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Pereira AC, Pinto D, Cunha MV. First time whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium bovis from the environment supports transmission at the animal-environment interface. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134473. [PMID: 38703681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Spreading of Mycobacterium bovis causing animal tuberculosis (TB) at livestock-wildlife-environment interfaces remains a significant problem. Recently, we provided evidence of widespread environmental contamination of an endemic animal TB setting with viable and dormant M. bovis cells able to recover metabolic activity, making indirect transmission via environmental contamination plausible. We now report the first whole genome sequences of M. bovis recovered from the environment. We establish epidemiological links at the environment-animal interface by phylogenomic comparison of these M. bovis genomes with those isolated from livestock and wild ungulates from the same area. Environmental and animal genomes are highly intertwined and distribute similarly into the same M. bovis lineages, supporting several instances of environmental contamination. This study provides compelling evidence of M. bovis excretion into the environment and viability maintenance, supporting the environment as a potential source of new infection. These insights have clear implications for policy formulation, advocating environmental surveillance and an ecosystem perspective in TB control programs. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: We report the first whole genome sequences of M. bovis from the environment and establish epidemiological links at the environment-animal interface, demonstrating close phylogenomic relatedness of animal and environmental M. bovis. Definitive evidence of M. bovis excretion into the environment with viability maintenance is provided, supporting the environment as a potential source of new infection. Implications of this work include methodological innovations offering a tool to resolve indirect transmission chains and support customized biosecurity measures. Policy formulation aiming at the control of animal tuberculosis and cost mitigation should consider these findings, encouraging environmental surveillance in official eradication programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Goosen WJ, Moodley S, Ghielmetti G, Moosa Y, Zulu T, Smit T, Kleynhans L, Kerr TJ, Streicher EM, Hanekom WA, Warren RM, Wong EB, Miller MA. Identification and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in GeneXpert® MTB/RIF ultra-positive, culture-negative sputum from a rural community in South Africa. One Health 2024; 18:100702. [PMID: 38487729 PMCID: PMC10937233 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) DNA in archived human sputum samples previously collected from residents who reside adjacent to the M. bovis-endemic Hluhluwe-iMfolozi wildlife park, South Africa (SA). Sixty-eight sputum samples were GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra-positive for M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA but culture negative for M. tuberculosis. Amplification and Sanger sequencing of hsp65 and rpoB genes from DNA extracted from stored heat-inactivated sputum samples confirmed the presence of detectable amounts of MTBC from 20 out of the 68 sputum samples. Region of difference PCR, spoligotyping and gyrB long-read amplicon deep sequencing identified M. bovis (n = 10) and M. tuberculosis (n = 7). Notably, M. bovis spoligotypes SB0130 and SB1474 were identified in 4 samples, with SB0130 previously identified in local cattle and wildlife and SB1474 exclusively in African buffaloes in the adjacent park. M. bovis DNA in sputum, from people living near the park, underscores zoonotic transmission potential in SA. Identification of spoligotypes specifically associated with wildlife only and spoligotypes found in livestock as well as wildlife, highlights the complexity of TB epidemiology at wildlife-livestock-human interfaces. These findings support the need for integrated surveillance and control strategies to curb potential spillover and for the consideration of human M. bovis infection in SA patients with positive Ultra results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand J. Goosen
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Sashen Moodley
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yumna Moosa
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thando Zulu
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Theresa Smit
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Vukuzazi Team
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leanie Kleynhans
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tanya J. Kerr
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth M. Streicher
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Warren
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Emily B. Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michele A. Miller
- Department of Science and Innovation – National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
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Pereira AC, Cunha MV. Flow Cytometry Coupled with Resuscitation Assays As a High-Resolution Tool to Inform Environmental Management and Disinfection of Settings Affected by Tuberculous Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1068. [PMID: 38930449 PMCID: PMC11205987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental decontamination and water disinfection practices are hallmarks of disease prevention and control in agricultural and public health settings. Informed fit-to-purpose biocontainment is thus dependent on methodologies accurately assessing microbial burden and viability. Also, rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of biocontrol measures implies monitoring microbial inactivation after decontamination/disinfection procedures. In this study, we used flow cytometry coupled with a resuscitation protocol to monitor the metabolic inactivation of bacteria capable of entering non-cultivable states, after the application of a chlorine-based water disinfectant. For this purpose, we used Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a model of slow-growing bacteria able to enter dormancy and representing a multi-host pathogen in a zoonotic disease system-animal tuberculosis-thriving both across temperate and semi-arid regions and involving environmental contamination. The biocide activity of a commercial sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) disinfectant against M. bovis BCG was evaluated through mock environmental matrix tests. Using the manufacturer-recommended dosage of NaDCC, BCG cells were apparently inactivated after 24 h upon exposure. However, we show via flow cytometry that, upon exposure to optimal growth conditions, mycobacterial cells were able to regain metabolic activity shortly after, highlighting a sublethal effect of NaDCC at the recommended commercial dosage due to reversible BCG cell damage. In contrast, increasing twice the disinfectant dosage completely inactivated BCG cells after 24 h of exposure, with full irreversible loss of metabolic activity. Methodological workflows based on conventional culture or PCR would have missed the detection of these dormant subpopulations that were in fact able to resume growth when following the recommendations of a commercial disinfectant. This study highlights the superior, high-resolution value of single-cell approaches, such as flow cytometry, to accurately assess the activity of biocides against metabolically heterogeneous and dormant pathogenic bacteria with environmental cycles, supporting data-driven prioritization of environmental management and disinfection options in contaminated vulnerable settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ramanujam H, Palaniyandi K. Tuberculosis in wild animals in India. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10401-4. [PMID: 38771446 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
