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Haga CL, Booker CN, Strivelli J, Boregowda SV, Phinney DG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of bone marrow resident versus culture-expanded mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:498-505. [PMID: 38372680 PMCID: PMC11065607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are defined as culture-expanded populations, and although these cells recapitulate many properties of bone marrow (BM) resident skeletal stem/progenitor cells, few studies have directly compared these populations to evaluate how culture adaptation and expansion impact critical quality attributes. METHODS We analyzed by RNA sequencing Lin-SCA1+ MSCs enriched from BM by immunodepletion (ID) and after subsequent culture expansion (Ex) and Lin-LEPR+ MSCs sorted (S) directly from BM. Pairwise comparisons were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between populations, and gene set enrichment analysis was employed to identify biological pathways/processes unique to each population. K-means cluster analysis resolved isolation status-dependent changes in transcription in pseudotime. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering segregated populations by isolation process, and principal component analysis identified transcripts related to vasculature development, ossification and inflammatory/cytokine signaling as key drivers of population variance. Pairwise comparisons identified 3849 DEGs in ID versus S BM-MSCs mapping to Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immune and metabolic processes and 334 DEGs in Ex versus ID BM-MSCs mapping to GO terms related to tissue development, cell growth and replication and organelle organization. K-means cluster analysis revealed significant differences in transcripts encoding stemness and differentiation markers, extracellular matrix structural constituents and remodeling enzymes and paracrine-acting factors between populations. CONCLUSIONS These comparative analyses reveal significant differences in gene expression signatures between BM resident and culture-expanded MSCs, thereby providing new insight into how culture adaptation/expansion endows the latter with unique quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Cori N Booker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jacqueline Strivelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Siddaraju V Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA.
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2
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Turlo AJ, Hammond DE, Ramsbottom KA, Soul J, Gillen A, McDonald K, Peffers MJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome Is Affected by Tissue Source and Donor Age. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1047-1059. [PMID: 37591507 PMCID: PMC10631804 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Variation in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) function depending on their origin is problematic, as it may confound clinical outcomes of MSC therapy. Current evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefits of MSCs are attributed to secretion of biologically active factors (secretome). However, the effect of donor characteristics on the MSC secretome remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the influence of donor age, sex, and tissue source, on the protein profile of the equine MSC secretome. We used dynamic metabolic labeling with stable isotopes combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify secreted proteins in MSC conditioned media (CM). Seventy proteins were classified as classically secreted based on the rate of label incorporation into newly synthesized proteins released into the extracellular space. Next, we analyzed CM of bone marrow- (n = 14) and adipose-derived MSCs (n = 16) with label-free LC-MS/MS. Clustering analysis of 314 proteins detected across all samples identified tissue source as the main factor driving variability in MSC CM proteomes. Linear modelling applied to the subset of 70 secreted proteins identified tissue-related difference in the abundance of 23 proteins. There was an age-related decrease in the abundance of CTHRC1 and LOX, further validated with orthogonal techniques. Due to the lack of flow cytometry characterization of MSC surface markers, the analysis could not account for the potential effect of cell population heterogeneity. This study provides evidence that tissue source and donor age contribute to differences in the protein composition of MSC secretomes which may influence the effects of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Turlo
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dean E Hammond
- epartment of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerry A Ramsbottom
- Computational Biology Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie Soul
- Computational Biology Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexandra Gillen
- Department of Veterinary Science, Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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3
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Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Du S, Elliman SJ, Zeugolis DI, O'Brien T. Carrageenan as a macromolecular crowding agent in human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cell culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126353. [PMID: 37591431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheet tissue engineering requires prolonged in vitro culture for the development of implantable devices. Unfortunately, lengthy in vitro culture is associated with cell phenotype loss and substantially higher cost of goods, which collectively hinder clinical translation and commercialisation of tissue engineered medicines. Although macromolecular crowding has been shown to enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix deposition, whilst maintaining cellular phenotype, the optimal macromolecular crowding agent still remains elusive. Herein, we evaluated the biophysical properties of seven different carrageenan molecules at five different concentrations and their effect on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell morphology, viability, metabolic activity, proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition and surface marker expression. All types of carrageenan (CR) assessed demonstrated a hydrodynamic radius increase as a function of increasing concentration; high polydispersity; and negative charge. Two iota CRs were excluded from further analysis due to poor solubility in cell culture. Among the remaining five carrageenans, the lambda medium viscosity type at concentrations of 10 and 50 μg/ml did not affect cell morphology, viability, metabolic activity, proliferation and expression of surface markers and significantly increased the deposition of collagen types I, III and IV, fibronectin and laminin. Our data highlight the potential of lambda medium viscosity carrageenan as a macromolecular crowding agent for the accelerated development of functional tissue engineered medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Orbsen Therapeutics Ltd, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland.
