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Chakraborty LS, Le Maitre CL, Chahine NO, Fields AJ, Gawri R, Giers MB, Smith LJ, Tang SY, Zehra U, Haglund L, Samartzis D, Martin JT. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the productivity and career prospects of musculoskeletal researchers. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38678396 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Academic researchers faced a multitude of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, including widespread shelter-in-place orders, workplace closures, and cessation of in-person meetings and laboratory activities. The extent to which these challenges impacted musculoskeletal researchers, specifically, is unknown. We developed an anonymous web-based survey to determine the pandemic's impact on research productivity and career prospects among musculoskeletal research trainees and faculty. There were 116 musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers with varying demographic backgrounds who completed the survey. Of respondents, 48.3% (n = 56) believed that musculoskeletal funding opportunities decreased because of COVID-19, with faculty members more likely to hold this belief compared to nonfaculty researchers (p = 0.008). Amongst MSK researchers, 88.8% (n = 103) reported research activity was limited by COVID-19, and 92.2% (n = 107) of researchers reported their research was not able to be refocused on COVID-19-related topics, with basic science researchers less likely to be able to refocus their research compared to clinical researchers (p = 0.030). Additionally, 47.4% (n = 55) reported a decrease in manuscript submissions since the onset of the pandemic. Amongst 51 trainee researchers, 62.8% (n = 32) reported a decrease in job satisfaction directly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. In summary, study findings indicated that MSK researchers struggled to overcome challenges imposed by the pandemic, reporting declines in funding opportunities, research productivity, and manuscript submission. Trainee researchers experienced significant disruptions to critical research activities and worsening job satisfaction. Our findings motivate future efforts to support trainees in developing their careers and target the recovery of MSK research from the pandemic stall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Chakraborty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nadeen O Chahine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morgan B Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Uruj Zehra
- Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John T Martin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Compte R, Freidin MB, Granville Smith I, Le Maitre CL, Vaitkute D, Nessa A, Lachance G, Williams FMK. No evidence of association between either Modic change or disc degeneration and five circulating inflammatory proteins. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1323. [PMID: 38529326 PMCID: PMC10961713 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intervertebral disc degeneration and Modic change are the main spinal structural changes associated with chronic low back pain (LBP). Both conditions are thought to manifest local inflammation and if inflammatory proteins translocate to the blood circulation could be detected systemically. The work here assesses whether the presence of disc degeneration is associated with detectable blood level changes of five inflammatory markers and whether chronic LBP is associated with these changes. Materials and Methods Two hundred and forty TwinsUK cohort participants with both MRI disc degeneration grade and Modic change extent, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-8 TNF, and CX3CL1 protein blood concentration measurements were included in this work. Linear mixed effects models were used to test the association of blood cytokine concentration with disc degeneration score and Modic change volumetric score. Association of chronic LBP status from questionnaires with disc degeneration, Modic change, and cytokine blood concentration was also tested. Results No statistically significant association between disc degeneration or Modic change with cytokine blood concentration was found. Instead, regression analysis pointed strong association between cytokine blood concentration with body mass index for IL-6 and with age for IL-6 and TNF. Mild association was found between IL-8 blood concentration and body mass index. Additionally, LBP status was associated with Modic change volumetric score but not associated with any cytokine concentration. Conclusions We found no evidence that Modic change and disc degeneration are able to produce changes in tested blood cytokine concentration. However, age and body mass index have strong influence on cytokine concentration and both are associated with the conditions studied which may confound associations found in the literature. It is then unlikely that cytokines produced in the disc or vertebral bone marrow induce chronic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Compte
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Dovile Vaitkute
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ayrun Nessa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Cherif H, Li L, Snuggs J, Li X, Sammon C, Li J, Beckman L, Haglund L, Le Maitre CL. Injectable hydrogel induces regeneration of naturally degenerate human intervertebral discs in a loaded organ culture model. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:201-220. [PMID: 38160855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Low back pain resulting from disc degeneration is a leading cause of disability worldwide. However, to date few therapies target the cause and fail to repair the intervertebral disc (IVD). This study investigates the ability of an injectable hydrogel (NPgel), to inhibit catabolic protein expression and promote matrix expression in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells within a tissue explant culture model isolated from degenerate discs. Furthermore, the injection capacity of NPgel into naturally degenerate whole human discs, effects on mechanical function, and resistance to extrusion during loading were investigated. Finally, the induction of potential regenerative effects in a physiologically loaded human organ culture system was investigated following injection of NPgel with or without bone marrow progenitor cells. Injection of NPgel into naturally degenerate human IVDs increased disc height and Young's modulus, and was retained during extrusion testing. Injection into cadaveric discs followed by culture under physiological loading increased MRI signal intensity, restored natural biomechanical properties and showed evidence of increased anabolism and decreased catabolism with tissue integration observed. These results provide essential proof of concept data supporting the use of NPgel as an injectable therapy for disc regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Low back pain resulting from disc degeneration is a leading cause of disability worldwide. However, to date few therapies target the cause and fail to repair the intervertebral disc. This study investigated the potential regenerative properties of an injectable hydrogel system (NPgel) within human tissue samples. To mimic the human in vivo conditions and the unique IVD niche, a dynamically loaded intact human disc culture system was utilised. NPgel improved the biomechanical properties, increased MRI intensity and decreased degree of degeneration. Furthermore, NPgel induced matrix production and decreased catabolic factors by the native cells of the disc. This manuscript provides evidence for the potential use of NPgel as a regenerative biomaterial for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni Cherif
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Joseph Snuggs
- Oncology and Metabolism Department, Medical School, & INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lorne Beckman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Oncology and Metabolism Department, Medical School, & INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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Guarnerio S, Tempest R, Maani R, Hunt S, Cole LM, Le Maitre CL, Chapple K, Peake N. Cellular Responses to Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Markers of Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16755. [PMID: 38069076 PMCID: PMC10706375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel screening tests aims to support early asymptomatic diagnosis and subtyping patients according to similar traits in the heterogeneous cancer cohort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for the detection of disease markers from bodily fluids, but limitations in the standardisation of isolation methods and the intrinsic EV heterogeneity obtained from liquid biopsies are currently obstacles to clinical adoption. Here, cellular responses to cancer EVs were initially explored as potential complementary biomarkers for stage separation using colorectal cancer (CRC) SW480 and SW620 cell line models. A pilot study on a small cohort of CRC patients and controls was then developed by performing a multivariate analysis of cellular responses to plasma-derived EVs. Several cell activities and markers involved in tumour microenvironment pathways were influenced by the treatment of cell line EVs in a stage-dependent manner. The multivariate analysis combining plasma EV markers and cellular responses to plasma EVs was able to separate patients according to disease stage. This preliminary study offers the potential of considering cellular responses to EVs in combination with EV biomarkers in the development of screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guarnerio
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Rawan Maani
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Stuart Hunt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Laura M. Cole
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Keith Chapple
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
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Williams RJ, Laagland LT, Bach FC, Ward L, Chan W, Tam V, Medzikovic A, Basatvat S, Paillat L, Vedrenne N, Snuggs JW, Poramba-Liyanage DW, Hoyland JA, Chan D, Camus A, Richardson SM, Tryfonidou MA, Le Maitre CL. Recommendations for intervertebral disc notochordal cell investigation: From isolation to characterization. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1272. [PMID: 37780826 PMCID: PMC10540834 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lineage-tracing experiments have established that the central region of the mature intervertebral disc, the nucleus pulposus (NP), develops from the embryonic structure called "the notochord". However, changes in the cells derived from the notochord which form the NP (i.e., notochordal cells [NCs]), in terms of their phenotype and functional identity from early developmental stages to skeletal maturation are less understood. These key issues require further investigation to better comprehend the role of NCs in homeostasis and degeneration as well as their potential for regeneration. Progress in utilizing NCs is currently hampered due to poor consistency and lack of consensus methodology for in vitro NC extraction, manipulation, and characterization. Methods Here, an international group has come together to provide key recommendations and methodologies for NC isolation within key species, numeration, in vitro manipulation and culture, and characterization. Results Recommeded protocols are provided for isolation and culture of NCs. Experimental testing provided recommended methodology for numeration of NCs. The issues of cryopreservation are demonstrated, and a pannel of immunohistochemical markers are provided to inform NC characterization. Conclusions Together we hope this article provides a road map for in vitro studies of NCs to support advances in research into NC physiology and their potential in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lisanne T Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frances C Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lizzy Ward
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Wilson Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Adel Medzikovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Shaghayegh Basatvat
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lily Paillat
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Deepani W Poramba-Liyanage
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Anne Camus
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
