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Fan H, Sun M, Zhu JH. Clinical role of serum microRNA-155 in early diagnosis and prognosis of septic patients with acute kidney injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1687-1694. [PMID: 37898565 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with sepsis, and early detection and timely treatment are crucial. This article aims to explore the clinical role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of septic patients with acute kidney injury. METHODS We collected the blood samples of septic patients and measured the relative expression of serum miR-155 by RT-qPCR, and drew the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate its early diagnosis for septic AKI. RESULTS The relative expression of miR-155 in the septic AKI was significantly higher than that in the septic non-AKI, and increased with the aggravation of renal function damage. The ROC curve of miR-155 for the diagnosis of septic AKI was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.61-2.19). When the optimal cut-off value of miR-155 expression was 2.37, its sensitivity for diagnosing septic AKI was 91.12% (95% CI: 80.41-95.07%), and its specificity was 84.52% (95% CI: 71.74-89.36%). Furthermore, the severity of kidney injury, SOFA score, APACHE II score and miR-155 were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of septic patients with AKI. CONCLUSION Serum miR-155 can be used as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of septic AKI, and also has important clinical value in the prognosis evaluation of septic patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Bai L, Li F, Wu Y, Xie X, Zhang N, Zeng C, Zhang L, Wang X. Investigating the effect of dehydromiltirone on septic AKI using a network pharmacology method, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145675. [PMID: 37007048 PMCID: PMC10050741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and frequent complication of sepsis that occurs in intensive care units with inflammation and rapid decline in renal function as the main pathological features. Systemic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and tubule injury are the main causes of sepsis-induced AKI (SI-AKI). The high prevalence and death rate from SI-AKI is a great challenge for clinical treatment worldwide. However, in addition to hemodialysis, there is no effective drug to improve renal tissue damage and alleviate the decline in kidney function. We conducted a network pharmacological analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a traditional Chinese medicine, which is widely used for the treatment of kidney disease. Then, we combined molecular docking and a dynamics simulation to screen for the active monomer dehydromiltirone (DHT) that has therapeutic effects on SI-AKI and investigated its potential mechanism of action through experimental validation. The components and targets of SM were obtained by searching the database, and 32 overlapping genes were screened by intersection analysis with AKI targets. GO and KEGG data showed that the functions of a common gene were closely related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. The molecular docking results combined with molecular dynamics simulations provide evidence for a binding model between DHT and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), both of which are mainly driven by van der Waals interactions and a hydrophobic effect. In vivo, we found that mice pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of DHT (20 mg/kg/d) for 3 days ameliorated CLP surgery-induced renal function loss and renal tissue damage and inhibited inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 production. In vitro, the DHT pretreatment decreased LPS-induced expression of COX2, inhibited cell death and oxidative stress, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, and restrained apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Our research indicates that the renal preventive effect of DHT is related to maintaining mitochondrial dynamic balance, restoring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The findings in this study provide a theoretical basis and a novel method for the clinical therapy of SI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linnan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmiao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Wang, , Ling Zhang,
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Wang, , Ling Zhang,
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Fan H, Sun M, Le JW, Zhu JH. S-Nitrosoglutathione protects acute kidney injury in septic rats by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:830-835. [PMID: 37396949 PMCID: PMC10311978 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69651.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to study the effect of S-nitroso glutathione (SNG) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic rats by regulating nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). Materials and Methods Sprague Dawley rats were used to construct the AKI model, and biochemical methods were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in renal tissue. We observed the ultrastructural changes of renal tissue by transmission electron microscopy and detected the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain foci (ASC) and caspase-1 by western-blotting and RT-qPCR. Results Cecal ligation and puncture induced renal tubular epithelial tissue damage in septic rats, resulting in decreased renal function, increased levels of inflammation and decreased levels of anti-oxidant enzymes in renal tissue, and aggravated mitochondrial damage, significantly decreased mitochondrial density and enzyme complex I/II/III/IV levels (all P<0.001), and increased the protein and mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 (all P<0.001). However, after pretreatment with SNG, the pathological damage of renal tubular epithelial tissue was reduced, the renal function was improved, the level of inflammation in renal tissue decreased and the level of anti-oxidant enzymes increased, the density of mitochondria and the level of enzyme complex I/II/III/IV were significantly increased (all P<0.001), meanwhile the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 were all decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusion SNG protects AKI in septic rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Jian-wei Le
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Jian-hua Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
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Qian H, Ye Z, Pi L, Ao J. Roles and current applications of S-nitrosoglutathione in anti-infective biomaterials. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100419. [PMID: 36105674 PMCID: PMC9465324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections can compromise the physical and biological functionalities of humans and pose a huge economical and psychological burden on infected patients. Nitric oxide (NO) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, whose mechanism of action is not affected by bacterial resistance. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous donor and carrier of NO, has gained increasing attention because of its potent antibacterial activity and efficient biocompatibility. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the application of GSNO in biomaterials. This review is based on the existing evidence that comprehensively summarizes the progress of antimicrobial GSNO applications focusing on their anti-infective performance, underlying antibacterial mechanisms, and application in anti-infective biomaterials. We provide an accurate overview of the roles and applications of GSNO in antibacterial biomaterials and shed new light on the avenues for future studies.