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5
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Lenz LS, Wink MR. The other side of the coin: mesenchymal stromal cell immortalization beyond evasion of senescence. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1593-1603. [PMID: 37341871 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising options to cellular therapy to several clinical disorders, mainly because of its ability to immunomodulate and differentiate into different cell types. Even though MSC can be isolated from different sources, a major challenge to understanding the biological effects is that the primary cells undergo replicative senescence after a limited number of cell divisions in culture, requiring time-consuming and technically challenging approaches to get a sufficient cell number for clinical applications. Therefore, a new isolation, characterization, and expansion is necessary every time, which increases the variability and is time-consuming. Immortalization is a strategy that can overcome these challenges. Therefore, here, we review the different methodologies available to cellular immortalization, and discuss the literature regarding MSC immortalization and the broader biological consequences that extend beyond the mere increase in proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Suéling Lenz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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6
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Goh D, Yang Y, Lee EH, Hui JHP, Yang Z. Managing the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regenerative Therapy: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030355. [PMID: 36978745 PMCID: PMC10045936 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects commonly result from trauma and are associated with significant morbidity. Since cartilage is an avascular, aneural, and alymphatic tissue with a poor intrinsic healing ability, the regeneration of functional hyaline cartilage remains a difficult clinical problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with multilineage differentiation potential, including the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Due to their availability and ease of ex vivo expansion, clinicians are increasingly applying MSCs in the treatment of cartilage lesions. However, despite encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data, inconsistencies in MSC proliferative and chondrogenic potential depending on donor, tissue source, cell subset, culture conditions, and handling techniques remain a key barrier to widespread clinical application of MSC therapy in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we highlight the strategies to manage the heterogeneity of MSCs ex vivo for more effective cartilage repair, including reducing the MSC culture expansion period, and selecting MSCs with higher chondrogenic potential through specific genetic markers, surface markers, and biophysical attributes. The accomplishment of a less heterogeneous population of culture-expanded MSCs may improve the scalability, reproducibility, and standardisation of MSC therapy for clinical application in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-5398
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7
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Jammes M, Contentin R, Cassé F, Galéra P. Equine osteoarthritis: Strategies to enhance mesenchymal stromal cell-based acellular therapies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115774. [PMID: 36846261 PMCID: PMC9950114 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that eventually leads to the complete degradation of articular cartilage. Articular cartilage has limited intrinsic capacity for self-repair and, to date, there is no curative treatment for OA. Humans and horses have a similar articular cartilage and OA etiology. Thus, in the context of a One Health approach, progress in the treatment of equine OA can help improve horse health and can also constitute preclinical studies for human medicine. Furthermore, equine OA affects horse welfare and leads to significant financial losses in the equine industry. In the last few years, the immunomodulatory and cartilage regenerative potentials of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated, but have also raised several concerns. However, most of MSC therapeutic properties are contained in their secretome, particularly in their extracellular vesicles (EVs), a promising avenue for acellular therapy. From tissue origin to in vitro culture methods, various aspects must be taken into consideration to optimize MSC secretome potential for OA treatment. Immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of MSCs can also be enhanced by recreating a pro-inflammatory environment to mimic an in vivo pathological setting, but more unusual methods also deserve to be investigated. Altogether, these strategies hold substantial potential for the development of MSC secretome-based therapies suitable for OA management. The aim of this mini review is to survey the most recent advances on MSC secretome research with regard to equine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jammes
- BIOTARGEN, UNICAEN, Normandie University, Caen, France
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8
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Dieterle MP, Gross T, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Becker K, Vach K, Kremer K, Proksch S. Characterization of a Stemness-Optimized Purification Method for Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells: An Approach to Standardization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203204. [PMID: 36291072 PMCID: PMC9600643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising for oral/craniofacial regeneration, but their purification and characterization is not yet standardized. hDPSCs from three donors were purified by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-assisted STRO-1-positive cell enrichment (+), colony derivation (c), or a combination of both (c/+). Immunophenotype, clonogenicity, stemness marker expression, senescence, and proliferation were analyzed. Multilineage differentiation was assessed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and extracellular matrix mineralization. To confirm the credibility of the results, repeated measures analysis and post hoc p-value adjustment were applied. All hDPSC fractions expressed STRO-1 and were similar for several surface markers, while their clonogenicity and expression of CD10/44/105/146, and 166 varied with the purification method. (+) cells proliferated significantly faster than (c/+), while (c) showed the highest increase in metabolic activity. Colony formation was most efficient in (+) cells, which also exhibited the lowest cellular senescence. All hDPSCs produced mineralized extracellular matrix. Regarding osteogenic induction, (c/+) revealed a significant increase in mRNA expression of COL5A1 and COL6A1, while osteogenic marker genes were detected at varying levels. (c/+) were the only population missing BDNF gene transcription increase during neurogenic induction. All hDPSCs were able to differentiate into chondrocytes. In summary, the three hDPSCs populations showed differences in phenotype, stemness, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. The data suggest that STRO-1-positive cell enrichment is the optimal choice for hDPSCs purification to maintain hDPSCs stemness. Furthermore, an (immuno) phenotypic characterization is the minimum requirement for quality control in hDPSCs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27047460
