1
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Ahmad I, Parveen W, Noor S, Udin Z, Ali A, Ali I, Ullah R, Ali H. Design and synthesis of novel dihydropyridine- and benzylideneimine-based tyrosinase inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332184. [PMID: 38595924 PMCID: PMC11002185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors are very significant as they inhibit enzyme tyrosinase activity, and its inhibition is vital for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning of fruits and vegetables. This work presents a novel and economical route for the preparation of new synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors using amlodipine (4). The novel conjugates 6 (a-o) were designed, synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared and low- and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The purified compound 4 was refluxed with various aldehydes and ketones 5 (a-o) for 5-8 h in methanol at 60°C-90°C. This research modified the drug in a step-by-step manner to develop therapeutic properties as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of synthesized ligands 6 (a-o) were established based on spectral and analytical data. The synthesized compounds 6 (a-o) were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. Kojic acid was taken as standard. All the prepared compounds 6 (a-o) have good inhibition potential against the enzyme tyrosinase. Compounds 6o, 6b, 6f, and 6k depicted excellent antityrosinase activity. Compound 6k, with an IC50 value of 5.34 ± 0.58 µM, is as potent as the standard kojic acid (IC50 6.04 ± 0.11 µM), standing out among all synthesized compounds 6 (a-o). The in silico studies of the conjugates 6 (a-o) were evaluated via PatchDock. Compound 6k showed a binding affinity score of 8,999 and an atomic contact energy (ACE) value of -219.66 kcal/mol. The structure-activity relationship illustrated that the presence of dihydropyridine nuclei and some activating groups at the ortho and para positions of the benzylideneimine moiety is the main factor for good tyrosinase activity. The compound 6k could be used as a lead compound for drug modification as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning for fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifraz Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Warda Parveen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shah Noor
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zahoor Udin
- Chemistry Department, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Bagheri A, Moradi S, Iraji A, Mahdavi M. Structure-based development of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-hydrazineylidene as tyrosinase inhibitor; in vitro and in silico study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1540. [PMID: 38233558 PMCID: PMC10794188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of new analogs of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-hydrazineylidene conjugated to different methoxyphenyl triazole (11a-n) synthesized using click reaction. The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and CHO analysis. The tyrosinase inhibitory potential of the synthesized compounds was studied. The newly synthesized scaffolds were found to illustrate the variable degree of the inhibitory profile, and the most potent analog of this series was that one bearing 4-methoxyphenyl moiety, and exhibited an IC50 value of 55.39 ± 4.93 µM. The kinetic study of the most potent derivative reveals a competitive mode of inhibition. Next, molecular docking studies were performed to understand the potent inhibitor's binding mode within the enzyme's binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations were accomplished to further investigate the orientation and binding interaction over time and the stability of the 11m-tyrosinase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzam Bagheri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Moradi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Alshaye NA, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Ashraf Z, Kehili S, Nazir Y, Naeem N, Abdul Majeed N, Sadiq A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted aurone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro, kinetic, QSAR, docking and drug-likeness studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8307-8322. [PMID: 36255179 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase enzyme plays an essential role in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. To discover potent tyrosinase inhibitors, the present studies were undertaken. In this context, synthetic aurone derivatives 26-50 were designed, synthesized, and structurally elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques including IR, UV, 1H- & 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The target compounds 26-50 were screened for their anti-tyrosinase inhibitory potential, and thus kinetic mechanism was analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. All target compounds exhibited good to excellent IC50 values in the range of 7.12 ± 0.32 μM to 66.82 ± 2.44 μM. These synthesized aurone derivatives were found as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 ± 2.81 μM) and the compound 39 inhibited tyrosinase non-competitively (Ki = 11.8 μM) by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The binding modes of these molecules were ascribed through molecular docking studies against tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The quantitative structure-activity relationship studies displayed a good correlation between 26-50 structures and their anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50) with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9926. The computational studies were coherent with experimental results and these ligands exhibited good binding values against tyrosinase and interacted with core residues of target protein. Moreover, the drug-likeness analysis also showed that some compounds have a linear correlation with Lipinski's rule of five, indicating good drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for pharmacological targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Kehili
- Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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4
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Joompang A, Anwised P, Klaynongsruang S, Taemaitree L, Wanthong A, Choowongkomon K, Daduang S, Katekaew S, Jangpromma N. Rational design of an N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptide that inhibits tyrosinase and evaluation of its mechanism of action. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100598. [PMID: 37790858 PMCID: PMC10543783 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in bioactive peptides as therapeutic agents. This is particularly interesting for tyrosinase, which can be inhibited by thiol-containing peptides. This work demonstrates that an N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptide can be rationally designed to inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro and in cells. The tetrapeptide cysteine (C), arginine (R), asparagine (N) and leucine (L) or CRNL is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 39.62 ± 6.21 μM, which is comparable to currently used tyrosinase inhibitors. Through structure-activity studies and computational modeling, we demonstrate the peptide interacts with the enzyme via electrostatic (R with E322), hydrogen bonding (N with N260) and hydrophobic (L with V248) intermolecular interactions and that a combination of these is required for potent activity. Moreover, copper chelating activity might be one of the mechanisms of tyrosinase inhibition by CRNL. Kinetic studies show that tetrapeptide is a competitive inhibitor with two-step irreversible inhibition. In addition, CRNL had no toxicity and could reduce melanin levels in the murine melanoma cell line (B16F1). Overall, CRNL is a very promising candidate for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Joompang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Preeyanan Anwised
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Wanthong
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somporn Katekaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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5
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Veerichetty V, Saravanabavan I. Molecular docking Study of Nuciferine as a Tyrosinase Inhibitor and Its Therapeutic Potential for Hyperpigmentation. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e43. [PMID: 37813639 PMCID: PMC10584639 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is synthesized by tyrosinase to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. However, overproduction and accumulation of melanin can result in hyperpigmentation and skin melanoma. Tyrosinase inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Natural tyrosinase inhibitors are often favored over synthetic ones due to the potential side effects of the latter, which can include skin irritation, allergies, and other adverse reactions. Nuciferine, an alkaloid derived from Nelumbo nucifera, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. This study focused on the in silico screening of nuciferine for anti-tyrosinase activity, using kojic acid, ascorbic acid, and resorcinol as standards. The tyrosinase protein target was selected through homology modeling. The residues of the substrate binding pocket and active site pockets were identified for the purposes of grid box optimization and docking. Nuciferine demonstrated a binding energy of -7.0 kcal/mol and a Ki of 5 µM, both of which were comparatively higher than the corresponding values of kojic acid, which showed -5.3 kcal/mol and 122 µM respectively. Therefore, nuciferine is a potent natural tyrosinase inhibitor and shows promising potential for application in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhuvaneshwari Veerichetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641006, India
| | - Iswaryalakshmi Saravanabavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641006, India
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6
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Li J, Min X, Zheng X, Wang S, Xu X, Peng J. Synthesis, Anti-Tyrosinase Activity, and Spectroscopic Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Eugenol Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:5969. [PMID: 37630220 PMCID: PMC10460039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays crucial roles in mediating the production of melanin pigment; thus, its inhibitors could be useful in preventing melanin-related diseases. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a series of cinnamic acid-eugenol esters (c1~c29) was synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The biological evaluation results showed that all compounds c1~c29 exhibited definite tyrosinase inhibitory activity; especially, compound c27 was the strongest tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50: 3.07 ± 0.26 μM), being ~4.6-fold stronger than the positive control, kojic acid (IC50: 14.15 ± 0.46 μM). Inhibition kinetic studies validated compound c27 as a reversible mixed-type inhibitor against tyrosinase. Three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results indicated that compound c27 could change the conformation and secondary structure of tyrosinase. Fluorescence-quenching results showed that compound c27 quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in the static manner with one binding site. Molecular docking results also revealed the binding interactions between compound c27 and tyrosinase. Therefore, cinnamic acid-eugenol esters, especially c27, could be used as lead compounds to find potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