India is renowned for its complex megadiverse ecosystems and abundant biodiversity. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) often remains synonymous with Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. The domain of tuberculosis (TB) among wild animals, induced by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms (MTBC), is often underexplored and underreported in India. Within this context, instances of wild animal tuberculosis (wTB) have manifested across both captive and free-roaming animals. The sources contributing to wTB in animals can be human, animal, or environmental factors, thus illuminating the complex transmission pathways. The diagnosis of wTB continues to pose a formidable challenge, a consequence of the expansive taxonomic diversity in both the host and the pathogen. Complications inherent in acquiring samples from wildlife, the absence of standardized diagnostic protocols, limited insights into infection prevalence, and resource constraints compound diagnosis. Amidst these, adopting the comprehensive One Health paradigm surfaces as an imperative, accentuating the interconnectedness bridging human, animal, and environmental health. Recognizing key stakeholders and fostering intersectoral collaboration to provide enhanced diagnostic techniques driven by skilled personnel and advanced infrastructure play pivotal roles in a comprehensive strategy. Additionally, leveraging vaccination efforts contributes to effective control. A national wTB surveillance program is a cornerstone, ensuring an integrated and holistic approach to disease management. Through this review, we delve into the current landscape of wTB in India, unveiling its multifaceted challenges, and further explore the multifarious strategies that the One Health approach proffers in this dynamic endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Ramanujam
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, #1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Kannan Palaniyandi
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, #1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chennai, 600031, India.
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Conteddu K, English HM, Byrne AW, Amin B, Griffin LL, Kaur P, Morera-Pujol V, Murphy KJ, Salter-Townshend M, Smith AF, Ciuti S. A scoping review on bovine tuberculosis highlights the need for novel data streams and analytical approaches to curb zoonotic diseases. Vet Res 2024; 55:64. [PMID: 38773649 PMCID: PMC11110237 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases represent a significant societal challenge in terms of their health and economic impacts. One Health approaches to managing zoonotic diseases are becoming more prevalent, but require novel thinking, tools and cross-disciplinary collaboration. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one example of a costly One Health challenge with a complex epidemiology involving humans, domestic animals, wildlife and environmental factors, which require sophisticated collaborative approaches. We undertook a scoping review of multi-host bTB epidemiology to identify trends in species publication focus, methodologies, and One Health approaches. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps where novel research could provide insights to inform control policy, for bTB and other zoonoses. The review included 532 articles. We found different levels of research attention across episystems, with a significant proportion of the literature focusing on the badger-cattle-TB episystem, with far less attention given to tropical multi-host episystems. We found a limited number of studies focusing on management solutions and their efficacy, with very few studies looking at modelling exit strategies. Only a small number of studies looked at the effect of human disturbances on the spread of bTB involving wildlife hosts. Most of the studies we reviewed focused on the effect of badger vaccination and culling on bTB dynamics with few looking at how roads, human perturbations and habitat change may affect wildlife movement and disease spread. Finally, we observed a lack of studies considering the effect of weather variables on bTB spread, which is particularly relevant when studying zoonoses under climate change scenarios. Significant technological and methodological advances have been applied to bTB episystems, providing explicit insights into its spread and maintenance across populations. We identified a prominent bias towards certain species and locations. Generating more high-quality empirical data on wildlife host distribution and abundance, high-resolution individual behaviours and greater use of mathematical models and simulations are key areas for future research. Integrating data sources across disciplines, and a "virtuous cycle" of well-designed empirical data collection linked with mathematical and simulation modelling could provide additional gains for policy-makers and managers, enabling optimised bTB management with broader insights for other zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Conteddu
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Holly M English
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew W Byrne
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, One Health Scientific Support Unit, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bawan Amin
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura L Griffin
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prabhleen Kaur
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginia Morera-Pujol
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kilian J Murphy
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Adam F Smith
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- The Frankfurt Zoological Society, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of National Park Monitoring and Animal Management, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Brown TL, Morgan ER. Helminth Prevalence in European Deer with a Focus on Abomasal Nematodes and the Influence of Livestock Pasture Contact: A Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38787230 PMCID: PMC11123710 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deer are susceptible to infection with parasitic helminths, including species which are of increasing economic concern to the livestock industry due to anthelmintic drug resistance. This paper systematically collates helminth prevalence data from deer across Europe and explores patterns in relation to host and parasite species, as well as landscape factors. A livestock pasture contact index (LPCI) is developed to predict epidemiological overlap between deer and livestock, and hence to examine deer helminth fauna in the context of their surrounding environment. Fifty-eight studies comprising fallow (Dama dama), red (Cervus elaphus), roe (Capreolus capreolus) and sika (Cervus nippon) deer were identified. Deer populations in "likely" contact with livestock pasture had a higher mean prevalence of the abomasal