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Snuggs JW, Emanuel KS, Rustenburg C, Janani R, Partridge S, Sammon C, Smit TH, Le Maitre CL. Injectable biomaterial induces regeneration of the intervertebral disc in a caprine loaded disc culture model. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:4630-4643. [PMID: 37204288 PMCID: PMC10294806 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Back pain is the leading cause of disability with half of cases attributed to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, yet currently no therapies target this cause. We previously reported an ex vivo caprine loaded disc culture system (LDCS) that accurately represents the cellular phenotype and biomechanical environment of human IVD degeneration. Here, the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel system (LAPONITE® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc, (NPgel)) to halt or reverse the catabolic processes of IVD degeneration was investigated within the LDCS. Following enzymatic induction of degeneration using 1 mg mL-1 collagenase and 2 U mL-1 chondroitinase ABC within the LDCS for 7 days, IVDs were injected with NPgel alone or with encapsulated human bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs). Un-injected caprine discs served as degenerate controls. IVDs were cultured for a further 21 days within the LDCS. Tissues were then processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. No extrusion of NPgel was observed during culture. A significant decrease in histological grade of degeneration was seen in both IVDs injected with NPgel alone and NPgel seeded with BMPCs, compared to un-injected controls. Fissures within degenerate tissue were filled by NPgel and there was evidence of native cell migration into injected NPgel. The expression of healthy NP matrix markers (collagen type II and aggrecan) was increased, whereas the expression of catabolic proteins (MMP3, ADAMTS4, IL-1β and IL-8) was decreased in NPgel (±BMPCs) injected discs, compared to degenerate controls. This demonstrates that NPgel promotes new matrix production at the same time as halting the degenerative cascade within a physiologically relevant testing platform. This highlights the potential of NPgel as a future therapy for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Snuggs
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kaj S Emanuel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Rustenburg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronak Janani
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Partridge
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Theo H Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Martin JT, Asimakopoulos D, Hornung AL, Toro SJ, Le Maitre CL, Chahine NO, Fields AJ, Gawri R, Giers MB, Smith LJ, Tang SY, Zehra U, Haglund L, Samartzis D. Bullying, harassment, and discrimination of musculoskeletal researchers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:1861-1875. [PMID: 37014436 PMCID: PMC10071222 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bullying, harassment, and discrimination (BHD) are prevalent in academic, scientific, and clinical departments, particularly orthopedic surgery, and can have lasting effects on victims. As it is unclear how BHD affects musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers, the following study assessed BHD in the MSK research community and whether the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused hardships in other industries, had an impact. METHODS A web-based anonymous survey was developed in English by ORS Spine Section members to assess the impact of COVID-19 on MSK researchers in North America, Europe, and Asia, which included questions to evaluate the personal experience of researchers regarding BHD. RESULTS 116 MSK researchers completed the survey. Of respondents, 34.5% (n = 40) focused on spine, 30.2% (n = 35) had multiple areas of interest, and 35.3% (n = 41) represented other areas of MSK research. BHD was observed by 26.7% (n = 31) of respondents and personally experienced by 11.2% (n = 13), with mid-career faculty both observing and experiencing the most BHD. Most who experienced BHD (53.8%, n = 7) experienced multiple forms. 32.8% (n = 38) of respondents were not able to speak out about BHD without fear of repercussions, with 13.8% (n = 16) being unsure about this. Of those who observed BHD, 54.8% (n = 17) noted that the COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on their observations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to address the prevalence and determinants of BHD among MSK researchers. MSK researchers experienced and observed BHD, while many were not comfortable reporting and discussing violations to their institution. The COVID-19 pandemic had mixed-effects on BHD. Awareness and proactive policy changes may be warranted to reduce/eliminate the occurrence of BHD in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Martin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Building, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Alexander L Hornung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Building, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sheila J Toro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Building, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Nadeen O Chahine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Department of Surgery, The Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10.148.2, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Morgan B Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Uruj Zehra
- Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, The Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10.148.2, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Building, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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Faber BG, Frysz M, Hartley AE, Ebsim R, Boer CG, Saunders FR, Gregory JS, Aspden RM, Harvey NC, Southam L, Giles W, Le Maitre CL, Wilkinson JM, van Meurs JBJ, Zeggini E, Cootes T, Lindner C, Kemp JP, Davey Smith G, Tobias JH. A Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Alpha Angle Suggests Cam-Type Morphology May Be a Specific Feature of Hip Osteoarthritis in Older Adults. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:900-909. [PMID: 36662418 PMCID: PMC10374163 DOI: 10.1002/art.42451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure and conduct an AA genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Observational analyses examined associations between AA measurements derived from hip dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from the UK Biobank study and radiographic hip OA outcomes and subsequent total hip replacement. Following these analyses, an AA GWAS meta-analysis was performed (N = 44,214) using AA measurements previously derived in the Rotterdam Study. Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and hip OA. Genetic associations considered significant (P < 5 × 10-8 ) were used as AA genetic instrument for 2-sample MR analysis. RESULTS DXA-derived AA showed expected associations between AA and radiographic hip OA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.58, 1.67]) and between AA and total hip replacement (adjusted hazard ratio 1.45 [95% CI 1.33, 1.59]) in the UK Biobank study cohort. The heritability of AA was 10%, and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with hip OA (rg = 0.26 [95% CI 0.10, 0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two-sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on hip OA risk (inverse variance weighted OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.14, 2.96], P = 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for hip OA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (inverse variance weighted β = 0.09 [95% CI 0.04, 0.13], P = 4.58 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSION Expected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face validity for the DXA-derived AA measurements. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and hip OA, particularly for risk of hip OA on AA, suggests that hip shape modeling secondary to a genetic predisposition to hip OA contributes to the well-established relationship between hip OA and cam morphology in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Faber
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
| | - Monika Frysz
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
| | - April E. Hartley
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
| | - Raja Ebsim
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data ScienceThe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Cindy G. Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fiona R. Saunders
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal HealthUniversity of AberdeenUK
| | | | - Richard M. Aspden
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal HealthUniversity of AberdeenUK
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - William Giles
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismThe University of SheffieldUK
| | | | | | - Joyce B. J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, and TUM School of MedicineTechnical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der IsarGermany
| | - Timothy Cootes
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data ScienceThe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Claudia Lindner
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data ScienceThe University of ManchesterUK
| | - John P. Kemp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK, and The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
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9
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Basatvat S, Bach FC, Barcellona MN, Binch AL, Buckley CT, Bueno B, Chahine NO, Chee A, Creemers LB, Dudli S, Fearing B, Ferguson SJ, Gansau J, Gantenbein B, Gawri R, Glaeser JD, Grad S, Guerrero J, Haglund L, Hernandez PA, Hoyland JA, Huang C, Iatridis JC, Illien‐Junger S, Jing L, Kraus P, Laagland LT, Lang G, Leung V, Li Z, Lufkin T, van Maanen JC, McDonnell EE, Panebianco CJ, Presciutti SM, Rao S, Richardson SM, Romereim S, Schmitz TC, Schol J, Setton L, Sheyn D, Snuggs JW, Sun Y, Tan X, Tryfonidou MA, Vo N, Wang D, Williams B, Williams R, Yoon ST, Le Maitre CL. Harmonization and standardization of nucleus pulposus cell extraction and culture methods. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1238. [PMID: 36994456 PMCID: PMC10041384 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources. Methods The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated. Results Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture. Conclusions This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marcos N. Barcellona
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Abbie L. Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Brian Bueno
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center for Experimental RheumatologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bailey Fearing
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Gansau
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Insel University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Regenerative Orthopaedics and Innovation LaboratoryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Julien Guerrero
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & BioengineeringUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Liufang Jing
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisanne T. Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Victor Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Josette C. van Maanen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Emily E. McDonnell
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Chris J. Panebianco
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Sanjna Rao
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Romereim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tara C. Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Lori Setton
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Y. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - S. Tim Yoon
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
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10
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Tang SN, Bonilla AF, Chahine NO, Colbath AC, Easley JT, Grad S, Haglund L, Le Maitre CL, Leung V, McCoy AM, Purmessur D, Tang SY, Zeiter S, Smith LJ. Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1235. [PMID: 36601369 PMCID: PMC9799089 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Appropriate preclinical models for intervertebral disc research are essential to achieving a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and for the development, evaluation, and translation of more effective treatments. To this end, in vivo animal and ex vivo organ culture models are both widely used by spine researchers; however, the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are a source of ongoing controversy. In this article, members from the Spine and Preclinical Models Sections of the Orthopedic Research Society, including experts in both basic and translational spine research, present contrasting arguments in support of in vivo animal models versus ex vivo organ culture models for studies of the disc, supported by a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the respective advantages and limitations of these approaches, and advance the field toward a consensus with respect to appropriate model selection and implementation. We conclude that complementary use of several model types and leveraging the unique advantages of each is likely to result in the highest impact research in most instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley N. Tang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Andres F. Bonilla
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Aimee C. Colbath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeremiah T. Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Victor Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Annette M. McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Lachlan J. Smith
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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11