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Key Words
- A.baumannii, Acinetobacter baumannii
- AgNPs, Silver nanoparticles
- Antibacterial property
- BMSCs, Bone marrow stem cells
- Bacterial resistance
- Biomaterials
- C.albicans, Candida albicans
- CS/GE, Chitosan/gelatin
- Cu, copper
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPA, Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- E.tenella, Eimeria tenella
- ECC, Extracorporeal circulation
- ECM, Experimental cerebral malaria
- GSNO, S-Nitrosoglutathione
- GSNOR, S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase
- H.pylori, Helicobacter pylori
- HCC, Human cervical carcinoma
- HDFs, Human dermal fibroblasts
- HUVEC, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICR, Imprinted control region
- Infection
- K.Pneumonia, Klebsiella Pneumonia
- L.amazonensis, Leishmania amazonensis
- L.major, Leishmania major
- M.Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- M.smegmatis, Mycobacterium smegmatis
- MOF, Metal–organic framework
- MRPA, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- MRSA, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- N. gonorrhoeae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- N.meningitidis, Neisseria meningitidis
- NA, Not available
- NO-np, NO-releasing nanoparticulate platform
- NP, Nanoparticle
- P.aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- P.berghei, Plasmodium berghei
- P.mirabilis, Proteus mirabilis
- PCL, Polycaprolactone
- PCVAD, Porcine circovirus-associated disease
- PDA-GSNO NPs, Polydopamine nanoparticles containing GSNO
- PDAM@Cu, polydopamine based copper coatings
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PHB, polyhydroxybutyrate
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PTT, Photothermal therapy
- PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)
- PVA/PEG, poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol)
- PVC, poly(vinyl chloride)
- S-nitrosoglutathione
- S. typhimurium, Salmonella typhimurium
- S.aureus, Staphylococcus aureus
- S.epidermidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis
- S.pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
- SAKI, Septic acute kidney injury
- SCI, Spinal cord slices
- Se, Selenium
- Sp3, Specificity proteins 3
- TDC, Tunneled dialysis catheters
- TMOS, Tetramethylorthosilicate
- ZnO, Zinc oxide
- cftr, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory gene
- d, day
- h, hour
- min, minute
- pSiNPs, porous silicon nanoparticles
- w, week
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanping Pi
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Liao JC, Li CY, Teng FM, Jian-Chen, Yu JY, Ju WZ, Zou JD. Integrated analysis of comprehensive metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of abelmoschus manihot (L.) medik. in the treatment of cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064498. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (“Huangkui” in Chinese, HK) has been widely used for the treatment of kidney diseases. Nephrotoxicity is the side effect of cisplatin (CDDP), which greatly limits its clinical application. Therefore, CDDP could be used to establish the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. However, the protective effects of HK on CDDP-induced CKD have not been investigated.Purpose: To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HK on multiple low-dose CDDP-induced CKD in rats by the integrated analysis of serum, kidney, and urine metabolomics and network pharmacology.Methods: The CKD model was induced by multiple low-dose CDDP. Body weight, organ index, serum biochemical, and kidney histology were examined to evaluate the effect of HK. Serum, kidney, and urine were collected and profiled by HILIC/RPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics. Potential biomarkers (PBs) were screened according to the criteria of VIP >1, p < 0.01, and FC > 2, and then identified or assigned. The pathway analysis and PBs enrichment were conducted by MetaboAnalyst and ChemRICH. Furthermore, network pharmacology was adopted to dig out the active components and targets. Finally, the results from metabolomics and network pharmacology were integrated to confirm each other.Results: HK could recover the CDDP-induced abnormal pharmacological and metabolic profile changes. A total of 187 PBs were screened and identified from the serum, kidney, and urine metabolomics. Pathway analysis showed that multiple metabolic pathways, mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolisms, were involved in the nephroprotective effect of HK, and especially, HK could significantly alleviate the disorder of tryptophan metabolism pathway in serum, kidney, and urine. Meanwhile, network pharmacology analysis revealed that 5 components in HK and 4 key genes could be responsible for the nephroprotection of HK, which also indicated that the metabolism of tryptophan played an important role in HK against CKD.Conclusion: HK has a nephroprotection on CDDP-induced CKD, mainly by restoring the dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism. Integrated analysis of serum, kidney, and urine metabolomics and network pharmacology was a powerful method for exploring pharmacological mechanisms and screening active components and targets of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Chen YL, Li HK, Wang L, Chen JW, Ma X. No safe renal warm ischemia time-The molecular network characteristics and pathological features of mild to severe ischemia reperfusion kidney injury. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1006917. [PMID: 36465563 PMCID: PMC9709142 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1006917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) has always been a hot and difficult research topic in the field of renal diseases. This study aims to illustrate the safe warm ischemia time of kidney and the molecular network characteristics and pathological features of mild to severe ischemia reperfusion kidney injury. We established varying degrees of renal injury due to different ischemia time (0 min, 16 min, 18 min, 20 min, 22 min, 24 min, 26 min, 28 min, and 30 min) on unilateral (left kidney) ischemia-reperfusion injury and contralateral (right kidney) resection (uIRIx) mouse model. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after uIRIx, blood samples were harvested to detect serum creatinine (Scr), and kidney tissue samples were harvested to perform Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identificated, time-dependent gene expression patterns and functional enrichment analysis were further performed. Finally, qPCR was performed to validated RNA-Seq results. Our results indicated that there was no absolute safe renal warm ischemia time, and every minute of ischemia increases kidney damage. Warm ischemia 26min or above in mice makes severe kidney injury, renal pathology and SCr were both significantly changed. Warm ischemia between 18 and 26 min makes mild kidney injury, with changes in pathology and renal molecular expression, while SCr did not change. No obvious pathological changes but significant differences in molecular expression were found less than 16min warm ischemia. There are two key time intervals in the process of renal ischemia injury, 0 min-16 min (short-term) and 26 min-28 min (long-term). Gene expression of immune-related pathways were most significantly down-regulated in short-term ischemia, while metabolism-related pathways were the mainly enriched pathway in long-term ischemia. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into safe renal artery occlusion time in partial nephrectomy, and is of great value for elucidating molecular network characteristics and pathological features of mild to severe ischemia reperfusion kidney injury, and key genes related to metabolism and immune found in this study also provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital/State Grid Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Kang Li
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wen Chen
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Le JW, Sun M, Zhu JH, Fan H. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on acute lung injury in septic rats by inhibiting inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:859-864. [PMID: 36033949 PMCID: PMC9392567 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65350.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common comorbidity in patients with sepsis, and finding drugs that can effectively reduce its mortality is a hot spot in current research. The purpose of this study is to explore the protective mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on ALI in septic rats. Materials and Methods We used NAC to intervene in septic rats to evaluate the plasma inflammatory factors and lung tissue pathological damage. Biochemical methods were used to determine the levels of oxidases in lung tissue, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) proteins, and observed lung tissue cell apoptosis. Results NAC pretreatment decreased the mortality of septic rats, improved lung tissue pathological damage, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and malondialdehyde, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Moreover, NAC pretreatment significantly decreased iNOS protein expression and increased eNOS protein expression in lung tissue. Meanwhile, NAC significantly decreased the number of apoptosis and the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA and increased the level of Bcl-2 mRNA in the lung tissue of septic rats. Conclusion NAC protects ALI in septic rats by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-wei Le
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Jian-hua Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P.R China,Corresponding author: Heng Fan.Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, No.59 Liuting road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
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The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231441. [PMID: 35722824 PMCID: PMC9274646 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.