nematodes Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei (p = 0.01), which are common in livestock and not primarily associated with deer. Roe deer populations had a higher prevalence of T. circumcincta (p = 0.02) and T. axei (p = 0.01) than fallow deer and a higher prevalence of H. contortus than both red (p = 0.01) and fallow deer (p = 0.02). Liver fluke and lungworm species were present sporadically at low prevalence, while the abomasal nematode Ashworthius sidemi occurred locally at high prevalence. Insights from this research suggest that deer helminth fauna is reflective of their surrounding environment, including the livestock species which inhabit areas of shared grazing. This is explored from an epidemiological perspective, and the prospect of helminth transmission between wild and domestic hosts is discussed, including drug-resistant strains, alongside the role of helminths as indicators relevant to the transmission of other pathogens at the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Bouchez-Zacria M, Jabert P, Réveillaud É, Richomme C, Marsot M. Intra- and interspecies infectious neighbourhoods as determinant parameters for Mycobacterium bovis infection among badgers in southwestern France. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106146. [PMID: 38368697 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The epidemiological system for Mycobacterium bovis in France involves cattle and, in some areas, wildlife species (mainly badgers and wild boar). This multi-host aspect complicates the control and eradication prospects for bovine tuberculosis in endemic areas, despite the surveillance and control measures implemented for decades in this officially tuberculosis-free European country. To improve control measures, and to manage spillback transmission from badgers to cattle, it is necessary to clarify the transmission mechanisms of M. bovis in these epidemiological systems. We modelled a badger population from a southwestern endemic area by a Dirichlet tessellation based on a sett census conducted by local hunters and trappers between 2013 and 2015. We then used a logistic regression model to test the association between the infection status of setts and computed variables depicting three types of transmission (intraspecific, interspecific and landscape-associated). The apparent prevalence of infected setts was of 40.5%. Two variables were significantly associated with the probability for a sett to be infected: the proportion of neighbouring setts that were infected (OR: 3.19 [2.04-5.17]95%) and the presence of nearby pastures belonging to an infected farm (OR: 2.33 [1.13-4.89]95%]. While badger culling measures have been implemented according to the national TB control plan in the study area since 2012 (in the vicinity of infected farms and their pastures), our results clearly highlight the need to reinforce measures aimed at reducing both intraspecific and interspecific infection pressure. For this purpose, the promising prospect of badger vaccination could be considered, along with biosecurity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bouchez-Zacria
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France; Independent researcher, Audincthun, France.
| | - Pierre Jabert
- French Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate General for Food, 75015, Paris
| | | | - Céline Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Maud Marsot
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Barandiaran S, Ponce L, Piras I, Rosas AC, Peña Martinez J, Marfil MJ. Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1346514. [PMID: 38420209 PMCID: PMC10899436 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are mainly environmental but can cause opportunistic infections and diseases in humans and animals. Livestock and wild animals can be infected with NTM. In Argentina, there are native wild species facing conservation risks, and they are the focus of protection and reintroduction projects designed to preserve biodiversity in various ecoregions. The aim of this study was to report the presence of NTM in samples collected from four endangered native wild species from nine Argentine provinces, as part of their pre-release health assessment. Methods A total of 165 samples from giant anteater, peccary, tapir and pampas deer were obtained, these included either bronchoalveolar or endotracheal lavages, or oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal or tracheal swabs. Bacteriological culture followed by molecular identification and sequencing were performed. Results A total of 27 NTM were detected, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, M. intracellulare, M. terrae, M. gordonense, M. kumamotonense, M. fortuitum, M. saskatchewanense, and M. genavense. Results revealed a 16,36% NTM recovery rate, with the giant anteater showing the highest prevalence among the mammals under study. Discussion In Argentina, due to extensive production systems, the interaction between domestic and wild species sharing the same environment is frequent, increasing the exposure of all the species to these NTM. In this way, the transmission of infectious agents from one to another is feasible. Moreover, NTMs might interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. These findings emphasize the importance of active health surveillance in conservation programs. It highlights the need to address NTM epidemiology in wildlife and its impact on conservation and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Loreana Ponce
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indiana Piras
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - María Jimena Marfil
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hussein HA, Ahmed JM, Musse AH, Gizaw Y. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in selected districts of Fafan pastoral settings, Eastern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24998. [PMID: 38312611 PMCID: PMC10835366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in selected districts of the pastoral settings of Fafan zone, Somali region, eastern Ethiopia. A comparative intradermal tuberculin test was performed using purified protein derivatives. Animal-related characteristics, and the owner's knowledge on the importance of BTB were collected using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence was 11.24 % (95 % CI, 8.61-14.35) and 43.3 % (95 % CI, 33.27-53.75) at the individual and herd levels, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of positive reactor animals according to body condition score (P = 0.000), age (P = 0.048), seasonal migration (P = 0.038), parity number (P = 0.005), and reproductive status (P = 0.037). Animals with poor body condition scores had a significantly higher likelihood of testing positive, with their odds being 11.4 times greater (COR = 11.408, CI = 3.43-37.94, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, poor body condition score remained significantly associated with the odds of a positive reaction to tuberculosis (AOR = 0.137, CI = 0.053-0.356, P < 0.001). Similarly, the analysis showed that seasonal migration (AOR = 2.882, CI = 1.155-7.191, P = 0.023) and parity number (AOR = 11.64, CI = 1.818-74.464, P = 0.010) were significant predictors of bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle. According to the questionnaire, 14.2 % (17 of 120) and 13.3 % (16 of 120) of the respondents were knowledgeable about bovine tuberculosis and its transmission from animals to humans, and vice versa, respectively. The general judgment of herders' understanding of bovine tuberculosis transmission methods to humans was very low. The study findings showed a high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the study area, emphasizing the need for an effective control and prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdi Hussein