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Paskins Z, Farmer CE, Manning F, Andersson DA, Barlow T, Bishop FL, Brown CA, Clark A, Clark EM, Dulake D, Gulati M, Le Maitre CL, Jones RK, Loughlin J, Mason DJ, McCarron M, Millar NL, Pandit H, Peat G, Richardson SM, Salt EJ, Taylor EJ, Troeberg L, Wilcox RK, Wise E, Wilkinson C, Watt FE. Research priorities to reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders: a priority setting exercise with the child health and nutrition research initiative method. Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4:e635-e645. [PMID: 36275038 PMCID: PMC9584828 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Involving research users in setting priorities for research is essential to ensure the outcomes are patient-centred and maximise its value and impact. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Advisory Group Versus Arthritis led a research priority setting exercise across musculoskeletal disorders. The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method of setting research priorities with a range of stakeholders was used, involving four stages and two surveys, to: (1) gather research uncertainties, (2) consolidate these, (3) score uncertainties against importance and impact, and (4) analyse scoring for prioritisation. 213 people responded to the first survey and 285 people to the second, representing clinicians, researchers, and people with musculoskeletal disorders. Key priorities included developing and testing new treatments, better treatment targeting, early diagnosis, prevention, and better understanding and management of pain, with an emphasis on understanding underpinning mechanisms. We present a call to action to researchers and funders to target these priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Paskins
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | | | - Fay Manning
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David A Andersson
- Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Barlow
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK
| | | | | | | | - Emma M Clark
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Malvika Gulati
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard K Jones
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Maura McCarron
- Department of Rheumatology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Neil L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - George Peat
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma J Salt
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Keele University, Keele, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | | | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ruth K Wilcox
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elspeth Wise
- Talbot Medical Centre, South Shields & Primary Care Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine Society, South Shields, UK
| | | | - Fiona E Watt
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Fiona E Watt, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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12
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Laagland LT, Bach FC, Creemers LB, Le Maitre CL, Poramba‐Liyanage DW, Tryfonidou MA. Hyperosmolar expansion medium improves nucleus pulposus cell phenotype. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1219. [PMID: 36203869 PMCID: PMC9520765 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repopulating the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) with tissue‐specific nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) has already been shown to promote regeneration in various species. Yet the applicability of NPCs as cell‐based therapy has been hampered by the low cell numbers that can be extracted from donor IVDs and their potentially limited regenerative capacity due to their degenerated phenotype. To optimize the expansion conditions, we investigated the effects of increasing culture medium osmolarity during expansion on the phenotype of dog NPCs and their ability to produce a healthy extracellular matrix (ECM) in a 3D culture model. Methods Dog NPCs were expanded in expansion medium with a standard osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L or adjusted to 400 or 500 mOsm/L in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Following expansion, NPCs were cultured in a 3D culture model in chondrogenic culture medium with a standard osmolarity. Read‐out parameters included cell proliferaton rate, morphology, phenotype and healthy ECM production. Results Increasing the expansion medium osmolarity from 300 to 500 mOsm/L resulted in NPCs with a more rounded morphology and a lower cell proliferation rate accompanied by the expression of several healthy NPC and progenitor markers at gene (KRT18, ACAN, COL2, CD73, CD90) and protein (ACAN, PAX1, CD24, TEK, CD73) level. The NPCs expanded at 500 mOsm/L were able to retain most of their phenotypic markers and produce healthy ECM during 3D culture independent of the oxygen level used during expansion. Conclusions Altogether, our findings show that increasing medium osmolarity during expansion results in an NPC population with improved phenotype, which could enhance the potential of cell‐based therapies for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne T. Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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13
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Bermudez-Lekerika P, Crump KB, Tseranidou S, Nüesch A, Kanelis E, Alminnawi A, Baumgartner L, Muñoz-Moya E, Compte R, Gualdi F, Alexopoulos LG, Geris L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Noailly J, Gantenbein B. Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Intervertebral Disc Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:924692. [PMID: 35846355 PMCID: PMC9277224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and biochemical changes in intervertebral discs (IVD) that prompt a pathologic shift from an anabolic to catabolic state, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) production, enzyme generation, cytokine and chemokine production, neurotrophic and angiogenic factor production. The IVD is an immune-privileged organ. However, during degeneration immune cells and inflammatory factors can infiltrate through defects in the cartilage endplate and annulus fibrosus fissures, further accelerating the catabolic environment. Remarkably, though, catabolic ECM disruption also occurs in the absence of immune cell infiltration, largely due to native disc cell production of catabolic enzymes and cytokines. An unbalanced metabolism could be induced by many different factors, including a harsh microenvironment, biomechanical cues, genetics, and infection. The complex, multifactorial nature of IDD brings the challenge of identifying key factors which initiate the degenerative cascade, eventually leading to back pain. These factors are often investigated through methods including animal models, 3D cell culture, bioreactors, and computational models. However, the crosstalk between the IVD, immune system, and shifted metabolism is frequently misconstrued, often with the assumption that the presence of cytokines and chemokines is synonymous to inflammation or an immune response, which is not true for the intact disc. Therefore, this review will tackle immunomodulatory and IVD cell roles in IDD, clarifying the differences between cellular involvements and implications for therapeutic development and assessing models used to explore inflammatory or catabolic IVD environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bermudez-Lekerika
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katherine B Crump
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Nüesch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Exarchos Kanelis
- ProtATonce Ltd., Athens, Greece.,School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Ahmad Alminnawi
- GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Roger Compte
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Gualdi
- Institut Hospital Del Mar D'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd., Athens, Greece.,School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Liesbet Geris
- GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.,Spine Center, Schön Klinik München Harlaching Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Poillot P, Snuggs JW, Le Maitre CL, Huyghe JM. L-type Voltage-Gated calcium channels partly mediate Mechanotransduction in the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1213. [PMID: 36601377 PMCID: PMC9799080 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration continues to be a major global health challenge, with strong links to lower back pain, while the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. In cartilage, much more is known about mechanotransduction pathways involving the strain-generated potential (SGP) and function of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) in health and disease. This evidence implicates a similar important role for VGICs in IVD matrix turnover. However, the field of VGICs, and to a lesser extent the SGP, remains unexplored in the IVD. Methods A two-step process was utilized to investigate the role of VGICs in the IVD. First, immunohistochemical staining was used to identify and localize several different VGICs in bovine and human IVDs. Second, a pilot study was conducted on the function of L-type voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) by inhibiting these channels with nifedipine (Nf) and measuring calcium influx in monolayer or gene expression from 3D cell-embedded alginate constructs subject to dynamic compression. Results Several VGICs were identified at the protein level, one of which, Cav2.2, appears to be upregulated with the onset of human IVD degeneration. Inhibiting L-type VGCCs with Nf supplementation led to an altered cell calcium influx in response to osmotic loading as well as downregulation of col 1a, aggrecan and ADAMTS-4 during dynamic compression. Conclusions This study demonstrates the presence of several VGICs in the IVD, with evidence supporting a role for L-type VGCCs in mechanotransduction. These findings highlight the importance of future detailed studies in this area to fully elucidate IVD mechanotransduction pathways and better inform treatment strategies for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | | | - Jacques M. Huyghe
- Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland,Department of Mechanical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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15
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Paskins Z, Farmer CE, Jones RK, Clark A, Troeberg L, Pandit H, Richardson SM, Loughlin J, Brown CA, Taylor EJ, Le Maitre CL, Wilcox RK, Bishop FL, Salt E, Clark EM, Andersson DA, McCarron M, Mason DJ, Wilkinson CM, Barlow T, Peat GM, Watt FE. P100 Research priorities to reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac133.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aims
Involving research users in setting priorities for research is essential to ensure research outcomes are patient-centred and to maximise research value and impact. In 2019, Versus Arthritis convened a Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSKD) Research Advisory Group (RAG) which included 25 members: people with musculoskeletal conditions, researchers and healthcare professionals. The RAG identified a need for a research prioritisation exercise for adult non-inflammatory MSKD.
Methods
The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was selected. The MSKD RAG identified, through consensus, four research Domains: Mechanisms of Disease; Diagnosis and Impact; Living Well with MSK disorders and Successful Translation. Following ethical approval, an initial electronic survey was distributed to stakeholders (people with musculoskeletal conditions, researchers, healthcare professionals, industry, research funders, healthcare providers, government and charities) asking for important research uncertainties in the four domains. Uncertainties were organised into themes and refined into research questions using a series of MSKD RAG workshops. Research questions underwent lay review to optimise readability. A second e-survey was distributed to stakeholders as above, where participants were asked to score each research question for two criteria, importance and impact, on a 1-10 numeric rating scale. Median criterion scores for impact and importance were calculated for each question and summed to create a total score. Research questions were ranked according to total score.
Results
The first survey had 209 respondents, who described 1290 research uncertainties, which were refined into 68 research questions. 285 people responded to the second survey, of which 189 fully completed. 74(39.2%) were public/lay responders, 48(25.4%) researchers, 43(22.8%) clinicians, 24(12.6%) other/unrecorded. The research questions, total scores and rankings are summarised in Table 1. Total scores ranged from 12 to 18 (maximum possible score 20).
Conclusion
For the first time, we have summarised priorities for research across MSKD, from discovery science to applied clinical and health research, including translation. Key priorities include developing and testing new treatments, better targeting of treatments, early diagnosis, prevention and better understanding and management of pain, with an emphasis on understanding the underpinning mechanisms. We present a call to action to researchers and funders to target these priorities.
