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Zhang Y, Yi F, Zhang X, Song J, Cai J, Lai J, Song F. IRTKS contributes to the malignant progression of cervical cancer cells. Med Oncol 2024; 41:174. [PMID: 38869721 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), one of the most aggressive tumors in women, has high risk rates of recurrence and metastasis. It is essential to study the key genes and proteins involved in CC development. IRTKS, a member of the IRSp53 family, has been reported as a tumor promoter in gastric and breast cancers. However, the biological role of IRTKS in CC is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the biological function of IRTKS in CC cells in vitro and the effect of IRTKS on tumorigenesis in vivo. Siha and Hela cells were treated with si-RNA and plasmids. Cell proliferation and growth were detected by CCK8, colony formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay, respectively. Transwell assay was used to analyze cell migration and invasion. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins was determined by western blot. IRTKS was highly expressed in CC. IRTKS contributed to the proliferation of CC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IRTKS facilitated the migration and invasion of CC cells and modulated EMT. IRTKS plays a crucial role in CC tumorigenesis, suggesting it may be a potential key gene for new therapeutic strategies in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Faping Yi
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jing Song
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Lai
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Zhou Z, Qu C, Zhou P, Zhou Q, Li D, Wu X, Yang L. Extracellular vesicles activated cancer-associated fibroblasts promote lung cancer metastasis through mitophagy and mtDNA transfer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:158. [PMID: 38825680 PMCID: PMC11145873 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that oxidative stress and its resistance plays important roles in the process of tumor metastasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is an important molecular event in oxidative stress. In lung cancer, the normal fibroblasts (NFs) are activated as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and act in the realms of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with consequences for tumor growth and metastasis. However, its activation mechanism and whether it participates in tumor metastasis through antioxidative stress remain unclear. METHODS The role and signaling pathways of tumor cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) activating NFs and the characteristic of induced CAFs (iCAFs) were measured by the transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunofluorescence, collagen contraction assay, quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter assay and mitochondrial membrane potential detection. Mitochondrial genome and single nucleotide polymorphism sequencing were used to investigate the transport of mtDNA from iCAFs to ρ0 cells, which were tumor cells with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by depletion of mtDNA. Further, the effects of iCAFs on mitochondrial function, growth and metastasis of tumor cells were analysed in co-culture models both in vitro and in vivo, using succinate dehydrogenase, glutathione and oxygen consumption rate measurements, CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, xenotransplantation and metastasis experiments as well as in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our findings revealed that EVs derived from high-metastatic lung cancer cells packaged miR-1290 that directly targets MT1G, leading to activation of AKT signaling in NFs and inducing NFs conversion to CAFs. The iCAFs exhibit higher levels of autophagy and mitophagy and more mtDNA release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could further promote this process. After cocultured with the conditioned medium (CM) of iCAFs, the ρ0 cells may restore its mitochondrial function by acquisition of mtDNA from CAFs, and further promotes tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate a novel mechanism that CAFs activated by tumor-derived EVs can promote metastasis by transferring mtDNA and restoring mitochondrial function of tumor cells which result in resistance of oxidative stress, and provide a new therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chunhui Qu
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha, 410078, China.
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3
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Gou Z, Li J, Liu J, Yang N. The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378302. [PMID: 38694824 PMCID: PMC11061421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22-26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA's dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Bethune First Clinical School of Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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International SC. Retracted: Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lung Cancer Cells Induce Transformation of Normal Fibroblasts into Lung Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promote Metastasis of Lung Cancer by Delivering lncRNA HOTAIR. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9894850. [PMID: 38298233 PMCID: PMC10830274 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9894850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/3805013.].
