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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Campbell TM, Trudel G. Protecting the regenerative environment: selecting the optimal delivery vehicle for cartilage repair-a narrative review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1283752. [PMID: 38333081 PMCID: PMC10850577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1283752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal cartilage defects are common in youth and older adults, cause significant morbidity and constitute a major risk factor for developing osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most common musculoskeletal (MSK) disease worldwide, resulting in pain, stiffness, loss of function, and is currently irreversible. Research into the optimal regenerative approach and methods in the setting of either focal cartilage defects and/or OA holds to the ideal of resolving both diseases. The two fundamentals required for cartilage regenerative treatment are 1) the biological element contributing to the regeneration (e.g., direct application of stem cells, or of an exogenous secretome), and 2) the vehicle by which the biological element is suspended and delivered. The vehicle provides support to the regenerative process by providing a protective environment, a structure that allows cell adherence and migration, and a source of growth and regenerative factors that can activate and sustain regeneration. Models of cartilage diseases include osteochondral defect (OCD) (which usually involve one focal lesion), or OA (which involves a more diffuse articular cartilage loss). Given the differing nature of these models, the optimal regenerative strategy to treat different cartilage diseases may not be universal. This could potentially impact the translatability of a successful approach in one condition to that of the other. An analogy would be the repair of a pothole (OCD) versus repaving the entire road (OA). In this narrative review, we explore the existing literature evaluating cartilage regeneration approaches for OCD and OA in animal then in human studies and the vehicles used for each of these two conditions. We then highlight strengths and challenges faced by the different approaches presented and discuss what might constitute the optimal cartilage regenerative delivery vehicle for clinical cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mark Campbell
- Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Nogoceke R, Josino R, Robert AW, Stimamiglio MA. Evaluation of a Peptide Hydrogel as a Chondro-Instructive Three-Dimensional Microenvironment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4630. [PMID: 38139882 PMCID: PMC10747086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are inherently irreversible, even with the advancement in current therapeutic options. Alternative approaches, such as the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and tissue engineering techniques, have gained prominence. MSCs represent an ideal source of cells due to their low immunogenicity, paracrine activity, and ability to differentiate. Among biomaterials, self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPH) are interesting given their characteristics such as good biocompatibility and tunable properties. Herein we associate human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with a commercial SAPH, Puramatrix™, to evaluate how this three-dimensional microenvironment affects cell behavior and its ability to undergo chondrogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that the Puramatrix™ hydrogel comprises a highly porous matrix permissible for hASC adhesion and in vitro expansion. The morphology and cell growth dynamics of hASCs were affected when cultured on the hydrogel but had minimal alteration in their immunophenotype. Interestingly, hASCs spontaneously formed cell aggregates throughout culturing. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan production and gene expression revealed a noteworthy and donor-dependent trend suggesting that Puramatrix™ hydrogel may have a natural capacity to support the chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs. Altogether, the results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and limitations of the Puramatrix™ hydrogel in developing functional cartilage tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (R.N.); (R.J.)
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (R.N.); (R.J.)
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Deng C, Li Z, Lu L, Zhang H, Chen R, Liu Y, Tong Y, Fan OR, Huang W, Sun YE, Yin F, Cheng Y. Sophisticated Magneto-Mechanical Actuation Promotes In Situ Stem Cell Assembly and Chondrogenesis for Treating Osteoarthritis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21690-21707. [PMID: 37862095 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal mechanical loading often leads to the progressive degradation of cartilage and causes osteoarthritis (OA). Although multiple mechanoresponsive strategies based on biomaterials have been designed to restore healthy cartilage microenvironments, methods to remotely control the on-demand mechanical forces for cartilage repair pose significant challenges. Here, a magneto-mechanically controlled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) platform, based on the integration of intercellular mechanical communication and intracellular mechanosignaling processes, is developed for OA treatment. MSCs loaded with antioxidative melanin@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Magcells) rapidly assemble into highly ordered cell clusters with enhanced cell-cell communication under a time-varying magnetic field, which enables long-term retention and differentiation of Magcells in the articular cavity. Subsequently, via mimicking the gait cycle, chondrogenesis can be further enhanced by the dynamic activation of mechanical signaling processes in Magcells. This sophisticated magneto-mechanical actuation strategy provides a paradigm for developing mechano-therapeutics to repair cartilage in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijun Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Laiya Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Orion R Fan