Disclosure
Z. Paskins: Grants/research support; NIHR, Versus Arthritis, Royal Osteoporosis Society. C.E. Farmer: None. R.K. Jones: None. A. Clark: None. L. Troeberg: Grants/research support; Versus Arthritis. H. Pandit: Consultancies; Depuy J&J, Zimmer Biomet, Smith and Nephew, Medacta International, Meril Life, JRI Orthopaedics, Invibio and Kennedy’s Law. Grants/research support; NIHR, VA (Versus Arthritis) and UKIERI (UK India Education and Research Initiative). S.M. Richardson: None. J. Loughlin: None. C.A. Brown: Grants/research support; Versus Arthrtitis. E.J. Taylor: None. C.L. Le Maitre: None. R.K. Wilcox: Grants/research support; EPSRC, Versus Arthritis, NIHR, DePuy Synthes. F.L. Bishop: None. E. Salt: None. E.M. Clark: Grants/research support; Versus Arthritis, NIHR. Other; I am Associate Editor of Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Plus for which I receive a salary, I am part of the Lot 2 provider for analysis of the national Joint Registry of England and Wales, funded by HQIP. D.A. Andersson: None. M. McCarron: None. D.J. Mason: None. C.M. Wilkinson: None. T. Barlow: None. G.M. Peat: None. F.E. Watt: Consultancies; Pfizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Paskins
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Richard K Jones
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amanda Clark
- Versus Arthritis, Versus Arthritis, Chesterfield, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Christopher A Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ruth K Wilcox
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Felicity L Bishop
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Emma Salt
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Emma M Clark
- Translational health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Maura McCarron
- Rheumatology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Deborah J Mason
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Colin M Wilkinson
- Versus Arthritis, Versus Arthritis, Stockton-on-Tees, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Timothy Barlow
- Orthopaedics, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - George M Peat
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UNITED KINGDOM
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16
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Bach FC, Poramba-Liyanage DW, Riemers FM, Guicheux J, Camus A, Iatridis JC, Chan D, Ito K, Le Maitre CL, Tryfonidou MA. Notochordal Cell-Based Treatment Strategies and Their Potential in Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:780749. [PMID: 35359916 PMCID: PMC8963872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain is the number one cause of years lived with disability. In about 40% of patients, chronic lower back pain is related to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The standard-of-care focuses on symptomatic relief, while surgery is the last resort. Emerging therapeutic strategies target the underlying cause of IVD degeneration and increasingly focus on the relatively overlooked notochordal cells (NCs). NCs are derived from the notochord and once the notochord regresses they remain in the core of the developing IVD, the nucleus pulposus. The large vacuolated NCs rapidly decline after birth and are replaced by the smaller nucleus pulposus cells with maturation, ageing, and degeneration. Here, we provide an update on the journey of NCs and discuss the cell markers and tools that can be used to study their fate and regenerative capacity. We review the therapeutic potential of NCs for the treatment of IVD-related lower back pain and outline important future directions in this area. Promising studies indicate that NCs and their secretome exerts regenerative effects, via increased proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and anti-inflammatory effects. Reports on NC-like cells derived from embryonic- or induced pluripotent-stem cells claim to have successfully generated NC-like cells but did not compare them with native NCs for phenotypic markers or in terms of their regenerative capacity. Altogether, this is an emerging and active field of research with exciting possibilities. NC-based studies demonstrate that cues from developmental biology can pave the path for future clinical therapies focused on regenerating the diseased IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- UMR 1229-RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- PHU4 OTONN, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Camus
- UMR 1229-RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marianna A. Tryfonidou,
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17
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Boyes VL, Janani R, Partridge S, Fielding LA, Breen C, Foulkes J, Le Maitre CL, Sammon C. One-pot precipitation polymerisation strategy for tuneable injectable Laponite®-pNIPAM hydrogels: Polymerisation, processability and beyond. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Le Maitre CL, Dahia CL, Giers M, Illien‐Junger S, Cicione C, Samartzis D, Vadala G, Fields A, Lotz J. Development of a standardized histopathology scoring system for human intervertebral disc degeneration: an Orthopaedic Research Society Spine Section Initiative. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1167. [PMID: 34337340 PMCID: PMC8313169 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathological analysis of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues is a critical domain of back pain research. Identification, description, and classification of attributes that distinguish abnormal tissues form a basis for probing disease mechanisms and conceiving novel therapies. Unfortunately, lack of standardized methods and nomenclature can limit comparisons of results across studies and prevent organizing information into a clear representation of the hierarchical, spatial, and temporal patterns of IVD degeneration. Thus, the following Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Spine Section Initiative aimed to develop a standardized histopathology scoring scheme for human IVD degeneration. METHODS Guided by a working group of experts, this prospective process entailed a series of stages that consisted of reviewing and assessing past grading schemes, surveying IVD researchers globally on current practice and recommendations for a new grading system, utilizing expert opinion a taxonomy of histological grading was developed, and validation performed. RESULTS A standardized taxonomy was developed, which showed excellent intra-rater reliability for scoring nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and cartilaginous end plate (CEP) regions (interclass correlation [ICC] > .89). The ability to reliably detect subtle changes varied by IVD region, being poorest in the NP (ICC: .89-.95) where changes at the cellular level were important, vs the AF (ICC: .93-.98), CEP (ICC: .97-.98), and boney end plate (ICC: .96-.99) where matrix and structural changes varied more dramatically with degeneration. CONCLUSIONS The proposed grading system incorporates more comprehensive descriptions of degenerative features for all the IVD sub-tissues than prior criteria. While there was excellent reliability, our results reinforce the need for improved training, particularly for novice raters. Future evaluation of the proposed system in real-world settings (eg, at the microscope) will be needed to further refine criteria and more fully evaluate utility. This improved taxonomy could aid in the understanding of IVD degeneration phenotypes and their association with back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra L. Dahia
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research ProgramHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Morgan Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Claudia Cicione
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma SurgeryCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- International Spine Research and Innovation InitiativeRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma SurgeryCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Aaron Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Dahia CL, Engiles JB, Gullbrand SE, Iatridis JC, Lai A, Le Maitre CL, Lotz JC, Masuda K, Séguin CA, Tryfonidou MA. A perspective on the ORS Spine Section initiative to develop a multi-species JOR Spine histopathology series. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1165. [PMID: 34337339 PMCID: PMC8313167 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes the genesis, development, and potential future directions of the multispecies JOR Spine histopathology series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra L. Dahia
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research ProgramHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNYUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julie B. Engiles
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Gullbrand
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alon Lai
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologySchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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20
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Alaswad HA, Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Jordan-Mahy N. Molecular Action of Polyphenols in Leukaemia and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063085. [PMID: 33802972 PMCID: PMC8002821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is a malignant disease of the blood. Current treatments for leukaemia are associated with serious side-effects. Plant-derived polyphenols have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents and have been shown to work synergistically with standard chemotherapy agents in leukaemia cell lines. Polyphenols have multiple mechanisms of action and have been reported to decrease cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase (3, 8 and 9); the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. Polyphenols have been shown to suppress activation of transcription factors, including NF-kB and STAT3. Furthermore, polyphenols have pro-oxidant properties, with increasing evidence that polyphenols inhibit the antioxidant activity of glutathione, causing oxidative DNA damage. Polyphenols also induce autophagy-driven cancer cell death and regulate multidrug resistance proteins, and thus may be able to reverse resistance to chemotherapy agents. This review examines the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and discusses their potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the pharmacological properties of polyphenols, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumour activities, and suggest that polyphenols are potent natural agents that can be useful therapeutically; and discuss why data on bioavailability, toxicity and metabolism are essential to evaluate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza A. Alaswad
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0114-225-3120
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21
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Poillot P, Le Maitre CL, Huyghe JM. The strain-generated electrical potential in cartilaginous tissues: a role for piezoelectricity. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:91-100. [PMID: 33747246 PMCID: PMC7930161 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The strain-generated potential (SGP) is a well-established mechanism in cartilaginous tissues whereby mechanical forces generate electrical potentials. In articular cartilage (AC) and the intervertebral disc (IVD), studies on the SGP have focused on fluid- and ionic-driven effects, namely Donnan, diffusion and streaming potentials. However, recent evidence has indicated a direct coupling between strain and electrical potential. Piezoelectricity is one such mechanism whereby deformation of most biological structures, like collagen, can directly generate an electrical potential. In this review, the SGP in AC and the IVD will be revisited in light of piezoelectricity and mechanotransduction. While the evidence base for physiologically significant piezoelectric responses in tissue is lacking, difficulties in quantifying the physiological response and imperfect measurement techniques may have underestimated the property. Hindering our understanding of the SGP further, numerical models to-date have negated ferroelectric effects in the SGP and have utilised classic Donnan theory that, as evidence argues, may be oversimplified. Moreover, changes in the SGP with degeneration due to an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) indicate that the significance of ionic-driven mechanisms may diminish relative to the piezoelectric response. The SGP, and these mechanisms behind it, are finally discussed in relation to the cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Poillot
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Jacques M. Huyghe
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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22
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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23
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Dahia CL, Le Maitre CL. Improving reproducibility in spine research. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1127. [PMID: 33015583 PMCID: PMC7524211 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra L. Dahia
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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24
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Binch A, Snuggs J, Le Maitre CL. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression in formalin fixed paraffin embedded human intervertebral disc tissues. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1098. [PMID: 33015573 PMCID: PMC7524243 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a useful technique for the localization and semiquantification of protein expression within tissues. Adult human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues contain a large amount of auto-fluorescence which often makes immunofluorescence techniques inappropriate on tissue samples but can be applied to isolated cell samples. Thus, IHC remains one of, if not the most common application for protein detection within IVD tissue. Immunostaining localizes antigen expression through specific epitope-antibody interactions. Within the field of IVD research, IHC is commonly used on fresh frozen and paraffin embedded tissues to elucidate the expression of antigens. Here, we discuss the principles of IHC applied to formalin fixed paraffin embedded IVD tissue and supply optimized protocols for antibodies used within our group to guide research within the IVD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Joseph Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
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25
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Dosh RH, Jordan-Mahy N, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Use of l-pNIPAM hydrogel as a 3D-scaffold for intestinal crypts and stem cell tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:4310-4324. [PMID: 31410428 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells hold great potential in tissue regeneration of the intestine, however, there are key limitations in their culture in vitro. We previously reported a novel synthetic non-biodegradable hydrogel as a 3D culture model for intestinal epithelium using Caco2 and HT29-MTX cells. Here, we investigated the potential of this system as a 3D scaffold for crypts and single intestinal stem cells to support long-term culture and differentiation. Intestinal crypts were extracted from murine small intestines and Lgr5+ stem cells isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting. Crypts and stem cells were suspended within Matrigel or l-pNIPAM for 14 days or suspended within Matrigel for 7 days then released, dissociated, and suspended within, or on l-pNIPAM hydrogel for 28 days. Cellular behaviour and phenotype were determined by histology and immunohistochemistry for stem cell and differentiation markers: Lgr5, E-cadherin MUC2 chromograninA and lysozymes. Isolated crypts and Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells formed enteroids with a central lumen surrounded by multiple crypt-like buds when cultured in Matrigel. In contrast, when crypts and stem cells were directly suspended within, or layered on l-pNIPAM hydrogel under dynamic culture conditions they formed spherical balls of cells, with no central lumen. When enteroids were initially formed in Matrigel from crypts or single Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and dissociated into small fragments or single cells and transferred to l-pNIPAM hydrogel they formed new larger enteroids with numerous crypt-like buds. These crypt-like buds showed the presence of mucin-producing cells, which resembled goblet cells, scattered throughout their structures. Immunohistochemistry staining also showed the expression of Lgr5 and differentiation markers of all the main intestinal cell types including: enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine and Paneth cells. This demonstrated that l-pNIPAM hydrogel supported long-term culture of crypts and Lgr5+ stem cells and promoted intestinal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Dosh
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK.