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Arebro J, Lee CM, Bennewith KL, Garnis C. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Malignancy with Focus on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1300. [PMID: 38279300 PMCID: PMC10816981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains an understudied and significant global cancer killer and dismal survival rates have not changed in decades. A better understanding of the molecular basis of OSCC progression and metastasis is needed to develop new approaches for treating this disease. The supportive network surrounding cancer tumor cells known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained increasing interest lately since it performs essential protumorigenic functions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main cell types in the TME and are known to play a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors. CAFs present a heterogeneity both in phenotype as well as functions, leading to the suggestion of different CAF subtypes in several cancer forms. The task to subtype CAFs in OSCC has, however, just begun, and there is today no united way of subtyping CAFs in this disease. This review aims to define the features of CAFs and to summarize CAF subtype research in malignancy with focus on OSCC including aspects as disease prognosis and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arebro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (C.-M.L.); (K.L.B.); (C.G.)
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Che-Min Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (C.-M.L.); (K.L.B.); (C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (C.-M.L.); (K.L.B.); (C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (C.-M.L.); (K.L.B.); (C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Zhang YH, Chen Y, Shi L, Han X, Xie JC, Chen Y, Xiang M, Li BW, Li J, Xing HR, Wang JY. A novel lung cancer stem cell extracellular vesicles lncRNA ROLLCSC modulate non-stemness cancer cell plasticity through miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p targeting lipid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128412. [PMID: 38029909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of lung cancer is largely attributed to metastasis. Lung cancer stem cells (CSC) are conducive to cancer heterogeneity. Long noncoding RNAs are known to participate in various biological processes regulating the development of lung cancer. However, characterization of the role and mechanisms of lncRNA in lung cancer metastasis remains a challenge. RESULTS We demonstrate that ROLLCSC, a highly expressed lncRNA in LLC-SDs, promotes the metastasis of the low metastatic LLCs both in vitro and in vivo. ROLLCSC can be transferred from LLC-SD to LLC through encapsulation in extracellular vesicles (EVs), ultimately leading to the enhancement of the metastatic phenotype of LLCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the pro-metastatic activity of ROLLCSC is achieved through its function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p to stimulate lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION In this study, we have characterized ROLLCSC, a novel lncRNA, as a pivotal regulator in the metastasis of lung cancer, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Specifically, we show that ROLLCSC is encapsulated by the EVs of LLC-SDs and transmitted to the LLCs, where it acts as a ceRNA of miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p to stimulate lipid metabolism and ultimately augments metastatic colonization of LLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Meng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Rosie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jian-Yu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Guarnerio S, Tempest R, Maani R, Hunt S, Cole LM, Le Maitre CL, Chapple K, Peake N. Cellular Responses to Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Markers of Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16755. [PMID: 38069076 PMCID: PMC10706375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel screening tests aims to support early asymptomatic diagnosis and subtyping patients according to similar traits in the heterogeneous cancer cohort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for the detection of disease markers from bodily fluids, but limitations in the standardisation of isolation methods and the intrinsic EV heterogeneity obtained from liquid biopsies are currently obstacles to clinical adoption. Here, cellular responses to cancer EVs were initially explored as potential complementary biomarkers for stage separation using colorectal cancer (CRC) SW480 and SW620 cell line models. A pilot study on a small cohort of CRC patients and controls was then developed by performing a multivariate analysis of cellular responses to plasma-derived EVs. Several cell activities and markers involved in tumour microenvironment pathways were influenced by the treatment of cell line EVs in a stage-dependent manner. The multivariate analysis combining plasma EV markers and cellular responses to plasma EVs was able to separate patients according to disease stage. This preliminary study offers the potential of considering cellular responses to EVs in combination with EV biomarkers in the development of screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guarnerio
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Rawan Maani
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Stuart Hunt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Laura M. Cole
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Keith Chapple
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
