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Pelassa S, Raggi F, Rossi C, Bosco MC. MicroRNAs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:991. [PMID: 37508421 PMCID: PMC10376583 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) represents the most common chronic pediatric arthritis in Western countries and a leading cause of disability in children. Despite recent clinical achievements, patient management is still hindered by a lack of diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and targeted treatment protocols. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs playing a key role in gene regulation, and their involvement in many pathologies has been widely reported in the literature. In recent decades, miRNA's contribution to the regulation of the immune system and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been demonstrated. Furthermore, miRNAs isolated from patients' biological samples are currently under investigation for their potential as novel biomarkers. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art on miRNA investigation in JIA. The literature addressing the expression of miRNAs in different types of biological samples isolated from JIA patients was reviewed, focusing in particular on their potential application as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of immune responses in affected joints will also be discussed along with their potential utility as markers of patients' responses to therapeutic approaches. This information will be of value to investigators in the field of pediatric rheumatology, encouraging further research to increase our knowledge of miRNAs' potential for future clinical applications in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelassa
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
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McAlpine SM, Roberts SE, Hargreaves BKV, Bullock C, Ramsey S, Stringer E, Lang B, Huber A, György B, Erdélyi F, Issekutz TB, Dérfalvi B. Differentially Expressed Inflammation-Regulating MicroRNAs in Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:227-235. [PMID: 35840148 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate microRNA expression in synovial fluid (SF), plasma, and leukocytes from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS MicroRNA expression in pooled JIA plasma and SF was assessed by absolute quantitative droplet digital PCR array. The results were validated in individual patient samples. MicroRNA content in leukocytes and extracellular vesicles was evaluated by real-time PCR in JIA blood and SF. Blood microRNA expression was compared with healthy controls (HCs). Principal component analysis was used to profile JIA plasma and SF microRNAs, and the potential biological consequences of microRNA dysregulation were investigated by pathway analysis. RESULTS MiR-15a-5p and miR-409-3p levels were higher in JIA plasma than in HC plasma. JIA SF contained elevated levels of miR-21-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-423-5p, and decreased miR-192-5p and miR-451a, compared to JIA plasma. Extracellular vesicle analysis demonstrated variable encapsulation among selected microRNAs, with only miR-155-5p being represented substantially in extracellular vesicles. SF leukocytes also had higher expression of miR-21-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-155-5p, and lower expression of miR-409-3p and miR-451a, relative to blood. No differences were observed between JIA and HC blood leukocytes. Clusters of microRNAs were commonly altered in JIA joint fluid and leukocytes compared to JIA blood samples. In silico analysis predicted that differentially expressed microRNAs in JIA target the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. CONCLUSION The expression of multiple microRNAs is dysregulated in JIA both locally and systemically, which may inhibit the TGF-β pathway. These findings advance our knowledge of JIA immunopathogenesis and may lead to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McAlpine
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
| | - Sarah E Roberts
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Breanna K V Hargreaves
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Claire Bullock
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Suzanne Ramsey
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Stringer
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bianca Lang
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam Huber
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bence György
- B. György, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, and Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas B Issekutz
- S.M. McAlpine, PhD, S.E. Roberts, BSc, B.K.V. Hargreaves, MSc, C. Bullock, BSc, S. Ramsey, MD, E. Stringer, MD, B. Lang, MD, A. Huber, MD, T.B. Issekutz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Beáta Dérfalvi
- Beáta Dérfalvi, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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