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Silagi ES, Novais EJ, Bisetto S, Telonis AG, Snuggs J, Le Maitre CL, Qiu Y, Kurland IJ, Shapiro IM, Philp NJ, Risbud MV. Lactate Efflux From Intervertebral Disc Cells Is Required for Maintenance of Spine Health. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:550-570. [PMID: 31692093 PMCID: PMC7064427 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of glycolytic metabolism is postulated to be required for health of the spinal column. In the hypoxic tissues of the intervertebral disc and glycolytic cells of vertebral bone, glucose is metabolized into pyruvate for ATP generation and reduced to lactate to sustain redox balance. The rise in intracellular H+ /lactate concentrations are balanced by plasma-membrane monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Using MCT4 null mice and human tissue samples, complemented with genetic and metabolic approaches, we determine that H+ /lactate efflux is critical for maintenance of disc and vertebral bone health. Mechanistically, MCT4 maintains glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and intracellular pH homeostasis in the nucleus pulposus compartment of the disc, where hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) directly activates an intronic enhancer in SLC16A3. Ultimately, our results provide support for research into lactate as a diagnostic biomarker for chronic, painful, disc degeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Silagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aristeidis G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mahbub AA, Maitre CLL, Haywood-Small S, Cross NA, Jordan-Mahy N. Polyphenols enhance the activity of alkylating agents in leukaemia cell lines. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4570-4586. [PMID: 31360305 PMCID: PMC6642044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have been shown to sensitize solid tumours to alkylating agents such as cisplatin, and induce apoptosis and/or cell-cycle arrest. Here, we assess the effects of five polyphenols alone and in combination with three alkylating agents: cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cells lines, and non-tumour control cells. In lymphoid leukaemia cell lines there was a synergistic reduction in ATP and glutathione levels, an induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis when quercetin, apigenin, emodin and rhein were combined with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide; and when apigenin and rhein were combined with chlorambucil. In myeloid leukaemia cells quercetin, apigenin and emodin showed a similar synergistic effect with all alkylating agents; however antagonistic effects were observed with some or all alkylating agents when combined with emodin, rhein and cis-stilbene. All synergistic effects were associated with reduced glutathione levels, DNA damage and apoptosis; whilst during antagonism the reverse effects were observed. The combination of alkylating agents, particularly cisplatin with polyphenols could be promising for the treatment of lymphoid leukaemias, with apigenin showing the greatest effects. Likewise in myeloid cells apigenin also synergised the action of all alkylating agents, suggesting that apigenin may also be beneficial in myeloid leukaemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Mahbub
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Laboratory Medicine Department, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Haywood-Small
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Neil A Cross
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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28
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Vickers L, Thorpe AA, Snuggs J, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration: Consideration of the degenerate niche. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1055. [PMID: 31463465 PMCID: PMC6686825 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a synthetic Laponite crosslinked poly N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N, N'-dimethylacrylamide (NPgel) hydrogel, which induces nucleus pulposus (NP) cell differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without the need for additional growth factors. Furthermore NP gel supports integration following injection into the disc and restores mechanical function to the disc. However, translation of this treatment strategy into clinical application is dependent on the survival and differentiation of hMSC to the correct cell phenotype within the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD). Here, we investigated the viability and differentiation of hMSCs within NP gel within a catabolic microenvironment. hMSCs were encapsulated in NPgel and cultured for 4 weeks under hypoxia (5% O2) with ± calcium, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) either individually or in combination to mimic the degenerate environment. Cell viability and cellular phenotype were investigated. Stem cell viability was maintained within hydrogel systems for the 4 weeks investigated under all degenerate conditions. NP matrix markers: Agg and Col II and NP phenotypic markers: HIF-1α, FOXF1, and PAX1 were expressed within the NPgel cultures and expression was not affected by culture within degenerate conditions. Alizarin red staining demonstrated increased calcium deposition under cultures containing CaCl2 indicating calcification of the matrix. Interestingly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ADAMTS 4, and Col I expression by hMSCs cultured in NPgel was upregulated by calcium but not by proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. Importantly IL-1β and TNFα, regarded as key contributors to disc degeneration, were not shown to affect the NP cell differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the NPgel. In agreement with our previous findings, NPgel alone was sufficient to induce NP cell differentiation of MSCs, with expression of both aggrecan and collagen type II, under both standard and degenerate culture conditions; thus could provide a therapeutic option for the repair of the NP during IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Vickers
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Abbey A. Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Joseph Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research InstituteSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
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29
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Taylor-Whiteley TR, Le Maitre CL, Duce JA, Dalton CF, Smith DP. Recapitulating Parkinson's disease pathology in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038042. [PMID: 30926586 PMCID: PMC6505482 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein into ubiquitin-positive Lewy bodies represents a major neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). At present, the generation of large nuclear-associated Lewy bodies from endogenous wild-type α-synuclein, translationally regulated under its own promoter in human cell culture models, requires costly and time-consuming protocols. Here, we demonstrate that fully differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells grown in three-dimensional cell culture develop Lewy-body-like pathology upon exposure to exogenous α-synuclein species. In contrast to most cell- and rodent-based PD models, which exhibit multiple diffuse α-synuclein aggregates throughout the cytoplasm, a single large nuclear inclusion that is immunopositive for α-synuclein and ubiquitin is rapidly obtained in our model. This was achieved without the need for overexpression of α-synuclein or genetic modification of the cell line. However, phosphorylation of α-synuclein within these inclusions was not observed. The system described here provides an ideal tool to screen compounds to therapeutically intervene in Lewy body formation, and to investigate the mechanisms involved in disease progression in synucleinopathies. Editor's choice: This study describes a novel 3D cell culture model that recapitulates key features of neuropathology in synucleinopathies, including large, nuclear-associated α-synuclein and ubiquitin-positive inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Taylor-Whiteley
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - James A Duce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK.,The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - David P Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
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30
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Snuggs JW, Day RE, Bach FC, Conner MT, Bunning RAD, Tryfonidou MA, Le Maitre CL. Aquaporin expression in the human and canine intervertebral disc during maturation and degeneration. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1049. [PMID: 31463463 PMCID: PMC6686802 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a highly hydrated tissue, the rich proteoglycan matrix imbibes water, enabling the disc to withstand compressive loads. During aging and degeneration increased matrix degradation leads to dehydration and loss of function. Aquaporins (AQP) are a family of transmembrane channel proteins that selectively allow the passage of water in and out of cells and are responsible for maintaining water homeostasis in many tissues. Here, the expression of all 13 AQPs at gene and protein level was investigated in human and canine nondegenerate and degenerate IVDs to develop an understanding of the role of AQPs during degeneration. Furthermore, in order to explore the transition of notochordal cells (NCs) towards nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, AQP expression was investigated in canine IVDs enriched in NCs to understand the role of AQPs in IVD maturation. AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 were expressed at gene and protein level in both nondegenerate and degenerate human NP tissue. AQP2 and 7 immunopositivity increased with degeneration in human NP tissue, whereas AQP4 expression decreased with degeneration in a similar way to AQP1 and 5 shown previously. All AQP proteins that were identified in human NP tissue were also expressed in canine NP tissue. AQP2, 5, 6, and 9 were found to localize to vacuole-like membranes and cell membranes in NC cells. In conclusion, AQPs were abundantly expressed in human and canine IVDs. The expression of many AQP isotypes potentially alludes to multifaceted functions related to adaption of NP cells to the conditions they encounter within their microenvironment in health and degeneration. The presence of AQPs within the IVD may suggest an adaptive role for these water channels during the development and maintenance of the healthy, mature IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Rebecca E. Day
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew T. Conner
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhamptonUK
| | | | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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31
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Dosh RH, Jordan-Mahy N, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Long-term in vitro 3D hydrogel co-culture model of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1812. [PMID: 30755679 PMCID: PMC6372635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro study of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires a cell model which closely reflects the characteristics of the in vivo intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the application of L-pNIPAM hydrogel as a scaffold to develop a long-term 3D co-culture model of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells under conditions analogous to inflammation, to determine its potential use in studying IBD. Monocultures and co-cultures were layered on L-pNIPAM hydrogel scaffolds and maintained under dynamic culture conditions for up to 12 weeks. Treatments with IL-1β, TNFα, and hypoxia for 1 week were used to create an inflammatory environment. Following prolonged culture, the metabolic activity of Caco-2 monoculture and 90% Caco-2/10% HT29-MTX co-cultures on L-pNIPAM hydrogels were increased, and finger-like structures, similar in appearance to villi were observed. Following treatment with IL-1β, TNFα and hypoxia, ALP and ZO-1 were decreased, MUC2 increased, and MUC5AC remained unchanged. ADAMTS1 was increased in response to hypoxia. Caspase 3 expression was increased in response to TNFα and hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, L-pNIPAM hydrogel supported long-term co-culture within a 3D model. Furthermore, stimulation with factors seen during inflammation recapitulated features seen during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Dosh
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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32