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wanxin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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Thomas V, Mercuri J. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of naturally derived scaffolds for cartilage repair and regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:1-18. [PMID: 37708926 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically present bioactive cues allow naturally derived materials to mimic important characteristics of cartilage while also facilitating cellular recruitment, infiltration, and differentiation. Such traits are often what tissue engineers desire when they fabricate scaffolds, and yet, literature from the past decade is replete with examples of how most natural constructs with native biomolecules have only offered sub-optimal results in the treatment of cartilage defects. This paper provides an in-depth investigation of the performance of such scaffolds through a review of a collection of natural materials that have been used so far in repairing/regenerating articular cartilage. Although in vivo and clinical studies are the best indicators of scaffold efficacy, it was, however, observed that a large number of natural constructs had very promising scaffold characteristics to begin with, and would often show good in vitro/in vivo results. Finally, an examination of the biochemistry and biomechanics of repair tissues in studies that reported positive outcomes showed that these attributes often approached target cartilage values. The paper concludes with an outline of current trends as well as future directions for the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review offers an exclusive focus on natural scaffold materials for cartilage repair and regeneration and provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of their performance under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions. Readers can learn about environments where natural scaffolds have had the most success and tailor strategies to optimize their own work. Furthermore, given how the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to hydroxyproline (HYP) ratio and moduli are fundamental attributes of hyaline cartilage, this paper adds to the body of knowledge by exploring how these characteristics reflect in preclinical outcomes. Such perspectives can greatly aid researchers better utilize natural materials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (CTE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Thomas
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, 401-5 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, 401-5 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.
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Zhang K, Xu T, Xie H, Li J, Fu W. Donor-Matched Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma Synergistically Ameliorate Surgery-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rabbits: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3008-3024. [PMID: 37528751 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231187042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that causes joint pain and disability. Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for OA. PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) combined with donor-matched platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat OA in a rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS PBMSCs and donor-matched PRP were isolated and prepared from the same rabbit. PBMSCs were treated with serum-free medium, fetal bovine serum, and PRP; a series of PBMSC behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and adhesion, were compared among groups. The ability of PBMSCs or PRP alone and PBMSCs+PRP to protect chondrocytes against proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 1β [IL-1β]) treatment was compared by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and apoptosis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism genes and proteins, and Western blotting was used to explore the potential mechanism of the corresponding signaling pathway. In vivo, the effect of PBMSCs+PRP on cartilage and inflammation of the synovium was observed in a surgery-induced OA rabbit model via gross observation, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Proliferation, migration, and adhesion ability were enhanced in PBMSCs treated with PRP. Moreover, compared with either PBMSCs or PRP alone, PBMSCs+PRP enhanced ROS-scavenging ability and inhibited apoptosis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. PBMSCs+PRP also reversed the IL-1β-induced degradation of collagen type 2 and aggrecan and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13, and this effect was related to increased expression of ECM synthesis and decreased expression of degradation and inflammatory genes and proteins. Mechanistically, PBMSCs+PRP reduced the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα (IκBα), which further inhibited the phosphorylation of downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo, compared with PBMSCs or PRP alone, intra-articular (IA) injection of PBMSCs+PRP enhanced cartilage regeneration and attenuated synovial inflammation in OA-induced rabbits. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PRP could enhance biological activities, including viability, migration, and adhesion, in PBMSCs. PBMSCs+PRP could rescue ECM degeneration by inhibiting inflammatory signaling in IL-1β-treated OA chondrocytes. In addition, IA injection of PBMSCs+PRP effectively attenuated OA progression in a surgery-induced OA rabbit model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PBMSCs+PRP may provide a promising treatment for knee OA, and this study can advance the related basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Zhang
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhao Xu
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weili Fu
- Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cong B, Sun T, Zhao Y, Chen M. Current and Novel Therapeutics for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:485-502. [PMID: 37360195 PMCID: PMC10290456 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s410277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is a sophisticated process that has is being recently investigated. There are several different approaches that are currently reported to promote cartilage repair, like cell-based therapies, biologics, and physical therapy. Cell-based therapies involve the using stem cells or chondrocytes, which make up cartilage, to promote the growth of new cartilage. Biologics, like growth factors, are also being applied to enhance cartilage repair. Physical therapy, like exercise and weight-bearing activities, can also be used to promote cartilage repair by inducing new cartilage growth and improving joint function. Additionally, surgical options like osteochondral autograft, autologous chondrocyte implantation, microfracture, and others are also reported for cartilage regeneration. In the current literature review, we aim to provide an up-to-date discussion about these approaches and discuss the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