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of One Health, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box, 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Juhar Mohamed Ahmed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of One Health, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box, 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Hussein Musse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of One Health, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box, 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Gizaw
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Arsi University, P.O. Box, 193, Asella, Ethiopia
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Pandey A, Feuka AB, Cosgrove M, Moriarty M, Duffiney A, VerCauteren KC, Campa H, Pepin KM. Wildlife vaccination strategies for eliminating bovine tuberculosis in white-tailed deer populations. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011287. [PMID: 38175850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens of humans and livestock also infect wildlife that can act as a reservoir and challenge disease control or elimination. Efficient and effective prioritization of research and management actions requires an understanding of the potential for new tools to improve elimination probability with feasible deployment strategies that can be implemented at scale. Wildlife vaccination is gaining interest as a tool for managing several wildlife diseases. To evaluate the effect of vaccinating white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), in combination with harvest, in reducing and eliminating bovine tuberculosis from deer populations in Michigan, we developed a mechanistic age-structured disease transmission model for bovine tuberculosis with integrated disease management. We evaluated the impact of pulse vaccination across a range of vaccine properties. Pulse vaccination was effective for reducing disease prevalence rapidly with even low (30%) to moderate (60%) vaccine coverage of the susceptible and exposed deer population and was further improved when combined with increased harvest. The impact of increased harvest depended on the relative strength of transmission modes, i.e., direct vs indirect transmission. Vaccine coverage and efficacy were the most important vaccine properties for reducing and eliminating disease from the local population. By fitting the model to the core endemic area of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, we identified feasible integrated management strategies involving vaccination and increased harvest that reduced disease prevalence in free-ranging deer. Few scenarios led to disease elimination due to the chronic nature of bovine tuberculosis. A long-term commitment to regular vaccination campaigns, and further research on increasing vaccines efficacy and uptake rate in free-ranging deer are important for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Pandey
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Abigail B Feuka
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melinda Cosgrove
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Megan Moriarty
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anthony Duffiney
- Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Okemos, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Henry Campa
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kim M Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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11
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Bouchez-Zacria M, Payne A, Girard S, Richomme C, Boschiroli ML, Marsot M, Durand B, Desvaux S. Spatial association of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and badgers at the pasture interface in an endemic area in France. Prev Vet Med 2023; 220:106044. [PMID: 37865009 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite control and surveillance programmes, Mycobacterium bovis, the main aetiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is still detected on cattle farms and in wildlife populations in France, especially in badgers in the French Côte-d'Or département. The aim of our study was to find out if infected badgers were trapped significantly closer to pastures of infected farms than non-infected badgers and, if so, to determine the most efficient distance around those pastures for badger trapping, particularly for surveillance purposes. We studied two subareas (southern and northern), chosen based on natural barriers to badger movements and according to the presence of pastures belonging to infected farms (POIFs) and infected or non-infected badgers. In each subarea, we computed the shortest distances D0 and D between badgers trapped a given year n between 2015 and 2019 (n = 59 infected and n = 1535 non-infected badgers for D0; n = 53 infected and n = 1476 non-infected badgers for D) and POIFs designated as infected between the year n - 4 and n + 1 (respectively n = 373 and n = 388 POIFs). D0 was calculated without considering spoligotypes, while D was calculated considering the possible epidemiological link between infected badgers and POIFs by using bTB spoligotype information. Then, we computed the observed mean and median of the D0 and D distances and used a bootstrap analysis to test if infected badgers were found significantly closer to POIFs than non-infected badgers. We observed that infection of badgers was not independent of distance from POIF in both subareas but distances (D0 or D) were different between the northern and southern subarea. In the northern subarea, which displays a mosaic landscape (mean and median D distances were respectively 612 m and 303 m for infected badgers), infected badgers indeed were trapped closer to POIFs, considering D0 and D. In the southern subarea, predominantly forested, infected badgers were significantly closer to POIFs than non-infected badgers when considering D0 but not for D (mean and median D distances were respectively 7148 m and 4831 m for infected badgers). These results will help to determine the most efficient distance from POIFs to trap badgers to determine their infection status in countryside landscapes. They also highlight the need to better understand the epidemiological systems at play in more forested landscapes where badgers may behave differently or other susceptible sympatric wild species might play a more important role in the circulation of M. bovis, both phenomena contributing to badger infection at greater distances from POIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bouchez-Zacria
- Independent Researcher, Audincthun, France; OFB (French Office for Biodiversity), Research and Scientific Support Direction, 01330 Birieux, France
| | - Ariane Payne
- OFB (French Office for Biodiversity), Research and Scientific Support Direction, Orléans, France
| | - Sébastien Girard
- DRAAF BFC (Food, Agriculture and Forest Regional Direction of Bourgogne Franche-Comté), 21078 Cedex Dijon, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- Anses, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | | | - Maud Marsot
- Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphanie Desvaux
- OFB (French Office for Biodiversity), Research and Scientific Support Direction, 01330 Birieux, France.