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Arebro J, Towle R, Lee CM, Bennewith KL, Garnis C. Extracellular vesicles promote activation of pro-inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240159. [PMID: 37745296 PMCID: PMC10513103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of head and neck cancer and has a survival rate of ∼50% over 5 years. New treatment strategies are sorely needed to improve survival rates-and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis is needed to develop these strategies. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has increasingly been identified as crucial in tumor progression and metastasis. One of the main constituents of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors. Multiple mechanisms contribute to CAF activation, such as TGFβ signaling, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CAF activation in OSCC is poorly understood. Assessing the impact of oral cancer-derived EVs on CAF activation will help to better illuminate OSCC pathophysiology and may drive development of novel treatments options. Methods: EVs were isolated from OSCC cell lines (Cal 27, SCC-9, SCC-25) using differential centrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used for EV characterization, and Western blot to confirm the presence of EV protein markers. Oral fibroblasts were co-cultured with enriched EVs, TGFβ, or PBS over 72 h to assess activation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CAF markers. RNA collected from fibroblasts was extracted and the transcriptome was sequenced. Conditioned media from the co-cultures was evaluated with cytokine array profiling. Results: OSCC-derived EVs can activate oral fibroblasts into CAFs that are different from those activated by TGFβ, suggesting different mechanisms of activation and different functional properties. Gene set enrichment analysis showed several upregulated inflammatory pathways in those CAFs exposed to OSCC-derived EVs. Marker genes for inflammatory CAF subtypes were also upregulated, but not in CAFs activated by TGFβ. Finally, cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from EV-activated CAFs, for instance IL-8 and CXCL5. Discussion: Our results reveal the ability of OSCC-derived EVs to activate fibroblasts into CAFs. These CAFs seem to have unique properties, differing from TGFβ-activated CAFs. Gaining an understanding of the interplay between EVs and stromal cells such as CAFs could lead to further insights into OSCC tumorigenesis and potential novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arebro
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Che-Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mullen S, Movia D. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-small-cell lung cancer, the unknowns, and how new approach methodologies can support new knowledge generation in the field. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106516. [PMID: 37406971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released from most human cell types that contain a variety of cargos responsible for mediating cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. Current knowledge demonstrates that EVs also play critical roles in many aspects of the progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Their roles range from increasing proliferative signalling to inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cancer metastasis, and modulating the tumour microenvironment to support cancer development. However, due to the limited availability of patient samples, intrinsic inter-species differences between human and animal EV biology, and the complex nature of EV interactions in vivo, where multiple cell types are present and several events occur simultaneously, the use of conventional preclinical and clinical models has significantly hindered reaching conclusive results. This review discusses the biological roles that EVs are currently known to play in NSCLC and identifies specific challenges in advancing today's knowledge. It also describes the NSCLC models that have been used to define currently-known EV functions, the limitations associated with their use in this field, and how New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as microfluidic platforms, organoids, and spheroids, can be used to overcome these limitations, effectively supporting future exciting discoveries in the NSCLC field and the potential clinical exploitation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sive Mullen
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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10
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Yao W, Wang L, Liu F, Xia L. The role of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer microenvironment. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154707. [PMID: 37506626 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and blood vessels, can affect tumor growth and metastasis. Studies have shown that tumor cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages can promote the development of tumors, while T and B cells can inhibit tumor progression. The crosstalk among different cells within the TME needs further study. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The abnormal expression of certain lncRNAs is correlated with the progression of breast cancer and has been proven as diagnostic markers in various cancers, including breast cancer. In breast cancer, recent studies have shown that tumor cell- and non-tumor cell-derived lncRNAs can affect various facets of tumor progression, including growth, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Interestingly, in addition to being regulated by lncRNAs derived from tumor and non-tumor cells, the TME can regulate the expression of lncRNAs in tumor cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, influencing their phenotype and function. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of these phenomena remain unclear in the breast cancer microenvironment. Currently, many studies have shown that TME-associated lncRNAs are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Considering that TME and lncRNAs can regulate each other, we summarize the role of lncRNAs in the breast cancer microenvironment and the potential of lncRNAs as valuable diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Yao
- Institute of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Institute of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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