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Cui L, Yang Z, Hong J, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zheng W, Hao Y, He J, Ni P, Cheng G. Injectable and Degradable POSS-Polyphosphate-Polysaccharide Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffold for Cartilage Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20625-20637. [PMID: 37078820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The limited self-repair capacity of articular cartilage has motivated the development of stem cell therapy based on artificial scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage tissue. In view of the specificity of articular cartilage, desirable tissue adhesiveness and stable mechanical properties under cyclic mechanical loads are critical for cartilage scaffolds. Herein, we developed an injectable and degradable organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel as a cartilage scaffold based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-cored polyphosphate and polysaccharide. Specifically, acrylated 8-arm star-shaped POSS-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (POSS-8PEEP-AC) was synthesized and cross-linked with thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) to form a degradable POSS-PEEP/HA hydrogel. Incorporation of POSS in the hydrogel increased the mechanical properties. The POSS-PEEP/HA hydrogel showed enzymatic biodegradability and favorable biocompatibility, supporting the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs was promoted by loading transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) in the hydrogel. In addition, the injectable POSS-PEEP/HA hydrogel was capable of adhering to rat cartilage tissue and resisting cyclic compression. Furthermore, in vivo results revealed that the transplanted hMSCs encapsulated in the POSS-PEEP/HA hydrogel scaffold significantly improved cartilage regeneration in rats, while the conjugation of TGF-β3 achieved a better therapeutic effect. The present work demonstrated the potential of the injectable, biodegradable, and mechanically enhanced POSS-PEEP/HA hybrid hydrogel as a scaffold biomaterial for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Cui
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Hong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanchi Zhu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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9
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van de Looij SM, de Jong OG, Vermonden T, Lorenowicz MJ. Injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles in cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:685-708. [PMID: 36739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of small vesicles secreted by essentially all cell types, containing a wide variety of biological macromolecules. Due to their intrinsic capabilities for efficient intercellular communication, they are involved in various aspects of cellular functioning. In the past decade, EVs derived from stem cells attracted interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Owing to their regenerative properties, they have great potential for use in tissue repair, in particular for tissues with limited regenerative capabilities such as cartilage. The maintenance of articular cartilage is dependent on a precarious balance of many different components that can be disrupted by the onset of prevalent rheumatic diseases. However, while cartilage is a tissue with strong mechanical properties that can withstand movement and heavy loads for years, it is virtually incapable of repairing itself after damage has occurred. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) transport regenerative components such as proteins and nucleic acids from their parental cells to recipient cells, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Many possible pathways through which SC-EVs execute their regenerative function have been reported, but likely there are still numerous other pathways that are still unknown. This review discusses various preclinical studies investigating intra-articular injections of free SC-EVs, which, while often promoting chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo, showed a recurring limitation of the need for multiple administrations to achieve sufficient tissue regeneration. Potentially, this drawback can be overcome by making use of an EV delivery platform that is capable of sustainably releasing EVs over time. With their remarkable versatility and favourable chemical, biological and mechanical properties, hydrogels can facilitate this release profile by encapsulating EVs in their porous structure. Ideally, the optimal delivery platform can be formed in-situ, by means of an injectable hydrogel that can be administered directly into the affected joint. Relevant research fulfilling these criteria is discussed in detail, including the steps that still need to be taken before injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of EVs can be applied in the context of cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van de Looij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hassan TA, Maher MA, El Karmoty AF, Ahmed ZSO, Ibrahim MA, Rizk H, Reyad AT. Auricular cartilage regeneration using different types of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits. Biol Res 2022; 55:40. [PMID: 36572914 PMCID: PMC9791760 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilaginous disorders comprise a wide range of diseases that affect normal joint movement, ear and nose shape; and they have great social and economic impact. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising regeneration alternative for treatment of degenerative cartilaginous disorders. This study aimed to compare therapeutic potential of different types of laser activated MSCs to promote auricular cartilage regeneration. Twelve adult rabbit allocated equally in four groups, all animals received a surgical mid auricular cartilage defect in one ear; Group I (Positive control) injected sub-perichondrially with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Group II (ADMSC-transplanted group) injected adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs), Group III (BMMSCs-transplanted group) received bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs), and Group IV (EMSC-transplanted group) received ear MSCs (EMSCs) in the defected ear. The auricular defect was analyzed morphologically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically after 4 weeks. In addition, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine expression of the collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan as cartilage growth factors. RESULTS The auricles of all treatments appeared completely healed with smooth surfaces and similar tissue color. Histopathologically, defective areas of control positive group, ADMSCs and EMSCs treated groups experienced a small area of immature cartilage. While BMMSCs treated group exhibited typical features of new cartilage formation with