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Smith LJ, Silverman L, Sakai D, Le Maitre CL, Mauck RL, Malhotra NR, Lotz JC, Buckley CT. Advancing cell therapies for intervertebral disc regeneration from the lab to the clinic: Recommendations of the ORS spine section. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1036. [PMID: 30895277 PMCID: PMC6419951 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly associated with chronic low back pain, a leading cause of disability worldwide. Current back pain treatment approaches (both surgical and conservative) are limited to addressing symptoms, not necessarily the root cause. Not surprisingly therefore, long-term efficacy of most approaches is poor. Cell-based disc regeneration strategies have shown promise in preclinical studies, and represent a relatively low-risk, low-cost, and durable therapeutic approach suitable for a potentially large patient population, thus making them attractive from both clinical and commercial standpoints. Despite such promise, no such therapies have been broadly adopted clinically. In this perspective we highlight primary obstacles and provide recommendations to help accelerate successful clinical translation of cell-based disc regeneration therapies. The key areas addressed include: (a) Optimizing cell sources and delivery techniques; (b) Minimizing potential risks to patients; (c) Selecting physiologically and clinically relevant efficacy metrics; (d) Maximizing commercial potential; and (e) Recognizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaborations and engaging with clinicians from inception through to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J. Smith
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Lara Silverman
- DiscGenics Inc.Salt Lake CityUtah
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennessee
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | | | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Neil R. Malhotra
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for BioengineeringTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
- School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, The University of DublinDublinIreland
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33
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Thorpe AA, Bach FC, Tryfonidou MA, Le Maitre CL, Mwale F, Diwan AD, Ito K. Leaping the hurdles in developing regenerative treatments for the intervertebral disc from preclinical to clinical. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1027. [PMID: 31463447 PMCID: PMC6686834 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic back and neck pain is a prevalent disability, often caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Because current treatments for this condition are less than satisfactory, a great deal of effort is being applied to develop new solutions, including regenerative strategies. However, the path from initial promising idea to clinical use is fraught with many hurdles to overcome. Many of the keys to success are not necessarily linked to science or innovation. Successful translation to clinic will also rely on planning and awareness of the hurdles. It will be essential to plan your entire path to clinic from the outset and to do this with a multidisciplinary team. Take advice early on regulatory aspects and focus on generating the proof required to satisfy regulatory approval. Scientific demonstration and societal benefits are important, but translation cannot occur without involving commercial parties, which are instrumental to support expensive clinical trials. This will only be possible when intellectual property can be protected sufficiently to support a business model. In this manner, commercial, societal, medical, and scientific partners can work together to ultimately improve patient health. Based on literature surveys and experiences of the co-authors, this opinion paper presents this pathway, highlights the most prominent issues and hopefully will aid in your own translational endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey A. Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Fackson Mwale
- Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Ashish D. Diwan
- Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySt. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Division, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoventhe Netherlands
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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34
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Lama P, Le Maitre CL, Harding IJ, Dolan P, Adams MA. Nerves and blood vessels in degenerated intervertebral discs are confined to physically disrupted tissue. J Anat 2018; 233:86-97. [PMID: 29708266 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels are found in the peripheral annulus and endplates of healthy adult intervertebral discs. Degenerative changes can allow these vessels to grow inwards and become associated with discogenic pain, but it is not yet clear how far, and why, they grow in. Previously we have shown that physical disruption of the disc matrix, which is a defining feature of disc degeneration, creates free surfaces which lose proteoglycans and water, and so become physically and chemically conducive to cell migration. We now hypothesise that blood vessels and nerves in degenerated discs are confined to such disrupted tissue. Whole lumbar discs were obtained from 40 patients (aged 37-75 years) undergoing surgery for disc herniation, disc degeneration with spondylolisthesis or adolescent scoliosis ('non-degenerated' controls). Thin (5-μm) sections were stained with H&E and toluidine blue for semi-quantitative assessment of blood vessels, fissures and proteoglycan loss. Ten thick (30-μm) frozen sections from each disc were immunostained for CD31 (an endothelial cell marker), PGP 9.5 and Substance P (general and nociceptive nerve markers, respectively) and examined by confocal microscopy. Volocity image analysis software was used to calculate the cross-sectional area of each labelled structure, and its distance from the nearest free surface (disc periphery or internal fissure). Results showed that nerves and blood vessels were confined to proteoglycan-depleted regions of disrupted annulus. The maximum distance of any blood vessel or nerve from the nearest free surface was 888 and 247 μm, respectively. Blood vessels were greater in number, grew deeper, and occupied more area than nerves. The density of labelled blood vessels and nerves increased significantly with Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration and with local proteoglycan loss. Analysing multiple thick sections with fluorescent markers on a confocal microscope allows reliable detection of thin filamentous structures, even within a dense matrix. We conclude that, in degenerated and herniated discs, blood vessels and nerves are confined to proteoglycan-depleted regions of disrupted tissue, especially within annulus fissures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Lama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Patricia Dolan
- Centre for Applied Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael A Adams
- Centre for Applied Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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35
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Johnson ZI, Doolittle AC, Snuggs JW, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. TNF-α promotes nuclear enrichment of the transcription factor TonEBP/NFAT5 to selectively control inflammatory but not osmoregulatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17561-17575. [PMID: 28842479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes chronic back pain and is linked to production of proinflammatory molecules by nucleus pulposus (NP) and other disc cells. Activation of tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP)/NFAT5 by non-osmotic stimuli, including proinflammatory molecules, occurs in cells involved in immune response. However, whether inflammatory stimuli activate TonEBP in NP cells and whether TonEBP controls inflammation during IDD is unknown. We show that TNF-α, but not IL-1β or LPS, promoted nuclear enrichment of TonEBP protein. However, TNF-α-mediated activation of TonEBP did not cause induction of osmoregulatory genes. RNA sequencing showed that 8.5% of TNF-α transcriptional responses were TonEBP-dependent and identified genes regulated by both TNF-α and TonEBP. These genes were over-enriched in pathways and diseases related to inflammatory response and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. Based on RNA-sequencing results, we further investigated regulation of novel TonEBP targets CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 TonEBP acted synergistically with TNF-α and LPS to induce CXCL1-proximal promoter activity. Interestingly, this regulation required a highly conserved NF-κB-binding site but not a predicted TonE, suggesting cross-talk between these two members of the Rel family. Finally, analysis of human NP tissue showed that TonEBP expression correlated with canonical osmoregulatory targets TauT/SLC6A6, SMIT/SLC5A3, and AR/AKR1B1, supporting in vitro findings that the inflammatory milieu during IDD does not interfere with TonEBP osmoregulation. In summary, whereas TonEBP participates in the proinflammatory response to TNF-α, therapeutic strategies targeting this transcription factor for treatment of disc disease must spare osmoprotective, prosurvival, and matrix homeostatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
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36
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Steinberg J, Ritchie GRS, Roumeliotis TI, Jayasuriya RL, Clark MJ, Brooks RA, Binch ALA, Shah KM, Coyle R, Pardo M, Le Maitre CL, Ramos YFM, Nelissen RGHH, Meulenbelt I, McCaskie AW, Choudhary JS, Wilkinson JM, Zeggini E. Integrative epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics of patient chondrocytes reveal genes and pathways involved in osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8935. [PMID: 28827734 PMCID: PMC5566454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and joint remodeling. The underlying molecular changes underpinning disease progression are incompletely understood. We investigated genes and pathways that mark OA progression in isolated primary chondrocytes taken from paired intact versus degraded articular cartilage samples across 38 patients undergoing joint replacement surgery (discovery cohort: 12 knee OA, replication cohorts: 17 knee OA, 9 hip OA patients). We combined genome-wide DNA methylation, RNA sequencing, and quantitative proteomics data. We identified 49 genes differentially regulated between intact and degraded cartilage in at least two -omics levels, 16 of which have not previously been implicated in OA progression. Integrated pathway analysis implicated the involvement of extracellular matrix degradation, collagen catabolism and angiogenesis in disease progression. Using independent replication datasets, we showed that the direction of change is consistent for over 90% of differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated CpG probes. AQP1, COL1A1 and CLEC3B were significantly differentially regulated across all three -omics levels, confirming their differential expression in human disease. Through integration of genome-wide methylation, gene and protein expression data in human primary chondrocytes, we identified consistent molecular players in OA progression that replicated across independent datasets and that have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
| | - Graham R S Ritchie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.,MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Raveen L Jayasuriya
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Matthew J Clark
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Box 180, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Abbie L A Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Karan M Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rachael Coyle
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mercedes Pardo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Box 180, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
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Daniels J, Binch AAL, Le Maitre CL. Inhibiting IL-1 signaling pathways to inhibit catabolic processes in disc degeneration. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:74-85. [PMID: 27391542 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is characterized by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic signaling, with an increase in catabolic cytokines particularly IL-1β, a key regulator of IVD degeneration. This study aimed to investigate intracellular signaling pathways activated by IL-1β, and GDF-5 in the degenerate IVD to identify potential new therapeutic targets. Human NP cells were cultured in alginate beads to regain in vivo phenotype prior to stimulation with IL-1β or GDF-5 for 30 min, a proteasome profiler array was initially utilized to screen activation status of 46 signaling proteins. Immunoflourescence was used to investigate activation of the NFκB pathway. Cell-based ELISAs were then deployed to confirm results for ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, c-jun, and IκB signaling. IHC was utilized to investigate native activation status within human IVD tissue between grades of degeneration. Finally, cells were stimulated with IL-1β in the absence or presence of p38 MAPK, c-jun, JNK, and NFκB inhibitors to investigate effects on MMP3, MMP13, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression. This study demonstrated three key signaling pathways which were differentially activated by IL-1β but not GDF-5; namely p38 MAPK, c-jun, and NFκB. While ERK 1/2 was activated by both GDF-5 and IL-1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated p38 MAPK, c-jun, and NFκB were activated during human IVD degeneration and inhibition of these pathways reduced or abrogated the catabolic effects of IL-1β, with inhibition of NFκB signaling demonstrating most widespread inhibition of IL-1β catabolic effects. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:74-85, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Daniels
