in pollutant concentration for all adsorbents. The best pH value of the solution for the sorption processes was pH 8. The recorded adsorption capacities at pH 8 for Cd(II), IBU and MB were 92.85, 39.77 and 95.89 mg/g for NPH, 72.60, 32.58 and 80.59 mg/g for CPH and 32.78, 16.12 and 40.79 mg/g for PPH. Contact time studies showed three sorption steps. Step 1: rapid increase at the initial stage. Step 2: marginal uptake. Step 3: plateau. The trends indicated that sorption was influenced by temperature variation. The data for the thermodynamic parameter △Ho suggest that all the sorption processes were endothermic; the obtained positive values indicate this. The △Ho for PPH was between (64.33-69.08 kJ/mol), 82.84-86.03 kJ/mol for CPH and 87.17-88.96 kJ/mol for NPH. For PPH, molecular interactions were physisorption, and chemisorption for CPH and NPH. The △So has positive values, showing increased freedom during the sorption. The adsorbents followed PSO based on uptake processes involving syngenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.D. Shooto
- Adsorption Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Vaal University of Technology, P.O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa
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Tara N, Abomuti MA, Alshareef FM, Abdullah O, Allehyani ES, Chaudhry SA, Oh S. Nigella sativa-Manganese Ferrite-Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Nanomaterial: A Novel Adsorbent for Water Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:5007. [PMID: 37446669 PMCID: PMC10343191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel nanohybrid composite was fabricated via the incorporation of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles into the integrated surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and black cumin seeds (BC). The nanohybrid composite was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The characterization analysis revealed that the rGO-BC surface was decorated with the MnFe2O4. The strong chemical interaction (via electrostatic and H-bonding) between the integrated surface of rGO-BC and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles has been reported. The prepared composite was highly porous with a heterogeneous surface. The average size of the prepared composite was reported in the ranges of 2.6-7.0 nm. The specific surface area of the prepared composite was calculated to be 50.3 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.061 cc/g and a half pore width of 8.4 Å. As well, many functional sites on the nanohybrid composite surface were also found. This results in the excellent adsorption properties of nanohybrid composite and the effectual elimination of methylene blue dye from water. The nanohybrid was tested for various linear isotherms, such as Langmuir and Freundlich, for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The Freundlich isotherm was the well-fitted model, proving the adsorption is multilayer. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of nanohybrid composite for methylene blue was reported to be 74.627 mg/g at 27 °C. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order recommended surface interaction between the dye and nanohybrid composite. The interaction between methylene blue and the nanohybrid composite was also confirmed from the FTIR spectrum of the methylene blue-loaded adsorbent. The rate-determining step for the present study was intraparticle diffusion. Temperature-dependent studies of methylene blue adsorption were also carried out to estimate adsorption's free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The methylene blue adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. A comparison study revealed that the present materials could be successfully prepared and used for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Tara
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - May Abdullah Abomuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - F. M. Alshareef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Esam S. Allehyani
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif Ali Chaudhry
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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Mabungela N, Shooto ND, Mtunzi F, Naidoo EB, Mlambo M, Mokubung KE, Mpelane S. Multi-application of fennel (Foeniculum vulgaris) seed composites for the adsorption and photo-degradation of methylene blue in water. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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Kahdim QS, Abdelmoula N, Al-Karagoly H, Albukhaty S, Al-Saaidi J. Fabrication of a Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffold Loaded with Nigella sativa Extract for Biomedical Applications. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12010019. [PMID: 36810446 PMCID: PMC9944449 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, biocompatible electrospun nanofiber scaffolds were produced using poly(-caprolactone (PCL)/chitosan (CS) and Nigella sativa (NS) seed extract, and their potential for biomedical applications was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), total porosity measurements, and water contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the electrospun nanofibrous mats. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, as well as cell cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, using MTT and DPPH assays, respectively. The obtained PCL/CS/NS nanofiber mat was observed by SEM to have a homogeneous and bead-free morphology, with average diameters of 81.19 ± 4.38 nm. Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the electrospun PCL/Cs fiber mats decreased with the incorporation of NS when compared to the PCL/CS nanofiber mats. Efficient antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was displayed, and an in vitro cytotoxic assay demonstrated that the normal murine fibroblast cell line (L929 cells) remained viable after 24, 48, and 72 h following direct contact with the produced electrospun fiber mats. The results suggest that the PCL/CS/NS hydrophilic structure and the densely interconnected porous design are biocompatible materials, with the potential to treat and prevent microbial wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Shakir Kahdim
- College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, Iraq
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (Q.S.K.); (H.A.-K.)
| | - Najmeddine Abdelmoula
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hassan Al-Karagoly
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq
- Correspondence: (Q.S.K.); (H.A.-K.)