mature chondrocytes inside their lacunae and dense extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, BMMSC treated group showed a positive reaction to Masson's trichrome and orcein stains. In contrary, control positive, ADMSC and EMSC groups revealed faint staining with Masson's trichrome and Orcein. Immunohistochemically, there was an intense positive S100 expression in BMMSCs (with a significant increase of area percentage + 21.89 (P < 0.05), a moderate reaction in EMSCs (with an area percentage + 17.97, and a mild reaction in the control group and ADMSCs (area percentages + 8.02 and + 11.37, respectively). The expression of relative col II and aggrecan was substantially highest in BMMSCs (± 0.91 and ± 0.89, respectively). While, Control positive, ADMSCs and EMSCs groups recorded (± 0.41: ± 0.21, ± 0.6: ± 0.44, ± 0.61: ± 0.63) respectively. CONCLUSION BMMSCs showed the highest chondrogenic potential compared to ADMSCs and EMSCs and should be considered the first choice in treatment of cartilaginous degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Ahmed Hassan
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Maher
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Amr Fekry El Karmoty
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ,King Salman International University, South Sinai, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Ayman Tolba Reyad
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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11
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Sun D, Liu X, Xu L, Meng Y, Kang H, Li Z. Advances in the Treatment of Partial-Thickness Cartilage Defect. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6275-6287. [PMID: 36536940 PMCID: PMC9758915 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial-thickness cartilage defects (PTCDs) of the articular surface is the most common problem in cartilage degeneration, and also one of the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Due to the lack of a clear diagnosis, the symptoms are often more severe when full-thickness cartilage defect (FTCDs) is present. In contrast to FTCDs and osteochondral defects (OCDs), PTCDs does not injure the subchondral bone, there is no blood supply and bone marrow exudation, and the nearby microenvironment is unsuitable for stem cells adhesion, which completely loses the ability of self-repair. Some clinical studies have shown that partial-thickness cartilage defects is as harmful as full-thickness cartilage defects. Due to the poor effect of conservative treatment, the destructive surgical treatment is not suitable for the treatment of partial-thickness cartilage defects, and the current tissue engineering strategies are not effective, so it is urgent to develop novel strategies or treatment methods to repair PTCDs. In recent years, with the interdisciplinary development of bioscience, mechanics, material science and engineering, many discoveries have been made in the repair of PTCDs. This article reviews the current status and research progress in the treatment of PTCDs from the aspects of diagnosis and modeling of PTCDs, drug therapy, tissue transplantation repair technology and tissue engineering ("bottom-up").
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Meng
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifei Kang
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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12
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O'Connell CD, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, Caballero-Aguilar LM, Trengove A, Doyle SE, Zywicki WJ, Pirogova E, Di Bella C. Within or Without You? A Perspective Comparing In Situ and Ex Situ Tissue Engineering Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201305. [PMID: 36541723 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human articular cartilage has a poor ability to self-repair, meaning small injuries often lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and debilitating condition which is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Existing clinical strategies generally do not regenerate hyaline type cartilage, motivating research toward tissue engineering solutions. Prospective cartilage tissue engineering therapies can be placed into two broad categories: i) Ex situ strategies, where cartilage tissue constructs are engineered in the lab prior to implantation and ii) in situ strategies, where cells and/or a bioscaffold are delivered to the defect site to stimulate chondral repair directly. While commonalities exist between these two approaches, the core point of distinction-whether chondrogenesis primarily occurs "within" or "without" (outside) the body-can dictate many aspects of the treatment. This difference influences decisions around cell selection, the biomaterials formulation and the surgical implantation procedure, the processes of tissue integration and maturation, as well as, the prospects for regulatory clearance and clinical translation. Here, ex situ and in situ cartilage engineering strategies are compared: Highlighting their respective challenges, opportunities, and prospects on their translational pathways toward long term human cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal D O'Connell
- Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Anna Trengove
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Doyle
- Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Wiktor J Zywicki
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery (ACMD), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
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13
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Xiong Y, Mi BB, Lin Z, Hu YQ, Yu L, Zha KK, Panayi AC, Yu T, Chen L, Liu ZP, Patel A, Feng Q, Zhou SH, Liu GH. The role of the immune microenvironment in bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapeutic opportunity. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:65. [PMID: 36401295 PMCID: PMC9675067 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective healing post-injury. Although extensive strides have been made in the understanding of the immune microenvironment processes governing bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration, effective clinical translation of these mechanisms remains a challenge. Regulation of the immune microenvironment is increasingly becoming a favorable target for bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration; therefore, an in-depth understanding of the communication between immune cells and functional tissue cells would be valuable. Herein, we review the regulatory role of the immune microenvironment in the promotion and maintenance of stem cell states in the context of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue repair and regeneration. We discuss the roles of various immune cell subsets in bone, cartilage, and soft tissue repair and regeneration processes and introduce novel strategies, for example, biomaterial-targeting of immune cell activity, aimed at regulating healing. Understanding the mechanisms of the crosstalk between the immune microenvironment and regeneration pathways may shed light on new therapeutic opportunities for enhancing bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration through regulation of the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo-Bin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi-Qiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Kang-Kang Zha