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12
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Chang Y, Hartemink N, Byrne AW, Gormley E, McGrath G, Tratalos JA, Breslin P, More SJ, de Jong MCM. Inferring bovine tuberculosis transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment and risk mapping. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233173. [PMID: 37841461 PMCID: PMC10572351 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is one of the most challenging and persistent health issues in many countries worldwide. In several countries, bTB control is complicated due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs of infection, i.e. European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland and the UK, which can transmit infection to cattle. However, a quantitative understanding of the role of cattle and badgers in bTB transmission is elusive, especially where there is spatial variation in relative density between badgers and cattle. Moreover, as these two species have infrequent direct contact, environmental transmission is likely to play a role, but the quantitative importance of the environment has not been assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to better understand bTB transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment in a spatially explicit context and to identify high-risk areas. We developed an environmental transmission model that incorporates both within-herd/territory transmission and between-species transmission, with the latter facilitated by badger territories overlapping with herd areas. Model parameters such as transmission rate parameters and the decay rate parameter of M. bovis were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation using infection data from badgers and cattle collected during a 4-year badger vaccination trial. Our estimation showed that the environment can play an important role in the transmission of bTB, with a half-life of M. bovis in the environment of around 177 days. Based on the estimated transmission rate parameters, we calculate the basic reproduction ratio (R) within a herd, which reveals how relative badger density dictates transmission. In addition, we simulated transmission in each small local area to generate a first between-herd R map that identifies high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Chang
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nienke Hartemink
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, National Disease Control Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guy McGrath
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie A. Tratalos
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Breslin
- Ruminant Animal Health Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon J. More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mart C. M. de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
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13
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Gortázar C, de la Fuente J, Perelló A, Domínguez L. Will we ever eradicate animal tuberculosis? Ir Vet J 2023; 76:24. [PMID: 37737206 PMCID: PMC10515422 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two characteristics of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are particularly relevant for tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and control, namely the ability of this group of pathogens to survive in the environment and thereby facilitate indirect transmission via water or feed, and the capacity to infect multiple host species including human beings, cattle, wildlife, and domestic animals other than cattle. As a consequence, rather than keeping the focus on certain animal species regarded as maintenance hosts, we postulate that it is time to think of complex and dynamic multi-host MTC maintenance communities where several wild and domestic species and the environment contribute to pathogen maintenance. Regarding the global situation of animal TB, many industrialized countries have reached the Officially Tuberculosis Free status. However, infection of cattle with M. bovis still occurs in most countries around the world. In low- and middle-income countries, human and animal TB infection is endemic and bovine TB control programs are often not implemented because standard TB control through testing and culling, movement control and slaughterhouse inspection is too expensive or ethically unacceptable. In facing increasingly complex epidemiological scenarios, modern integrated disease control should rely on three main pillars: (1) a close involvement of farmers including collaborative decision making, (2) expanding the surveillance and control targets to all three host categories, the environment, and their interactions, and (3) setting up new control schemes or upgrading established ones switching from single tool test and cull approaches to integrated ones including farm biosafety and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Alberto Perelló
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Sabiotec, Camino de Moledores s/n. 13003, Ciudad Real, 13071 Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET and Department of Animal Health-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Rochard V, Cochard T, Crapart S, Delafont V, Moyen JL, Héchard Y, Biet F. Presence of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Associated with Environmental Amoebae. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1781. [PMID: 37665671 PMCID: PMC10251955 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the obstacles to eradicating paratuberculosis or Johne's Disease (JD) seems to be the persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in the environment due to its ability to survive alone or vectorized. It has been shown that Map is widely distributed in soils and water. Previously, we isolated amoebae associated with Map strains in the environment of bovines from an infected herd. This work aims to verify our working hypothesis, which suggests that amoebae may play a role in the transmission of JD. In this study, we sampled water in the vicinity of herds infected with Map or Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and searched for amoebae and mycobacteria. Live amoebae were recovered from all samples. Among these amoebae, four isolates associated with the presence of mycobacteria were identified and characterized. Map and other mycobacterial species were detected by qPCR and, in some cases, by culture. This study suggests that amoebae and Map may be found in the same environment and might represent a risk of exposure of animals to pathogenic mycobacteria. These data open up new perspectives on the control measures to be put in place to prevent contamination by Map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rochard
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7267, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, F-86073 Poitiers, France (V.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Thierry Cochard
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture—INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37390 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Stéphanie Crapart
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7267, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, F-86073 Poitiers, France (V.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Vincent Delafont
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7267, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, F-86073 Poitiers, France (V.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d’Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne, F-24660 Coulounieix-Chamiers, France
| | - Yann Héchard
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7267, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, F-86073 Poitiers, France (V.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Franck Biet
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture—INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37390 Nouzilly, France;
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15