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie A L Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Vo NV, Hartman RA, Patil PR, Risbud MV, Kletsas D, Iatridis JC, Hoyland JA, Le Maitre CL, Sowa GA, Kang JD. Molecular mechanisms of biological aging in intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1289-306. [PMID: 26890203 PMCID: PMC4988945 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the majority of human ailments, including spine-related chronic disability and back pain, which stem from age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Given the rapid global rise in the aging population, understanding the biology of intervertebral disc aging in order to develop effective therapeutic interventions to combat the adverse effects of aging on disc health is now imperative. Fortunately, recent advances in aging research have begun to shed light on the basic biological process of aging. Here we review some of these insights and organize the complex process of disc aging into three different phases to guide research efforts to understand the biology of disc aging. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge and the recent progress made to elucidate specific molecular mechanisms underlying disc aging. In particular, studies over the last few years have uncovered cellular senescence and genomic instability as important drivers of disc aging. Supporting evidence comes from DNA repair-deficient animal models that show increased disc cellular senescence and accelerated disc aging. Additionally, stress-induced senescent cells have now been well documented to secrete catabolic factors, which can negatively impact the physiology of neighboring cells and ECM. These along with other molecular drivers of aging are reviewed in depth to shed crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of age-related disc degeneration. We also highlight molecular targets for novel therapies and emerging candidate therapeutics that may mitigate age-associated IDD. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1289-1306, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Hartman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanti R. Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester M13 9PT and NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Musculoskeletal and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D. Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mader KT, Peeters M, Detiger SEL, Helder MN, Smit TH, Le Maitre CL, Sammon C. Investigation of intervertebral disc degeneration using multivariate FTIR spectroscopic imaging. Faraday Discuss 2016; 187:393-414. [PMID: 27057647 PMCID: PMC5047047 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally tissue samples are analysed using protein or enzyme specific stains on serial sections to build up a picture of the distribution of components contained within them. In this study we investigated the potential of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) to deconvolute 2nd derivative spectra of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopic images measured in transflectance mode of goat and human paraffin embedded intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue sections, to see if this methodology can provide analogous information to that provided by immunohistochemical stains and bioassays but from a single section. MCR-ALS analysis of non-degenerate and enzymatically in vivo degenerated goat IVDs reveals five matrix components displaying distribution maps matching histological stains for collagen, elastin and proteoglycan (PG), as well as immunohistochemical stains for collagen type I and II. Interestingly, two components exhibiting characteristic spectral and distribution profiles of proteoglycans were found, and relative component/tissue maps of these components (labelled PG1 and PG2) showed distinct distributions in non-degenerate versus mildly degenerate goat samples. MCR-ALS analysis of human IVD sections resulted in comparable spectral profiles to those observed in the goat samples, highlighting the inter species transferability of the presented methodology. Multivariate FTIR image analysis of a set of 43 goat IVD sections allowed the extraction of semi-quantitative information from component/tissue gradients taken across the IVD width of collagen type I, collagen type II, PG1 and PG2. Regional component/tissue parameters were calculated and significant correlations were found between histological grades of degeneration and PG parameters (PG1: p = 0.0003, PG2: p < 0.0001); glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and PGs (PG1: p = 0.0055, PG2: p = 0.0001); and MRI T2* measurements and PGs (PG1: p = 0.0021, PG2: p < 0.0001). Additionally, component/tissue parameters for collagen type I and II showed significant correlations with total collagen content (p = 0.0204, p = 0.0127). In conclusion, the presented findings illustrate, that the described multivariate FTIR imaging approach affords the necessary chemical specificity to be considered an important tool in the study of IVD degeneration in goat and human IVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin T Mader
- Sheffield Hallam University, Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Mirte Peeters
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Skeletal Tissue Engineering Group Amsterdam (STEGA) and MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E L Detiger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Skeletal Tissue Engineering Group Amsterdam (STEGA) and MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Skeletal Tissue Engineering Group Amsterdam (STEGA) and MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H Smit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Skeletal Tissue Engineering Group Amsterdam (STEGA) and MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Chris Sammon
- Sheffield Hallam University, Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Binch ALA, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Michael ALR, Chiverton N, Creemers LB, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. Class 3 semaphorins expression and association with innervation and angiogenesis within the degenerate human intervertebral disc. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18338-54. [PMID: 26286962 PMCID: PMC4621894 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve and blood vessel ingrowth during intervertebral disc degeneration, is thought to be a major cause of low back pain, however the regulation of this process is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of a subclass of axonal guidance molecules known as the class 3 semaphorins, and their receptors; plexins and neuropilins within human NP tissue and their regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly this determined whether semaphorin expression was associated with the presence of nerves and blood vessels in tissues from human intervertebral discs. The study demonstrated that semaphorin3A, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F and their receptors were expressed by native NP cells and further demonstrated their expression was regulated by IL-1β but to a lesser extent by IL-6 and TNFα. This is the first study to identify sema3C, sema3D and their receptors within the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. Immunopositivity shows significant increases in semaphorin3C, 3D and their receptor neuropilin-2 in degenerate samples which were shown to contain nerves and blood vessels, compared to non-degenerate samples without nerves and blood vessels. Therefore data presented here suggests that semaphorin3C may have a role in promoting innervation and vascularisation during degeneration, which may go on to cause low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley A Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lee M Breakwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Universitair Medisch Centrum, Orthopaedics Department, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alison K Cross
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Day R, Binch A, Markova DZ, Chiverton N, Cole A, Conner M, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Aquaporin 1 and 5 expression decreases during human intervertebral disc degeneration: Novel HIF-1-mediated regulation of aquaporins in NP cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11945-58. [PMID: 25844601 PMCID: PMC4494915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to investigate whether AQP1 and AQP5 expression is altered during intervertebral disc degeneration and if hypoxia and HIF-1 regulate their expression in NP cells. AQP expression was measured in human tissues from different degenerative grades; regulation by hypoxia and HIF-1 was studied using promoter analysis and gain- and loss-of-function experiments. We show that both AQPs are expressed in the disc and that mRNA and protein levels decline with human disease severity. Bioinformatic analyses of AQP promoters showed multiple evolutionarily conserved HREs. Surprisingly, hypoxia failed to induce promoter activity or expression of either AQP. While genomic chromatin immunoprecipitation showed limited binding of HIF-1α to conserved HREs, their mutation did not suppress promoter activities. Stable HIF-1α suppression significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of both AQPs, but HIF-1α failed to induce AQP levels following accumulation. Together, our results demonstrate that AQP1 and AQP5 expression is sensitive to human disc degeneration and that HIF-1α uniquely maintains basal expression of both AQPs in NP cells, independent of oxemic tension and HIF-1 binding to promoter HREs. Diminished HIF-1 activity during degeneration may suppress AQP levels in NP cells, compromising their ability to respond to extracellular osmolarity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa S Gogate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Day
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abbie Binch
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ashley Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Conner
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Thorpe AA, Binch AL, Creemers LB, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Nucleus pulposus phenotypic markers to determine stem cell differentiation: fact or fiction? Oncotarget 2016; 7:2189-200. [PMID: 26735178 PMCID: PMC4823028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies for nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration are hampered by a lack of understanding and consensus of the normal NP cell phenotype. Despite the recent consensus paper on NP markers, there is still a need to further validate proposed markers. This study aimed to determine whether an NP phenotypic profile could be identified within a large population of mature NP samples.qRT-PCR was conducted to assess mRNA expression of 13 genes within human non-degenerate articular chondrocytes (AC) (n=10) and NP cells extracted from patients across a spectrum of histological degeneration grades (n=71). qRT-PCR results were used to select NP marker candidates for protein expression analysis.Differential expression at mRNA between AC and non-degenerate NP cells was only observed for Paired Box Protein 1 (PAX1) and Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1). In contrast no other previously suggested markers displayed differential expression between non-degenerate NP and AC at mRNA level. PAX1 and FOXF1 protein expression was significantly higher in the NP compared to annulus fibrosus (AF), cartilaginous endplate (CEP) and AC. In contrast Laminin-5 (LAM-332), Keratin-19 (KRT-19) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) showed no differential expression in NP cells compared with AC cells.A marker which exclusively differentiates NP cells from AF and AC cells remains to be identified, raising the question: is the NP a heterogeneous population of cells? Or does the natural biological variation during IVD development, degeneration state and even the life cycle of cells make finding one definitive marker impossible?