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology,Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22761, Germany
| | - Zhen-Ping Liu
- Department of Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22761, Germany.,Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and System,National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anish Patel
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology,Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Shuan-Hu Zhou
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02120, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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14
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Guo C, Cao Z, Peng Y, Wu R, Xu H, Yuan Z, Xiong H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li W, Kong Q, Wang Y, Wu J. Subchondral bone-inspired hydrogel scaffold for cartilage regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112721. [PMID: 35905590 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the in situ regeneration of cartilage without additional cells or cytokines remains challenging. Here, inspired by the unique microstructures of subchondral bone, a cell and cytokine free hydrogel scaffold for cartilage regeneration was developed via a strategy of directional lyophilization and postcrosslinking. This strategy achieved intersecting microchannels in an orderly arrangement and an aligned ladder-like texture in a semi-interpenetrating hydrogel network. The resulting hydrogel had similar mechanical properties to the native cartilage extracellular matrix. Incorporating chitosan into the rigid network also endowed the hydrogel with excellent hemostatic properties. By delicately tuning the components and postcrosslinking conditions, the hydrogel was further endowed with suitable swelling and degradation properties for cartilage regeneration. In vitro tests showed that the highly biocompatible hydrogel scaffold could facilitate the migration and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo results further verified that the hydrogel could promote the in situ regeneration of cartilage in a rat model of osteochondral defects. In summary, the subchondral bone-like hydrogel revealed promising prospects in cartilage regeneration and a variety of bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Guo
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenxing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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15
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Roseti L, Grigolo B. Current concepts and perspectives for articular cartilage regeneration. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:61. [PMID: 35776217 PMCID: PMC9249961 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are common in the population. The increment in the elderly people and active life results in an increasing demand for new technologies and good outcomes to satisfy longer and healthier life expectancies. However, because of cartilage's low regenerative capacity, finding an efficacious treatment is still challenging for orthopedics. Since the pioneering studies based on autologous cell transplantation, regenerative medicine has opened new approaches for cartilage lesion treatment. Tissue engineering combines cells, biomaterials, and biological factors to regenerate damaged tissues, overcoming conventional therapeutic strategies. Cells synthesize matrix structural components, maintain tissue homeostasis by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and immunologic pathways. Scaffolds are well acknowledged by clinicians in regenerative applications since they provide the appropriate environment for cells, can be easily implanted, reduce surgical morbidity, allow enhanced cell proliferation, maturation, and an efficient and complete integration with surrounding articular cartilage. Growth factors are molecules that facilitate tissue healing and regeneration by stimulating cell signal pathways. To date, different cell sources and a wide range of natural and synthetic scaffolds have been used both in pre-clinical and clinical studies with the aim to find the suitable solution for recapitulating cartilage microenvironment and inducing the formation of a new tissue with the biochemical and mechanical properties of the native one. Here, we describe the current concepts for articular cartilage regeneration, highlighting the key actors of this process trying to identify the best perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Roseti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Barisón MJ, Nogoceke R, Josino R, Horinouchi CDDS, Marcon BH, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA, Robert AW. Functionalized Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair: The Value of Secretome-Instructive Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116010. [PMID: 35682690 PMCID: PMC9181449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair has been a challenge in the medical field for many years. Although treatments that alleviate pain and injury are available, none can effectively regenerate the cartilage. Currently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are among the developed strategies to treat cartilage injury. The use of stem cells, associated or not with scaffolds, has shown potential in cartilage regeneration. However, it is currently known that the effect of stem cells occurs mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors that act on local cells. In this review, we will address the use of the secretome—a set of bioactive factors (soluble factors and extracellular vesicles) secreted by the cells—of mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for cartilage regeneration. We will also discuss methodologies for priming the secretome to enhance the chondroregenerative potential. In addition, considering the difficulty of delivering therapies to the injured cartilage site, we will address works that use hydrogels functionalized with growth factors and secretome components. We aim to show that secretome-functionalized hydrogels can be an exciting approach to cell-free cartilage repair therapy.
