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Wei P, Xiao L, Hou P, Wang Q, Wang P. A novel Cu(II)-assisted peptide fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of glyphosate in real samples: real application in test strips and smartphone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5985-5996. [PMID: 37505235 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Glyp) is an organophosphorus herbicide, and its abuse causes potential harm to the environment and human health. Thus, the development of simple and portable methods for rapid and visual detection of glyphosate is of great importance. Herein, we successfully developed a new fluorescent probe L with dansyl fluorophore as a fluorescent dye and tetrapeptide (Ala-Ser-Arg-His-NH2) as a recognition group. According to the design, L exhibited a specific fluorescence quenching response to Cu2+ and formed an L-Cu2+ ensemble with a molecular ratio of 2:1, demonstrating a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 12.04 nM. Interestingly, the L-Cu2+ ensemble as a relay response probe exhibited a specific fluorescence "off-on" response to glyphosate without interference from other pesticides and anions based on the strong complexation of glyphosate and Cu2+. The LOD of the L-Cu2+ ensemble for glyphosate was calculated as 12.59 nM. Additionally, the results of three recovery experiments with real samples showed that L has good practicability and accuracy in detecting glyphosate. Test strips were also fabricated to achieve facile detection of glyphosate to demonstrate the practical application potential of the L-Cu2+ ensemble. The L-Cu2+ ensemble was integrated with a smartphone for semi-quantification of glyphosate in a field environment under a 365 nm UV lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilian Hou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifan Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, People's Republic of China.
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Joompang A, Anwised P, Klaynongsruang S, Taemaitree L, Wanthong A, Choowongkomon K, Daduang S, Katekaew S, Jangpromma N. Rational design of an N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptide that inhibits tyrosinase and evaluation of its mechanism of action. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100598. [PMID: 37790858 PMCID: PMC10543783 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in bioactive peptides as therapeutic agents. This is particularly interesting for tyrosinase, which can be inhibited by thiol-containing peptides. This work demonstrates that an N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptide can be rationally designed to inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro and in cells. The tetrapeptide cysteine (C), arginine (R), asparagine (N) and leucine (L) or CRNL is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 39.62 ± 6.21 μM, which is comparable to currently used tyrosinase inhibitors. Through structure-activity studies and computational modeling, we demonstrate the peptide interacts with the enzyme via electrostatic (R with E322), hydrogen bonding (N with N260) and hydrophobic (L with V248) intermolecular interactions and that a combination of these is required for potent activity. Moreover, copper chelating activity might be one of the mechanisms of tyrosinase inhibition by CRNL. Kinetic studies show that tetrapeptide is a competitive inhibitor with two-step irreversible inhibition. In addition, CRNL had no toxicity and could reduce melanin levels in the murine melanoma cell line (B16F1). Overall, CRNL is a very promising candidate for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Joompang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Preeyanan Anwised
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Wanthong
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somporn Katekaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Holzleitner N, Günther T, Daoud-Gadieh A, Lapa C, Wester HJ. Investigation of the structure-activity relationship at the N-terminal part of minigastrin analogs. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 37421545 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last years, several strategies have been reported to improve the metabolic stability of minigastrin analogs. However, currently applied compounds still reveal limited in vitro and in vivo stability. We thus performed a glycine scan at the N-terminus of DOTA-MGS5 (DOTA-D-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1-Nal) to systematically analyze the peptide structure. We substituted N-terminal amino acids by simple PEG spacers and investigated in vitro stability in human serum. Furthermore, we evaluated different modifications on its tetrapeptide binding sequence (H-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1-Nal-NH2). RESULTS Affinity data of all glycine scan peptides were found to be in a low nanomolar range (4.2-8.5 nM). However, a truncated compound lacking the D-γ-Glu-Ala-Tyr sequence revealed a significant loss in CCK-2R affinity. Substitution of the D-γ-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly sequence of DOTA-γ-MGS5 (DOTA- D-γ-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1-Nal-NH2) by polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers of different length exhibited only a minor influence on CCK-2R affinity and lipophilicity. However, in vitro stability of the PEG-containing compounds was significantly decreased. In addition, we confirmed that the tetrapeptide sequence H-Trp-Asp-(N-Me)Nle-1-Nal-NH2 is indeed sufficient for high CCK-2R affinity. CONCLUSION We could demonstrate that a substitution of D-γ-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly by PEG spacers simplified the peptide structure of DOTA-MGS5 while high CCK-2R affinity and favorable lipophilicity were maintained. Nevertheless, further optimization with regard to metabolic stability must be carried out for these minigastrin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Holzleitner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Amira Daoud-Gadieh