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Bisschop PIH, Frankena K, Milne GM, Ford T, McCallan L, Young FJ, Byrne AW. Relationship between ambient temperature at sampling and the interferon gamma test result for bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2023; 283:109778. [PMID: 37216720 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of significant economic and zoonotic importance, therefore, optimising tests for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle is essential. The Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (IGRA) can diagnose M. bovis infected cattle at an early stage, is easy to perform and can be used alongside skin tests for confirmatory purposes or to increase diagnostic sensitivity. It is known that IGRA performance is sensitive to environmental conditions under which samples are taken and transported. In this study, the association between the ambient temperature on the day of bleeding and the subsequent IGRA result for bTB was quantified using field samples from Northern Ireland (NI). Results of 106,434 IGRA results (2013-2018) were associated with temperature data extracted from weather stations near tested cattle herds. Model dependent variables were the levels of IFN-γ triggered by avian purified protein derivative (PPDa), M. bovis PPD (PPDb), their difference (PPD(b-a)) as well as the final binary outcome (positive or negative for M. bovis infection). IFN-γ levels after both PPDa and PPDb stimulation were lowest at the extremes of the temperature distribution for NI. The highest IGRA positive probability (above 6%) was found on days with moderate maximum temperatures (6-16 °C) or moderate minimum temperatures (4-7 °C). Adjustment for covariates did not lead to major changes in the model estimates. These data suggest that IGRA performance can be affected when samples are taken at high or low temperatures. Whilst it is difficult to exclude physiological factors, the data nonetheless supports the temperature control of samples from bleeding through to laboratory to help mitigate post-collection confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I H Bisschop
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Frankena
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G M Milne
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - T Ford
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - L McCallan
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - F J Young
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - A W Byrne
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), 12 Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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16
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Marianelli C, Verrubbi V, Pruiti Ciarello F, Ippolito D, Pacciarini ML, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Geo-epidemiology of animal tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis genotypes in livestock in a small, high-incidence area in Sicily, Italy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1107396. [PMID: 37007490 PMCID: PMC10063800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe persistence of animal tuberculosis (TB) in livestock is a major concern in Sicily, Italy. The objective of this study was to elucidate the transmission dynamics of M. bovis infection in a highly circumscribed, and at the same time geographically diverse, high-risk area of the island through an in-depth geo-epidemiological investigation of TB in cattle and black pigs raised in small-scale extensive farms across the district of Caronia.MethodsWe used genotype analysis coupled with geographic information system (GIS) technology and phylogenetic inference to characterize the spatial distribution of TB and M. bovis genotypes in livestock and the genetic relationships between M. bovis isolates. A total of 589 M. bovis isolates collected from slaughtered cattle (n = 527) and Sicilian black pigs (n = 62) over a 5-year period (2014–2018) were included in the study.ResultsTB was widespread throughout the district and was most frequent in the north-central area of the district, especially along one of the district’s streams. We identified a total of 62 M. bovis genotypes. Identical genetic profiles were isolated from both neighboring and non-neighburing herds. The 10 most frequent genotypes, accounting for 82% of M. bovis isolates, showed geographic specificities in that they tended to cluster in specific spatial niches. The landscape structure of these niches—i.e. steep slopes, rocky ridges, meadows and streams—is likely to have had a significant influence on the distribution of TB among livestock in Caronia. Higher concentrations of TB were observed along streams and in open meadows, while rocky ridges and slopes appeared to have hampered the spread of TB.DiscussionThe geographical distribution of TB cases among livestock in Caronia is consistent with several epidemiological scenarios (e.g., high density of infected herds along the streams or in hilly plateau where livestock share pastures). Landscape structure is likely to play an important role in the transmission and persistence of M. bovis infection across the district. Additional potential risk factors, such as livestock trading and extensive breeding methods, are also discussed. Our results will contribute to the improvement of surveillance, control and eradication activities of TB in Sicily by the implementation of ad hoc TB control measures, especially in farms located along streams, sharing common pastures or with mixed animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Marianelli,
| | - Vladimiro Verrubbi
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Pacciarini
- National Reference Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Sezione Diagnostica Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Italy
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17
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Klich D, Didkowska A, Pyziel-Serafin AM, Perlińska-Teresiak M, Wołoszyn-Gałęza A, Żoch K, Balcerak M, Olech W. Contact between European bison and cattle from the cattle breeders' perspective, in the light of the risk of pathogen transmission. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285245. [PMID: 37134113 PMCID: PMC10155960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals can pose a threat to endangered species, undermine conservation efforts in wildlife, and affect productivity and parasite control in domestic animals. There are several examples of pathogen transmission between European bison and other animals. The present study surveyed breeders from the vicinity of four large wisent populations in eastern Poland about observed contacts between wisent and cattle. Such contacts were noted by 37% of breeders, indicating a significant risk of contact between European bison and cattle in the study areas, even in the areas where the European bison live mainly in a forest complex, i.e., in the Borecka Forest. A higher potential risk of contacts between European bison and cattle was noted in the Białowieska Forest and the Bieszczady Mountains than in the Borecka and Knyszyńska Forests. In the Białowieska Forest, the risk of viral pathogen transmission resulting from contacts is higher (more direct contacts), and in the case of the Bieszczady Mountains, the probability of parasitic diseases is higher. The chance of contacts between European bison and cattle depended on the distance of cattle pastures from human settlements. Moreover, such contact was possible throughout the year, not only in spring and fall. It appears possible to minimize the risk of contacts between wisent and cattle by changing management practices for both species, such as keeping grazing areas as close as possible to settlements, and reducing the time cattle graze on pastures. However, the risk of contact is much greater if European bison populations are large and are dispersed beyond forest complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Pyziel-Serafin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Marek Balcerak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Collard KJ. A study of the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in the wild red deer herd of Exmoor. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:14. [PMID: 36694617 PMCID: PMC9851115 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease which thrives at the wildlife-livestock interface. Exmoor has the largest herd of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in England, and also a large number of dairy and beef farms. The population, health and well-being of the herd are managed by a combination of hunting with hounds and by stalking. This study used a serological assay to determine the incidence of bTB in the population of 106 wild red deer of Exmoor, the relationship between regional deer densities and the presence of bTB in deer, and domestic cattle. The overall number of bTB positive deer was 28.3% (30/106). Stalked deer had a slightly higher incidence of bTB (19 out of 55, 34.55%) than hunted deer (11 out of 51, 21.57%). There was no clear pattern of distribution except for one region which showed an incidence of 42.22% compared with 16.4% in the remainder of the moor. There was little difference in the incidence of bTB between male and female animals. The age of animals in the study ranged from < 1 year to over 10 years. There was no clear difference in the incidence across the age range (< 1 year- > 10 years) with the exception of a particularly high incidence in those animals aged 1 year or less. There was a significant correlation between the presence of deer with bTB and the number of farms reporting bTB positive cattle, but not between the regional population of red deer and bTB in deer or cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Collard
- Badgworthy Trust for the Preservation of Exmoor, The Elms Estate, The Elms Office, Bishops Tawton, Barnstaple, 32 OEJ Devon, EX UK
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19
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Byrne AW, Barrett D, Breslin P, Fanning J, Casey M, Madden JM, Lesellier S, Gormley E. Bovine tuberculosis in youngstock cattle: A narrative review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1000124. [PMID: 36213413 PMCID: PMC9540495 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a high-priority global pathogen of concern. The role of youngstock animals in the epidemiology of bTB has not been a focus of contemporary research. Here we have aimed to collate and summarize what is known about the susceptibility, diagnosis, transmission (infectiousness), and epidemiology to M. bovis in youngstock (up to 1-year of age). Youngstock are susceptible to M. bovis infection when exposed, with the capacity to develop typical bTB lesions. Calves can be exposed through similar routes as adults, via residual infection, contiguous neighborhood spread, wildlife spillback infection, and the buying-in of infected but undetected cattle. Dairy systems may lead to greater exposure risk to calves relative to other production systems, for example, via pooled milk. Given their young age, calves tend to have shorter bTB at-risk exposure periods than older cohorts. The detection of bTB varies with age when using a wide range of ante-mortem diagnostics, also with post-mortem examination and confirmation (histological and bacteriological) of infection. When recorded as positive by ante-mortem test, youngstock appear to have the highest probabilities of any age cohort for confirmation of infection post-mortem. They also appear to have the lowest false negative bTB detection risk. In some countries, many calves are moved to other herds for rearing, potentially increasing inter-herd transmission risk. Mathematical models suggest that calves may also experience lower force of infection (the rate that susceptible animals become infected). There are few modeling studies investigating the role of calves in the spread and maintenance of infection across herd networks. One study found that calves, without operating testing and control measures, can help to maintain infection and lengthen the time to outbreak eradication. Policies to reduce testing for youngstock could lead to infected calves remaining undetected and increasing onwards transmission. Further studies are required to assess the risk associated with changes to testing policy for youngstock in terms of the impact for within-herd disease control, and how this may affect the transmission and persistence of infection across a network of linked herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Byrne
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Andrew W. Byrne ;
| | - Damien Barrett
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
- ERAD, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Breslin
- ERAD, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - June Fanning
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Casey
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M. Madden
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife (LRFSN), ANSES, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, Malzéville, France
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Zhang H, Liu M, Fan W, Sun S, Fan X. The impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the environment on one health approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994745. [PMID: 36159313 PMCID: PMC9489838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has become one of the leading causes of death in humans and animals. Current research suggests that the transmission of MTBC in the environment indirectly transmit to humans and animals with subsequent impact on their wellbeing. Therefore, it is of great significance to take One Health approach for understanding the role of MTBC in not only the interfaces of humans and animals, but also environment, including soil, water, pasture, air, and dust, etc., in response to the MTBC infection. In this review, we present the evidence of MTBC transmission from environment, as well as detection and control strategies in this interface, seeking to provide academic leads for the global goal of End Tuberculosis Strategy under multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborations.
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21
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Rajbhandari RM, de la Fuente J, Karmacharya D, Mathema S, Maharjan B, Dixit SM, Shrestha N, Queirós J, Gortázar C, Alves PC. Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:262. [PMID: 35794608 PMCID: PMC9258206 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) that causes the chronic infectious disease- tuberculosis (TB), often presents with a complicated epidemiological pattern where the transmission chain may include humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including elephants. TB has been reported globally in both captive and wild elephants. The One Health approach might be the most effective way of understanding the shared MTC infection dynamics in captive and wild animals like Asian elephants. This systematic review accumulates evidence on occurrence, transmission pathways, and preventive measures of TB in elephants from a One Health perspective. Results The prevalence of TB reported in elephant populations ranges from 0 to 23.33% and high prevalence’s are reported for elephants that are in close proximity to infected humans. The risk of elephant to human infection transmission increased significantly with exposure duration and contact with infected elephants. Some studies described the plausible TB transmission to captive elephants from other animals (wild and domestic), suggesting inter- and intra-species transmission. The results of this systematic review based on 27 relevant published works, suggest three overarching interrelated transmission pathways for M. tuberculosis infections in Asian elephants- i) humans and elephants, ii) other animals (wild or domestic) and elephants and iii) unclear sources of infection. Conclusions The progress made with new TB diagnostic tools provides multiple methods to choose from. However, lack of harmonization of TB testing in elephants and their human contacts remains a challenge to prevent TB in those animals. Routine TB screening among elephants and caretakers by setting up an occupational health program for early diagnosis of infection through combined efforts of public health, veterinary medicine, and occupational health experts is suggested. This implies the need for a One Health approach to elephant TB control. This review reveals the need for more research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex transmission pathways at the human-animal interface.