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kremer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Song Y, Li R, Ye M, Pan C, Zheng L, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Differences in chemotaxis of human mesenchymal stem cells and cervical cancer cells. Apoptosis 2022; 27:840-851. [PMID: 35849265 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion in tumor targeted therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on their unique tropism towards cancer cells. Despite similarities in morphology, immunophenotype, and differential potent in vitro, MSCs originated from different tissues do not necessarily have equivalent biological behaviors. It is important to screen the most chemotactic MSCs to cancer cells. In this study, different MSCs were isolated from various human tissues including adipose, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane, and chorion. The chemotaxis of human MSCs to cervical cancer cells was measured by CCK-8, ELISA and Transwell invasion assays. Western blotting was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. MSCs derived from distinct sources can be differently recruited to cervical cancer cells, among which chorion-derived MSC (CD-MSC) possessed the strongest tropic capacity. CXCL12 was found to be highly secreted by cervical cancer cells, in parallel with the expression of CXCR4 in all MSCs. CD-MSC displayed the highest level of CXCR4. These results indicated that CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway contributed to the different chemotaxis to cervical cancer cells of each MSCs. This study proposed that CD-MSC with the highest CXCR4 expression is a promising therapeutic vehicle for targeted therapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105858. [PMID: 35628667 PMCID: PMC9145091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-encapsulated particles secreted by virtually all cell types. EVs play an essential role in cellular crosstalk in health and disease. The cellular origin of EVs determines their composition and potential therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have shown a comparable therapeutic potential to their donor cells, making them a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic application of EVs circumvents some safety concerns associated with the transplantation of viable, replicating cells and facilitates the quality-controlled production as a ready-to-go, off-the-shelf biological therapy. Recently, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) suggested a set of minimal biochemical, biophysical and functional standards to define extracellular vesicles and their functions to improve standardisation in EV research. However, nonstandardised EV isolation methods and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species restrict the application of these standards in the veterinary field and, therefore, the species comparability and standardisation of animal experiments. In this study, EVs were isolated from equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs using two different isolation methods, stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs were established and validated. Equine EVs were characterised using a nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot and transelectron microscopy. Based on the ISEV standards, minimal criteria for defining equine EVs are suggested as a baseline to allow the comparison of EV preparations obtained by different laboratories.
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11
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Heterogeneity of In Vitro Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Strategies to Improve Their Therapeutic Actions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051112. [PMID: 35631698 PMCID: PMC9146397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have prompted their use in preclinical and clinical research. Accumulating evidence has been provided for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, skin problems, liver disorders and cancer, among others. Although MSCs are found in multiple tissues, the number of MSCs is low, making in vitro expansion a required step before MSC application. However, culture-expanded MSCs exhibit notable differences in terms of cell morphology, physiology and function, which decisively contribute to MSC heterogeneity. The changes induced in MSCs during in vitro expansion may account for the variability in the results obtained in different MSC-based therapy studies, including those using MSCs as living drug delivery systems. This review dissects the different changes that occur in culture-expanded MSCs and how these modifications alter their therapeutic properties after transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the current strategies developed to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs for successful clinical implementation, as well as potential therapeutic alternatives.
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12
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Siennicka K, Piotrowski P, Olszewski W, Gajewska M, Mazur S, Pojda Z. In Vivo Supportive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fat Graft Stabilization and Local Induction of Angiogenesis Are Not Dependent on the Cell Donor Age or In Vitro Cell Culture Duration. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:441-448. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siennicka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotrowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Olszewski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mazur
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Anatomical Site on Multiple Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092469. [PMID: 34572123 PMCID: PMC8465004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are evolved into various cell-based regenerative approaches. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from rats are commonly used in tissue engineering studies. Still, there is a gap in knowledge about how the harvest locations influence and guide cell differentiation. This study aims to investigate how the harvesting site affects stem-cell-specific surface markers expression, pluripotency, and differentiation potential of ASCs in female Sprague Dawley rats. ASCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the peri-ovarian, peri-renal, and mesenteric depots and were compared in terms of cell morphology. MSCs phenotype was validated by cell surfaces markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1, and Tert was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ASCs multipotency was evaluated by specific histological stains, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of specific genes. There was a non-significant difference detected in the cell morphology and immunophenotype between different harvesting sites. ASCs from multiple locations were significantly varied in their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblastic cells, and chondrocytes. To conclude, depot selection is a critical element that should be considered when using ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies research.
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