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Jabbar Al-Saaidi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq
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Redwan N, Tsegaye D, Abebe B. Synthesis of iron-magnetite nanocomposites for hexavalent chromium sorption. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Alakhras AIA, Amro AN. Assessment of the Ability of Processed Squeezed Nigella sativa Seeds to Effectively Remove Cadmium and Nickel Ions Form the Aqueous Solutions. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x22040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saygili Canlidinç R. Determination of the Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution Using EDTA Functionalized Prunus Dulcis L. Peels by Solid-Phase Extraction Method. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:976-984. [PMID: 35080672 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Prunus Dulcis L. Peels was modified with ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetic acid and used as the sorbent for the preconcentration of Cd(II) ions from aqueous media. To characterize the sorbent, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis were used. The optimum preconcentration conditions such as pH, eluent type, sample volume, sample flow rate and foreign ions effect were determined. The mean recovery and relative standard deviation values were found to be 100.7 ± 1.5 and 4.01% for Cd(II) ions. The capacity of the sorbent was obtained 277.8 mg g-1 from the Langmuir isotherm model. The limit of detection was calculated as 0.216 µg L-1 (P.F:40). In order to test the accuracy and applicability of the method, certified reference material and spiked water samples were analyzed. The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values (relative error < 10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Saygili Canlidinç
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art Faculty, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey.
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The Adsorption of Copper, Lead Metal Ions, and Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Pure and Treated Fennel Seeds. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5787690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work reports on pure and acid-treated fennel seed biomaterials for the removal of metal ions of copper Cu(II), lead Pb(II), and methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by batch adsorption. Pure fennel seeds were labelled as PFS; nitric and sulphuric acid-treated seeds were designated as NAFS and SAFS, respectively. The adsorbents were characterised by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, and BET. The SEM images revealed that the surface of the adsorbents was porous. However, physicochemical characterization further revealed that BET surface area, pore size, and pore width increased for NAFS and SAFS compared to PFS. FTIR results revealed that the peaks for cellulose −COC and −OH decreased considerably for NAFS and SAFS; this indicated that cellulose was hydrolyzed during acid treatment. Adsorption data showed that all biomaterials had a higher affinity for MB dye more than Pb(II) and Cu(II) metal ions. The maximum adsorption capacities onto PFS were 6.834, 4.179, and 2.902 mg/g and onto NAFS are 15.28, 14.44, and 4.475 mg/g, while those onto SAFS are 19.81, 18.79 and 6.707 mg/g respective for MB dye, Pb(II), and Cu(II) ions. Postadsorption analysis revealed that adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) was controlled mainly by the electrostatic attraction, while that of MB was synergistic of electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bond. It was found that the uptake processes of MB dye onto all adsorbents fitted Freundlich while both cations were described by Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters
o and
o indicated the endothermic nature and spontaneity of the processes, respectively.
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Adsorption of Zn 2+ from Synthetic Wastewater Using Dried Watermelon Rind (D-WMR): An Overview of Nonlinear and Linear Regression and Error Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206176. [PMID: 34684757 PMCID: PMC8539476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable wastewater treatment is one of the biggest issues of the 21st century. Metals such as Zn2+ have been released into the environment due to rapid industrial development. In this study, dried watermelon rind (D-WMR) is used as a low-cost adsorption material to assess natural adsorbents' ability to remove Zn2+ from synthetic wastewater. D-WMR was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). According to the results of the analysis, the D-WMR has two colours, white and black, and a significant concentration of mesoporous silica (83.70%). Moreover, after three hours of contact time in a synthetic solution with 400 mg/L Zn2+ concentration at pH 8 and 30 to 40 °C, the highest adsorption capacity of Zn2+ onto 1.5 g D-WMR adsorbent dose with 150 μm particle size was 25 mg/g. The experimental equilibrium data of Zn2+ onto D-WMR was utilized to compare nonlinear and linear isotherm and kinetics models for parameter determination. The best models for fitting equilibrium data were nonlinear Langmuir and pseudo-second models with lower error functions. Consequently, the potential use of D-WMR as a natural adsorbent for Zn2+ removal was highlighted, and error analysis indicated that nonlinear models best explain the adsorption data.
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Magnetite-Functionalized Horse Dung Humic Acid (HDHA) for the Uptake of Toxic Lead(II) from Artificial Wastewater. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetite-functionalized horse dung humic acid (HDHA) has been successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method, and the as-prepared adsorbent (MHDHA) has been applied as an easy-handling adsorbent for toxic Pb(II) in artificial wastewater. The MHDHA was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The FT-IR study showed that the MHDHA had the characteristics peaks of HA and Fe-O stretching. The XRD analysis revealed that the MHDHA had the
characteristic for magnetite. The TEM image and EDX analysis exhibited that the MHDHA with an average size of ∼14 nm was partially aggregated and contained (
) 9.89% carbon, 2.89% nitrogen, and 32.74% oxygen based on functional groups of HDHA. The stability improvement of MHDHA was showed by decreasing HDHA dissolved from 95% to less than 30% at pH 12 after magnetite functionalization. The post-adsorption handling improvement was evidenced by easy and quick retraction by an external magnet with a 62.95 emu/g magnetic strength value. The adsorption capacities were influenced by the pH and ionic strength, whilst the adsorption rates were well simulated by the Ho pseudo-second-order model. The removal uptake of Pb(II) ions increased when the initial concentration was increased and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model when the monolayer adsorption capacity was
(equal to 57.64 mg/g). The value of Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption energy (
) found in this study was 14.78 kJ/mol, which implied that ion exchange is the main mechanism involved in the adsorption process. The regeneration studies of MHDHA show that there was no significant change in composition, morphology, crystallinity, and functional group after five consecutive cycles of the adsorption-desorption process.
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