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7
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Mutahir S, Khan MA, Mushtaq M, Deng H, Naglah AM, Almehizia AA, Al-Omar MA, Alrayes FI, Kalmouch A, El-Mowafi SA, Refat MS. Investigations of Electronic, Structural, and In Silico Anticancer Potential of Persuasive Phytoestrogenic Isoflavene-Based Mannich Bases. Molecules 2023; 28:5911. [PMID: 37570881 PMCID: PMC10421429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavenes have received the greatest research attention among the many groups of phytoestrogens. In this study, various isoflavene-based Mannich bases were selected for their theoretical studies. The purpose of this research was to discover the binding potential of all the designated Mannich bases acting as inhibitors against cancerous proteins EGFR, cMet, hTrkA, and HER2 (PDB codes: 5GTY, 3RHK, 6PL2, and 7JXH, respectively). For their virtual screening, DFT calculations and molecular docking studies were undertaken using in silico software. Docking studies predicted that ligands 5 and 15 exhibited the highest docking score by forming hydrogen bonds within the active pocket of protein 6PL2, ligands 1 and 15 both with protein 3RHK, and 7JXH, 12, and 17 with protein 5GTY. Rendering to the trends in polarizability and dipole moment, the energy gap values (0.2175 eV, 0.2106 eV) for the firm conformers of Mannich bases (1 and 4) replicate the increase in bioactivity and chemical reactivity. The energy gap values (0.2214 eV and 0.2172 eV) of benzoxazine-substituted isoflavene-based Mannich bases (9 and 10) reflect the increase in chemical potential due to the most stable conformational arrangements. The energy gap values (0.2188 eV and 0.2181 eV) of isoflavenes with tertiary amine-based Mannich bases (14 and 17) reflect the increase in chemical reactivity and bioactivity due to the most stable conformational arrangements. ADME was also employed to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of targeted moieties. This study revealed that these ligands have a strong potential to be used as drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mutahir
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Haishan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Ibrahim Alrayes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Kalmouch
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
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8
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Al-Rooqi M, Sadiq A, Obaid RJ, Ashraf Z, Nazir Y, Jassas RS, Naeem N, Alsharif MA, Shah SWA, Moussa Z, Mughal EU, Farghaly AR, Ahmed SA. Evaluation of 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17195-17208. [PMID: 37214694 PMCID: PMC10193543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazepines are pharmacologically active compounds, frequently utilized as a precursor for acquiring versatile molecules with several bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), analgesic, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antitubercular. In this study, the 2,4-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine scaffold was selected for their in vitro, docking, and druglikeness studies to evaluate their inhibitory potential against mushroom tyrosinase. All synthesized analogues, 1-14, exhibited moderate to good IC50 values ranging from 1.21 to 70.65 μM. The synthesized benzothiazepine derivatives were potent tyrosinase inhibitors, which outperformed the reference kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 μM). The kinetic analysis revealed that compound 2 (2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]thiazepine) was a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.01 μM. Molecular modeling studies against tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X) were conducted to recognize the binding modes of these analogues. The utilization of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations enabled the assessment of the protein-ligand complex's dynamic behavior, stability, and binding affinity for the compounds. These simulations ultimately led to the identification of compound 2 as a potential inhibitor of tyrosinase. Additionally, a druglikeness study was conducted, which supported the promising potential of the new analogues as novel antityrosinase agents. The in silico studies were consistent with the in vitro results, showing that these ligands had good binding scores against tyrosinase and interacted with the core residues of the target protein. Gaussian 09 was used for the geometry optimization of all complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah
M. Al-Rooqi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Rami J. Obaid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Rabab S. Jassas
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wadud Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abdel-Rahman Farghaly
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan