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Wang P, Wang Q, Guo Z, Xue S, Chen B, Liu Y, Ren W, Yang X, Wen S. A bifunctional peptide-based fluorescent probe for ratiometric and "turn-on" detection of Zn(II) ions and its application in living cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 268:120653. [PMID: 34838424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a bifunctional peptide-based fluorescent probe L containing a tetrapeptide scaffold (Pro-Gly-His-Trp-NH2) and a dansyl group was synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technology. As designed, L, based on a FRET mechanism, exhibited high selectivity, excellent ratiometric signals, and fast response to Zn2+ in aqueous solutions at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. In addition, when excited at 320 nm, L exhibited a fluorescent "turn-on" response towards Zn2+ based on PET mechanism. More importantly, the stoichiometry of L and Zn2+ was determined to be 2:1 by fluorescent titration, Job's plot method, and ESI-MS spectrometry. The association constant for Zn2+ ions was determined to be 6.26 × 108 M-2, while the limit of detection (LOD) of L was estimated as 5.43 nM, which is a much lower value than WHO and EPA guidelines for drinking water. Moreover, L was successfully applied to detect both Zn2+ and Cu2+ in living cells due to good biocompatibility and excellent low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Qifan Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Zhouquan Guo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Shirui Xue
- School of Journalism and Communications, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xiupei Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, China.
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Upmanis T, Kažoka H, Arsenyan P. A study of tetrapeptide enantiomeric separation on crown ether based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461152. [PMID: 32376024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chiral separations of small peptides is an important challenge in the biological and medical sciences, because different stereoisomers of chiral drugs can often possess different pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and/or toxicological activities. Commercially available crown ether chiral stationary phases based on S-(3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 (CROWNPAK CR-I (+)) and (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (ChiroSil RCA (+)) have been successfully used for separating enantiomers of various racemic compounds containing primary amino groups. In this investigation, enantioresolution of more complex model analyte - tetrapeptide Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, has been reported on crown ether chiral stationary phases. Organic and acidic modifier content in aqueous mobile phase was tested. All Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 stereoisomers showed U-shaped retention plots, based on ACN content in mobile phase. Increased retention of tetrapeptide stereoisomers was observed at low (<35%) and at high (>70%) acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, indicating that different separation mechanisms are most likely involved. As a result, baseline separation of all eight tetrapeptide enantiomer pairs was achieved under isocratic elution mode on both chiral columns.
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Ganesh CB. Influence of endomorphins along the pituitary-ovary axis in the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:429-438. [PMID: 31776826 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomorphins (EM-1 and EM-2) are the tetrapeptides involved in pain and neuroendocrine responses with a high affinity for μ-opioid receptors in vertebrates. However, their role in fish reproduction is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of EM-1 and EM-2 on the pituitary-ovary axis in the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. The experimental set-up consisted of four groups, namely, initial controls, controls, EM-1- and EM-2-treated groups (n = 10 in each group consisting of two replicates). Although the number of stage IV (vitellogenic) follicles was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in controls compared to initial controls, the stage V (preovulatory) follicles were present in controls in contrast to their absence in initial controls. Treatment of 40 μg EM-1/0.1 ml saline/fish/day for 22 days resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in the number of stage I follicles compared to controls. While similar treatment of EM-2 did not significantly alter the number of stage I follicles compared to controls, the number of stage II follicles was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in this group compared to those of controls and EM-1 treated fish. The number of stage III and IV follicles did not significantly differ among controls, EM-1- and EM-2-treated groups. However, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean number of stage V follicles was observed in EM-1- and EM-2-treated fish compared to controls. These changes were concomitant with significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the intensity and the percent area of immunoreactivity of luteinizing hormone (LH) secreting cells in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland and significantly higher (P < 0.05) percent occurrence of follicular atresia in EM-1- and EM-2-treated fish compared to those of controls. Taken together, these results suggest an inhibitory effect for endomorphins along the pituitary-ovary axis, for the first time in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Ganesh
- Neuroendocrinology Research Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
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Prasasty VD, Istyastono EP. Data of small peptides in SMILES and three-dimensional formats for virtual screening campaigns. Data Brief 2019; 27:104607. [PMID: 31656840 PMCID: PMC6806445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are structures of dipeptides, tripeptides and tetrapeptides constructed from all possible combinations of 20 natural and common amino acids. In total, the data contains 168400 peptides. The structures are available in their simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) and three-dimensional (3D) formats. The type of data are text files, which could be accessed and modified either by text editor applications (e.g. Notepad++) or by molecule visualization softwares (e.g., YASARA View). These structures could be used further in virtual screening campaigns in the early stage of drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivitri Dewi Prasasty