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22
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Pereira AC, Tenreiro A, Tenreiro R, Cunha MV. Stalking Mycobacterium bovis in the total environment: FLOW-FISH & FACS to detect, quantify, and sort metabolically active and quiescent cells in complex matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128687. [PMID: 35305414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis (TB) at the human-wildlife-livestock interface. Environmental persistence of M. bovis excreted by infected hosts may cause indirect transmission to other animals. However, methodological constrains hamper assessment of M. bovis viability and molecular signature in environmental matrices. In this work, an innovative, modular, and highly efficient single-cell workflow combining flow cytometry (FLOW), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was developed, allowing detection, quantification, and sorting of viable and dormant M. bovis cells from environmental matrices. Validation with spiked water and sediments showed high efficiency (90%) of cell recovery, with high linearity between expected and observed results, both in cell viability evaluation (r2 =0.93) and FISH-labelled M. bovis cells quantification (r2 ≥0.96). The limit of detection was established at 105 cells/g of soil in the cell viability step and 102 cells/g of soil in the taxonomical labelling stage. Moreover, FACS efficiency attained noteworthy recovery yield (50%) and purity (60% viable cells; 70% taxonomically labelled M. bovis). This new methodology represents a huge step for M. bovis assessment outside the mammal host, offering the rapid quantification of M. bovis cell load and cell viability, including viable but non-culturable cells, and further downstream cell analyses after FACS. Subsequent environmental data integration with the clinical component will expand knowledge on transmission routes, promising new paths in TB research and an intervention tool to mitigate the underlying biohazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Tenreiro
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Tenreiro
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Murphy KJ, Morera‐Pujol V, Ryan E, Byrne AW, Breslin P, Ciuti S. Habitat availability alters the relative risk of a bovine tuberculosis breakdown in the aftermath of a commercial forest clearfell disturbance. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian J. Murphy
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, SBES University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Virginia Morera‐Pujol
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, SBES University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Eoin Ryan
- Ruminant Animal Health Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Backweston, Kildare Ireland
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- One Health Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre (NDCC), Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Dublin Ireland
| | - Philip Breslin
- Ruminant Animal Health Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Backweston, Kildare Ireland
| | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, SBES University College Dublin Ireland
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24
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Mtetwa HN, Amoah ID, Kumari S, Bux F, Reddy P. Molecular surveillance of tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria in wastewater. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08910. [PMID: 35198775 PMCID: PMC8842018 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The surveillance of tuberculosis infections has largely depended on clinical diagnostics and hospitalization data. The advancement in molecular methods creates an opportunity for the adoption of alternative surveillance systems, such as wastewater-based epidemiology. This study presents the use of conventional and advanced polymerase chain reaction techniques (droplet digital PCR) to determine the occurrence and concentration of total mycobacteria and members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in treated and untreated wastewater. Wastewater samples were taken from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the city of Durban, South Africa, known for a high burden of TB/MDR-TB due to HIV infections. All untreated wastewater samples contained total mycobacteria and MTBC at varying percentages per WWTP studied. Other members of the MTBC related to tuberculosis infection in animals, M. bovis and M. caprae were also detected. The highest median concentration detected in untreated wastewater was up to 4.9 (±0.2) Log10 copies/ml for total mycobacteria, 4.0 (±0.85) Log10 copies/ml for MTBC, 3.9 (±0.54) Log10 copies/ml for M. tuberculosis, 2.7 (±0.42) Log10 copies/ml for M. africanum, 4.0 (±0.29) Log10 copies/ml for M. bovis and 4.5 (±0.52) Log10 copies/ml for M. caprae. Lower concentrations were detected in the treated wastewater, with a statistically significant difference (P-value ≤ 0.05) in concentrations observed. The log reduction achieved for these bacteria in the respective WWTPs was not statistically different, indicating that the treatment configuration did not have an impact on their removal. The detection of M. africanum in wastewater from South Africa shows that it is possible that some of the TB infections in the community could be caused by this mycobacterium. This study, therefore, highlights the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology for monitoring tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe N Mtetwa
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology (IWWT), Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Isaac D Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology (IWWT), Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology (IWWT), Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology (IWWT), Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the coasts of Sicily (Italy). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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Gomez-Buendia A, Romero B, Bezos J, Lozano F, de Juan L, Alvarez J. Spoligotype-specific risk of finding lesions in tissues from cattle infected by Mycobacterium bovis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:148. [PMID: 33827573 PMCID: PMC8028093 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the pathogenic effect of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in susceptible hosts is well known, differences in clinical signs and pathological findings observed in infected animals have been reported, likely due to a combination of host and pathogen-related factors. Here, we investigated whether Mycobacterium bovis strains belonging to different spoligotypes were associated with a higher risk of occurrence of visible/more severe lesions in target organs (lungs and/or lymph nodes) from infected animals. A large collection of 8889 samples belonging to cattle were classified depending on the presence/absence of tuberculosis-like lesions and its degree of severity. All samples were subjected to culture irrespective of the presence of lesions, and isolates retrieved were identified and subjected to spoligotyping. The association between the presence/severity of the lesions and the isolation of strains from a given spoligotype was assessed using non-parametric tests and Bayesian mixed multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for origin (region and herd) effects. Results Results suggested a difference in severity in lesioned samples depending on the strain’s spoligotype. An association between specific spoligotypes and presence of lesions was observed, with a higher risk of finding lesions in animals infected with strains with spoligotypes SB0120, SB0295 and SB1142 compared with SB0121, and in those coming from certain regions in Spain. Conclusions Our results suggest that strains belonging to certain spoligotypes may be associated with a higher probability in the occurrence of gross/macroscopic lesions in infected cattle, although these observational findings should be confirmed in further studies that allow accounting for the effect of other possible confounders not considered here, and ultimately through experimental studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02848-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Buendia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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