University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Benslama O, Lekmine S, Mansouri N. Phytochemical constituents of Astragalus monspessulanus and integrative analysis for its antioxidant, photoprotective, and antityrosinase activities: Experimental and computational investigation. Eur J Integr Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2023.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Athapaththu AMGK, Sanjaya SS, Lee KT, Karunarathne WAHM, Choi YH, Hur SP, Kim GY. Pinostrobin Suppresses the α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenic Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010821. [PMID: 36614262 PMCID: PMC9821324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinostrobin is a dietary flavonoid found in several plants that possesses pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and anti-aromatase effects. However, it is unclear if pinostrobin exerts anti-melanogenic properties and, if so, what the underlying molecular mechanisms comprise. Therefore, we, in this study, investigated whether pinostrobin inhibits melanin biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo, as well as the potential associated mechanism. Pinostrobin reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 700 μM. Molecular docking simulations further revealed that pinostrobin forms a hydrogen bond, as well as other non-covalent interactions, between the C-type lectin-like fold and polyphenol oxidase chain, rather than the previously known copper-containing catalytic center. Additionally, pinostrobin significantly decreased α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular and intracellular melanin production, as well as tyrosinase activity, in B16F10 melanoma cells. More specifically, pinostrobin inhibited the α-MSH-induced melanin biosynthesis signaling pathway by suppressing the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis. In fact, pinostrobin also attenuated pigmentation in α-MSH-stimulated zebrafish larvae without causing cardiotoxicity. The findings suggest that pinostrobin effectively inhibits melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo via regulation of the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyoung Tae Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, Forest Microbiology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Alghamdi S, Abbas F, Hussein R, Alhamzani A, El‐Shamy N. Spectroscopic characterization (IR, UV-Vis), and HOMO-LUMO, MEP, NLO, NBO Analysis and the Antifungal Activity for 4-Bromo-N-(2-nitrophenyl) benzamide; Using DFT Modeling and In silico Molecular Docking. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Alain KY, Tamfu AN, Kucukaydin S, Ceylan O, Cokou Pascal AD, Félicien A, Koko Dominique SC, Duru ME, Dinica RM. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, antiquorum sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibitory activities of selected Acacia species collected from Benin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mughal EU, Ashraf J, Hussein EM, Nazir Y, Alwuthaynani AS, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Ahmed SA. Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of Thioflavones and Thioflavonols as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17444-17461. [PMID: 35647459 PMCID: PMC9134403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To find new potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a diverse range of 2-arylchromone-4-thione derivatives (2a-2p) were designed and synthesized by employing a multistep strategy, and the newly synthesized compounds, for the first time, were screened in vitro for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In this context, the newly synthesized compounds (2a-2p) were characterized using a combination of several spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies and electron ionization-mass spectrometry. All the target compounds were potent against tyrosinase as compared to the standard inhibitor kojic acid (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 12.6 ± 0.6 μM). The compounds (2a-2p) produced IC50 values in the range from 1.12 ± 0.04 to 5.68 ± 0.13 μM. Among the synthesized 4-thioflavones and 4-thioflavonols, the compound 2n exhibited excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the lowest IC50 of 1.12 ± 0.04 μM that could be recommended as potential lead candidates to cure tyrosinase-mediated hyperpigmentation in the future. A kinetic study of compound 2n revealed that compound 2n inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive mode. Furthermore, the nontoxic performance of the most beneficial compounds ranging from 1 to 25 g/mL was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test method for A375 human melanoma cells for the highly efficient target compounds (2m, 2n, 2o, and 2p). Moreover, a molecular modeling study was performed against tyrosinase enzyme (2Y9X) to check the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds (2a-2p) against the target protein. Furthermore, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were conducted based on an antityrosinase assay. The value of the correlation coefficient (R 2) 0.9997 shows that there was a good correlation between (2a-2p) structures and selected properties. The geometry optimization of all complexes was performed by using Gaussian 09. Additionally, a drug-likeness research was used to establish the potent analogues' positive action as a new antityrosinase agent (2n, 2o, and 2p).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamshaid Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Essam M. Hussein
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alwuthaynani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Reem I. Alsantali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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