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17
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Bar JK, Lis-Nawara A, Grelewski PG. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112018. [PMID: 34769446 PMCID: PMC8584775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the dental pulp stem (DSC) cell-derived secretome, consisting of various biomolecules, is undergoing intense research. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo studies, most DSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine because the paracrine effect of the bioactive factors secreted by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is not completely understood. In this review, we outline the current data on the hDPSC- and SHED-derived secretome as a potential candidate in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue. Published reports demonstrate that the dental MSC-derived secretome/conditional medium may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, neural injuries, cartilage defects, and repairing bone by regulating neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic processes through secretome paracrine mechanisms. Dental MSC-secretomes, similarly to the bone marrow MSC-secretome activate molecular and cellular mechanisms, which determine the effectiveness of cell-free therapy. Many reports emphasize that dental MSC-derived secretomes have potential application in tissue-regenerating therapy due to their multidirectional paracrine effect observed in the therapy of many different injured tissues.
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18
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Adipose-Derived Extract Suppresses IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Human Chondrocytes and Ameliorates the Cartilage Destruction of Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189781. [PMID: 34575945 PMCID: PMC8470808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of adipose-derived extract (AE) on cultured chondrocytes and in vivo cartilage destruction. AE was prepared from human adipose tissues using a nonenzymatic approach. Cultured human chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with or without different concentrations of AE. The effects of co-treatment with AE on intracellular signaling pathways and their downstream gene and protein expressions were examined using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Rat AE prepared from inguinal adipose tissues was intra-articularly delivered to the knee joints of rats with experimental osteoarthritis (OA), and the effect of AE on cartilage destruction was evaluated histologically. In vitro, co-treatment with IL-1β combined with AE reduced activation of the p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and subsequently downregulated the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, IL-6, and IL-8, whereas it markedly upregulated the expression of IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) in chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of homologous AE significantly ameliorated cartilage destruction six weeks postoperatively in the rat OA model. These results suggested that AE may exert a chondroprotective effect, at least in part, through modulation of the IL-1β-induced inflammatory signaling pathway by upregulation of IL-1R2 expression.
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19
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164987. [PMID: 34443573 PMCID: PMC8398019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects the entire joint and has been a tremendous burden on the health care system worldwide. Although cell therapy has made significant progress in the treatment of OA and cartilage regeneration, there are still a series of problems. Recently, more and more evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the progression and treatment of OA. Here, we discuss that EVs from different cell sources not only participate in OA progression, but can also be used as effective tools for the diagnosis and treatment of OA. In addition, cell pretreatment strategies and EV tissue engineering play an increasingly prominent role in the field of OA treatment. This article will systematically review the latest developments in these areas. As stated above, it may provide new insights for improving OA and cartilage regeneration.
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20
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Brondeel C, Pauwelyn G, de Bakker E, Saunders J, Samoy Y, Spaas JH. Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Canine Osteoarthritis Research: "Experientia Docet" (Experience Will Teach Us). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:668881. [PMID: 34095280 PMCID: PMC8169969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.668881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently an incurable and progressive condition in dogs causing chronic joint pain and possibly increasing disability. Due to the poor healing capacity of cartilage lesions that occur with OA, development of effective therapeutics is difficult. For this reason, current OA therapy is mostly limited to the management of pain and inflammation, but not directed ad disease modification. In the search for a safe and effective OA treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been of great interest since these cells might be able to restore cartilage defects. The designs of OA studies on MSC usage, however, are not always consistent and complete, which limits a clear evaluation of MSC efficacy. The general study results show a tendency to improve lameness, joint pain and range of motion in dogs suffering from naturally-occurring OA. Assessment of the cartilage surface demonstrated the ability of MSCs to promote cartilage-like tissue formation in artificially created cartilage defects. Immunomodulatory capacities of MSCs also seem to play an important role in reducing pain and inflammation in dogs. It should be mentioned, however, that in the current studies in literature there are specific design limitations and further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlien Brondeel
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Pauwelyn
- Global Stem Cell Technology NV, Part of Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Evelien de Bakker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yves Samoy
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan H Spaas
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopedics of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Global Stem Cell Technology NV, Part of Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evergem, Belgium
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