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Ha GH, Kim EJ, Park JS, Kim JE, Nam H, Yeon JY, Lee SH, Lee K, Kim CK, Joo KM. JAK2/STAT3 pathway mediates neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic treatment effects of adult human neural stem cells in middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke animal models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8944-8969. [PMID: 36446389 PMCID: PMC9740376 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mismatches between pre-clinical and clinical results of stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke limit their clinical applicability. To overcome these discrepancies, precise planning of pre-clinical experiments that can be translated to clinical trials and the scientific elucidation of treatment mechanisms is important. In this study, adult human neural stem cells (ahNSCs) derived from temporal lobe surgical samples were used (to avoid ethical and safety issues), and their therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke were examined using middle cerebral artery occlusion animal models. 5 × 105 ahNSCs was directly injected into the lateral ventricle of contralateral brain hemispheres of immune suppressed rat stroke models at the subacute phase of stroke. Compared with the mock-treated group, ahNSCs reduced brain tissue atrophy and neurological sensorimotor and memory functional loss. Tissue analysis demonstrated that the significant therapeutic effects were mediated by the neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic activities of ahNSCs, which preserved neurons in ischemic brain areas and decreased reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. The neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were validated in in vitro stroke models and were induced by paracrine factors excreted by ahNSCs. When the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited by a specific inhibitor, AG490, the paracrine neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were reversed. This pre-clinical study that closely simulated clinical settings and provided treatment mechanisms of ahNSCs for ischemic stroke may aid the development of protocols for subsequent clinical trials of ahNSCs and the realization of clinically available stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Jee Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Je Young Yeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chung Kwon Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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Kim CK, Won JS, An JY, Lee HJ, Nam AJ, Nam H, Lee JY, Lee KH, Lee SH, Joo KM. Significant Therapeutic Effects of Adult Human Neural Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Are Mediated by Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084267. [PMID: 35457084 PMCID: PMC9029183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited capability of regeneration in the human central nervous system leads to severe and permanent disabilities following spinal cord injury (SCI) while patients suffer from no viable treatment option. Adult human neural stem cells (ahNSCs) are unique cells derived from the adult human brain, which have the essential characteristics of NSCs. The objective of this study was to characterize the therapeutic effects of ahNSCs isolated from the temporal lobes of focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa for SCI and to elucidate their treatment mechanisms. Results showed that the recovery of motor functions was significantly improved in groups transplanted with ahNSCs, where, in damaged regions of spinal cords, the numbers of both spread and regenerated nerve fibers were observed to be higher than the vehicle group. In addition, the distance between neuronal nuclei in damaged spinal cord tissue was significantly closer in treatment groups than the vehicle group. Based on an immunohistochemistry analysis, those neuroprotective effects of ahNSCs in SCI were found to be mediated by inhibiting apoptosis of spinal cord neurons. Moreover, the analysis of the conditioned medium (CM) of ahNSCs revealed that such neuroprotective effects were mediated by paracrine effects with various types of cytokines released from ahNSCs, where monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2) was identified as a key paracrine mediator. These results of ahNSCs could be utilized further in the preclinical and clinical development of effective and safe cell therapeutics for SCI, with no available therapeutic options at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Kwon Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul 08517, Korea; (C.K.K.); (J.-S.W.); (H.N.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jeong-Seob Won
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul 08517, Korea; (C.K.K.); (J.-S.W.); (H.N.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.J.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jae Yeol An
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03880, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.Y.L.)
- Healthcare Division, Partners Investment Co., Ltd., Seoul 06152, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.J.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ah-Jin Nam
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Hyun Nam
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul 08517, Korea; (C.K.K.); (J.-S.W.); (H.N.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.J.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03880, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.Y.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Lee
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.J.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.M.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-2457 (S.-H.L.); +82-31-299-6073 (K.M.J.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0048 (S.-H.L.); +82-31-299-6029 (K.M.J.)
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul 08517, Korea; (C.K.K.); (J.-S.W.); (H.N.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.J.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.M.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-2457 (S.-H.L.); +82-31-299-6073 (K.M.J.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0048 (S.-H.L.); +82-31-299-6029 (K.M.J.)
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The Role of CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Treatment: From Animal Experiments to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073485. [PMID: 35408846 PMCID: PMC8998625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a member of the monocyte chemokine protein family, which binds to its receptor CCR2 to induce monocyte infiltration and mediate inflammation. The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway participates in the transduction of neuroinflammatory information between all types of cells in the central nervous system. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown that CCL2/CCR2 mediate the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and a higher CCL2 level in serum is associated with a higher risk of any form of stroke. In the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression of CCL2/CCR2 is increased in the ischemic penumbra, which promotes neuroinflammation and enhances brain injury. In the later phase, it participates in the migration of neuroblasts to the ischemic area and promotes the recovery of neurological function. CCL2/CCR2 gene knockout or activity inhibition can reduce the nerve inflammation and brain injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting that the development of drugs regulating the activity of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway could be used to prevent and treat the cell injury in the acute phase and promote the recovery of neurological function in the chronic phase in ischemic stroke patients.
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