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Enade Perdana Istyastono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Sleman, Depok, Yogyakarta, 55282, Indonesia
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Abstract
Since the identification and cloning of human histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the rapid approval of vorinostat (Zolinza®) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the field of HDAC biology has met many initial successes. However, many challenges remain due to the complexity involved in the lysine posttranslational modifications, epigenetic transcription regulation, and nonepigenetic cellular signaling cascades. In this chapter, we will: review the discovery of the first HDAC inhibitor and present discussion regarding the future of next-generation HDAC inhibitors, give an overview of different classes of HDACs and their differences in lysine deacylation activity, discuss different classes of HDAC inhibitors and their HDAC isozyme preferences, and review HDAC inhibitors' preclinical studies, their clinical trials, their pharmacokinetic challenges, and future direction. We will also discuss the likely reason for the failure of multiple HDAC inhibitor clinical trials in malignancies other than lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In addition, the potential molecular mechanism(s) that may play a key role in the efficacy and therapeutic response rate in the clinic and the likely patient population for HDAC therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C James Chou
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Cai S, Ling C, Lu J, Duan S, Wang Y, Zhu H, Lin R, Chen L, Pan X, Cai M, Gu H. EGAR, A Food Protein-Derived Tetrapeptide, Reduces Seizure Activity in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epilepsy Models Through α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionate Receptors. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:212-226. [PMID: 27783277 PMCID: PMC5233631 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary pathogeny of epilepsy is excessive activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPARs). To find potential molecules to inhibit AMPARs, high-throughput screening was performed in a library of tetrapeptides in silico. Computational results suggest that some tetrapeptides bind stably to the AMPAR. We aligned these sequences of tetrapeptide candidates with those from in vitro digestion of the trout skin protein. Among salmon-derived products, Glu-Gly-Ala-Arg (EGAR) showed a high biological affinity toward AMPAR when tested in silico. Accordingly, natural EGAR was hypothesized to have anticonvulsant activity, and in vitro experiments showed that EGAR selectively inhibited AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission without affecting the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In addition, EGAR reduced neuronal spiking in an in vitro seizure model. Moreover, the ability of EGAR to reduce seizures was evaluated in a rodent epilepsy model. Briefer and less severe seizures versus controls were shown after mice were treated with EGAR. In conclusion, the promising experimental results suggest that EGAR inhibitor against AMPARs may be a target for antiepilepsy pharmaceuticals. Epilepsy is a common brain disorder characterized by the occurrence of recurring, unprovoked seizures. Twenty to 30 % of persons with epilepsy do not achieve adequate seizure control with any drug. Here we provide a possibility in which a natural and edible tetrapeptide, EGAR, can act as an antiepileptic agent. We have combined computation with in vitro experiments to show how EGAR modulates epilepsy. We also used an animal model of epilepsy to prove that EGAR can inhibit seizures in vivo. This study suggests EGAR as a potential pharmaceutical for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cai
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuwen Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Songwei Duan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huining Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruibang Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xingchang Pan
- Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Muyi Cai
- Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Martinez-Mayorga K, Byler KG, Yongye AB, Giulianotti MA, Dooley CT, Houghten RA. Ligand/kappa-opioid receptor interactions: insights from the X-ray crystal structure. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:114-21. [PMID: 23792349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past five years, the three-dimensional structures of 14 different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been resolved by X-ray crystallography. The most recently published structures, those of the opioid receptors (ORs), are remarkably important in pain modulation, drug addiction, and mood disorders. These structures, confirmed previously proposed key interactions conferring potency and antagonistic properties, including the well-known interaction with Asp138, conserved in all aminergic GPCRs. In addition, crystallization of the opioid receptors highlighted the potential function of the ECL2 and ICL2 loops. We have previously reported a set of potent and selective kappa opioid receptor peptide agonists, of which ff(D-nle)r-NH₂ is among the most potent and selective ones. These peptides were identified from the deconvolution of a 6,250,000 tetrapeptide combinatorial library. A derivative of this set is currently the subject of a phase 2 clinical trial in the United States. In this work, we describe comparative molecular modeling studies of kappa-OR peptide agonists with the co-crystallized antagonist, JDTic, and also report structure-activity relationships of 23 tetrapeptides. The overall binding and contact interactions are sound and interactions known to favor selectivity and potency were observed. Additional modeling studies will reveal conformational changes that the kappa-OR undergoes upon binding to these peptide agonists.
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