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Fan H, Su BJ, Le JW, Zhu JH. Salidroside Protects Acute Kidney Injury in Septic Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:899-907. [PMID: 35386851 PMCID: PMC8978577 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s361972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To clarify the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside (SLDS) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic rats. Methods We pretreated rats with different doses of SLDS and analyzed the impact of SLDS on the survival of septic rats. We evaluated the levels of inflammatory factors in rats, the expression of NF-ƙB p65 in the kidney, and the apoptosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells (KTECs). Results SLDS significantly decreased the mortality of septic rats, and it reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17A in plasma and kidneys and decreased the levels of serum creatinine, plasma renal injury molecule-1 and plasma neutrophil gelatin-associated lipocalin. Moreover, SLDS could significantly decrease the expression of NF-ƙB p65 in kidney tissues and the apoptotic number of KETCs, while reducing the mRNA levels of Caspase-3 and Bax mRNA, and increasing the level of Bcl-2 mRNA. Conclusion SLDS pretreatment protects against AKI in septic rats by inhibiting the inflammation of kidney and the apoptosis of KTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Jie Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital Haishu Branch, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Le
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Othman MA, Mubarak HA, Sayed MM. Ameliorative role of alpha-lipoic acid in renal cortical structural damage, induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:110-121. [PMID: 35135431 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2035875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to kidney dysfunction due to bilateral lower limb ischemia. This kidney injury may lead to acute kidney failure and mortality. Alpha-Lipoic Acid, a known antioxidant, can ameliorate kidney dysfunction and histopathology related to several etiologies. Ischemia was performed in adult male rats by bilateral femoral artery occlusion, then ischemia-reperfusion was done for 1 day and 7 days. Lipoic acid was administered to rats that had undergone ischemia-reperfusion for 7 days. The renal cortices of the kidneys of the tested groups were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using the following markers: cleaved caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. There was damage to the renal cortical tubules and degeneration of podocytes and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Additionally, there was an increase in apoptosis and the inflammatory markers' immunoreactivity. Administration of alpha-lipoic acid resulted in improvement of the structural and immunohistochemical changes of the renal cortex. This may suggest a therapeutic rule of it and promising application for variable kidney injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mubarak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Manal M Sayed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
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Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Drink Protects against Ischemia-Reperfusion Acute Kidney Injury in Aged Mice through Inhibiting the TGF- β1/Smad3 and HIF1 Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9963732. [PMID: 34545331 PMCID: PMC8449228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for significant mortality among hospitalized patients that is especially troubling aged people. An effective self-made Chinese medicine formula, Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Drink (XXD), displayed therapeutic effects on AKI. However, the compositions and underlying mechanisms of XXD remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to investigate the chemical components in XXD. Then, the absorbable components of XXD were identified based on the five principles and inputted into the SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH databases to identify the drug targets. AKI-related targets were collected from the GenCLiP 3, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases. The crossover genes of XXD and AKI were identified for functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of crossover genes was constructed, followed by the identification of hub genes. Subsequently, the effects and potential mechanisms of XXD on AKI predicted by the network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses were experimentally validated in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced AKI aged mouse models. A total of 122 components in XXD were obtained; among them, 58 components were found that could be absorbed in the blood. There were 800 potential drug targets predicted from the 58 absorbable components in AKI which shared 36 crossover genes with AKI-related targets. The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that crossover genes mostly associated with the response to oxidative stress and the HIF1 signaling pathway. In the PPI network analysis, 12 hub genes were identified, including ALB, IL-6, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, PTGS2, TLR4, NOS3, EGFR, PPARG, HIF1A, and HMOX1. In AKI aged mice, XXD prominently alleviated I/R injury-induced renal dysfunction, abnormal renal pathological changes, and cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative damage with a reduction in the expression level of the inflammatory mediator, α-SMA, collagen-1, F4/80, TP53, VEGFA, PTGS2, TLR4, NOS3, EGFR, PPARG, HIF1A, ICAM-1, TGF-β1, Smad3, and p-Smad3 and an increase of nephridial tissue p-H3, Ki67, HMOX1, MMP-9, and Smad7 levels. In summary, our findings suggest that XXD has renoprotective effects against AKI in aged mice via inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 and HIF1 signaling pathways.
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