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey A. Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abbie L.A. Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Dunn SL, Wilkinson JM, Crawford A, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL. Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage: Implications for Future Therapies. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:3-15. [PMID: 28861474 PMCID: PMC5576594 DOI: 10.1089/can.2015.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabinoids have shown to reduce joint damage in animal models of arthritis and reduce matrix metalloproteinase expression in primary human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. The actions of cannabinoids are mediated by a number of receptors, including cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), G-protein-coupled receptors 55 and 18 (GPR55 and GPR18), transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ). However, to date very few studies have investigated the expression and localization of these receptors in human chondrocytes, and expression during degeneration, and thus their potential in clinical applications is unknown. Methods: Human articular cartilage from patients with symptomatic OA was graded histologically and the expression and localization of cannabinoid receptors within OA cartilage and underlying bone were determined immunohistochemically. Expression levels across regions of cartilage and changes with degeneration were investigated. Results: Expression of all the cannabinoid receptors investigated was observed with no change with grade of degeneration seen in the expression of CB1, CB2, GPR55, PPARα, and PPARγ. Conversely, the number of chondrocytes within the deep zone of cartilage displaying immunopositivity for GPR18 and TRPV1 was significantly decreased in degenerate cartilage. Receptor expression was higher in chondrocytes than in osteocytes in the underlying bone. Conclusions: Chondrocytes from OA joints were shown to express a wide range of cannabinoid receptors even in degenerate tissues, demonstrating that these cells could respond to cannabinoids. Cannabinoids designed to bind to receptors inhibiting the catabolic and pain pathways within the arthritic joint, while avoiding psychoactive effects, could provide potential arthritis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Dunn
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Mark Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Crawford
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena A D Bunning
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Binch ALA, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Michael ALR, Chiverton N, Creemers LB, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:370. [PMID: 26695177 PMCID: PMC4704545 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of disability worldwide. New ideas surrounding LBP are emerging that are based on interactions between mechanical, biological and chemical influences on the human IVD. The degenerate IVD is proposed to be innervated by sensory nerve fibres and vascularised by blood vessels, and it is speculated to contribute to pain sensation. However, the incidence of nerve and blood vessel ingrowth, as well as whether these features are always associated, is unknown. We investigated the presence of nerves and blood vessels in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD in a large population of human discs. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed with 61 human IVD samples, to identify and localise nerves (neurofilament 200 [NF200]/protein gene product 9.5) and blood vessels (CD31) within different regions of the IVD. RESULTS Immunopositivity for NF200 was identified within all regions of the IVD within post-mortem tissues. Nerves were seen to protrude across lamellar ridges and through matrix towards NP cells. Nerves were identified deep within the NP and were in many cases, but not always, seen in close proximity to fissures or in areas where decreased matrix was seen. Fifteen percent of samples were degenerate and negative for nerves and blood vessels, whilst 16 % of all samples were degenerate with nerves and blood vessels. We identified 52% of samples that were degenerate with nerves but no blood vessels. Interestingly, only 4% of all samples were degenerate with no nerves but positive for blood vessels. Of the 85 samples investigated, only 6 % of samples were non-degenerate without nerves and blood vessels and 7% had nerves but no blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses the controversial topic of nerve and blood vessel ingrowth into the IVD in a large number of human samples. Our findings demonstrate that nerves are present within a large proportion of NP samples from degenerate IVDs. This study shows a possible link between nerve ingrowth and degeneration of the IVD and suggests that nerves can migrate in the absence of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Ashley A Cole
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Lee M Breakwell
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Antony L R Michael
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alison K Cross
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Binch ALA, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Michael ALR, Chiverton N, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. Expression and regulation of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors during human intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:416. [PMID: 25209447 PMCID: PMC4177417 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) becomes innervated by sensory nerve fibres, and vascularised by blood vessels. This study aimed to identify neurotrophins, neuropeptides and angiogenic factors within native IVD tissue and to further investigate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the regulation of expression levels within nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, nerve and endothelial cells. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on 53 human IVDs from 52 individuals to investigate native gene expression of neurotrophic factors and their receptors, neuropeptides and angiogenic factors. The regulation of these factors by cytokines was investigated in NP cells in alginate culture, and nerve and endothelial cells in monolayer using RT-PCR and substance P (SP) protein expression in interleukin-1 (IL-1β) stimulated NP cells. Results Initial investigation on uncultured NP cells identified expression of all neurotrophins by native NP cells, whilst the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor was only identified in severely degenerate and infiltrated discs, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor expressed by more degenerate discs. BDNF expression was significantly increased in infiltrated and degenerate samples. SP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were higher in infiltrated samples. In vitro stimulation by IL-1β induced NGF in NP cells. Neurotropin-3 was induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). SP gene and protein expression was increased in NP cells by IL-1β. Calcitonin gene related peptide was increased in SH-SY5Y cells upon cytokine stimulation. VEGF was induced by IL-1β and interleukin-6 in NP cells, whilst pleiotrophin was decreased by IL-1β. VEGF and pleiotrophin were expressed by SH-SY5Y cells, and VEGF by HDMECs, but were not modulated by cytokines. Conclusions The release of cytokines, in particular IL-1β during IVD degeneration, induced significant increases in NGF and VEGF which could promote neuronal and vascular ingrowth. SP which is released into the matrix could potentially up regulate the production of matrix degrading enzymes and also sensitise nerves, resulting in nociceptive transmission and chronic low back pain. This suggests that IL-1β is a key regulatory cytokine, involved in the up regulation of factors involved in innervation and vascularisation of tissues.
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Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Haywood-Small SL, McDougall GJ, Cross NA, Jordan-Mahy N. Differential effects of polyphenols on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 13:1601-13. [PMID: 23796248 PMCID: PMC3873039 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates for leukemia are high despite considerable improvements in treatment. Since polyphenols exert pro-apoptotic effects in solid tumors, our study investigated the effects of polyphenols in haematological malignancies. The effect of eight polyphenols (quercetin, chrysin, apigenin, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, cis-stilbene and trans-stilbene) were studied on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in four lymphoid and four myeloid leukemic cells lines, together with normal haematopoietic control cells. METHODS Cellular proliferation was measured by CellTiter-Glo(®) luminescent assay; and cell cycle arrest was assessed using flow cytometry of propidium iodide stained cells. Apoptosis was investigated by caspase-3 activity assay using flow cytometry and apoptotic morphology was confirmed by Hoescht 33342 staining. RESULTS Emodin, quercetin, and cis-stilbene were the most effective polyphenols at decreasing cell viability (IC50 values of 5-22 μM, 8-33 μM, and 25-85 μM respectively) and inducing apoptosis (AP50 values (the concentration which 50% of cells undergo apoptosis) of 2-27 μM, 19-50 μM, and 8-50 μM respectively). Generally, lymphoid cell lines were more sensitive to polyphenol treatment compared to myeloid cell lines, however the most resistant myeloid (KG-1a and K562) cell lines were still found to respond to emodin and quercetin treatment at low micromolar levels. Non-tumor cells were less sensitive to all polyphenols compared to the leukemia cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that polyphenols have anti-tumor activity against leukemia cells with differential effects. Importantly, the differential sensitivity of emodin, quercetin, and cis-stilbene between leukemia and normal cells suggests that polyphenols are potential therapeutic agents for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Sheffield Hallam University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield, UK.
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Wang J, Tian Y, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RA, Cross AK, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Tumor necrosis factor α- and interleukin-1β-dependent induction of CCL3 expression by nucleus pulposus cells promotes macrophage migration through CCR1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:832-42. [PMID: 23233369 DOI: 10.1002/art.37819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) regulation of CCL3 expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and in macrophage migration. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to measure CCL3 expression in NP cells. Transfections were used to determine the role of NF-κB, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPβ), and MAPK on cytokine-mediated CCL3 promoter activity. The effect of NP-conditioned medium on macrophage migration was measured using a Transwell system. RESULTS An increase in CCL3 expression and promoter activity was observed in NP cells after TNFα or IL-1β treatment. Treatment of cells with NF-κB and MAPK inhibitors abolished the effect of the cytokines on CCL3 expression. The inductive effect of p65 and C/EBPβ on the CCL3 promoter was confirmed through gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. Notably, cotransfection with p50 completely blocked cytokine- and p65-dependent induction. In contrast, c-Rel and RelB had little effect on promoter activity. Lentiviral transduction with short hairpin RNA for p65 (shp65) and shIKKβ significantly decreased the TNFα-dependent increase in CCL3 expression. Analysis of degenerated human NP tissue samples showed that CCL3, but not CCL4, expression correlated positively with the grade of tissue degeneration. Importantly, treatment of macrophages with conditioned medium of NP cells treated with TNFα or IL-1β promoted their migration. Pretreatment of macrophages with an antagonist of CCR1, the primary receptor for CCL3 and CCL4, blocked cytokine-mediated migration. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TNFα and IL-1β modulate the expression of CCL3 in NP cells by controlling the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, and C/EBPβ signaling. The CCL3-CCR1 axis may play an important role in promoting macrophage infiltration in degenerated, herniated discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Wang
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Wang H, Tian Y, Wang J, Phillips KLE, Binch ALA, Dunn S, Cross A, Chiverton N, Zheng Z, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Inflammatory cytokines induce NOTCH signaling in nucleus pulposus cells: implications in intervertebral disc degeneration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16761-16774. [PMID: 23589286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate how inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and TNF-α control NOTCH signaling activity in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. An increase in expression of selective NOTCH receptors (NOTCH1 and -2), ligand (JAGGED2), and target genes (HES1, HEY1, and HEY2) was observed in NP cells following cytokine treatment. A concomitant increase in NOTCH signaling as evidenced by induction in activity of target gene HES1 and HEY1 promoters and reporter 12xCSL was seen. Moreover, treatment increased activity of a 2-kb NOTCH2 promoter. Treatment of cells with NF-κB and MAPK inhibitors abolished the inductive effect of cytokines on NOTCH2 promoter and its expression. Gain and loss-of-function studies confirmed the inductive effect of p65 on NOTCH2 promoter activity. In contrast, p50 blocked the cytokine induction of promoter activity. Supporting promoter studies, lentiviral delivery of sh-p65, and sh-IKKβ significantly decreased cytokine dependent change in NOTCH2 expression. Interestingly, MAPK signaling showed an isoform-specific control of NOTCH2 promoter; p38α/β2/δ, ERK1, and ERK2 contributed to cytokine dependent induction, whereas p38γ played no role. Analysis of human NP tissues showed that NOTCH1 and -2 and HEY2 expression correlated with each other. Moreover, expression of NOTCH2 and IL-1β as well as the number of cells immunopositive for NOTCH2 significantly increased in histologically degenerate discs compared with non-degenerate discs. Taken together, these results explain the observed dysregulated expression of NOTCH genes in degenerative disc disease. Thus, controlling IL-1β and TNF-α activities during disc disease may restore NOTCH signaling and nucleus pulposus cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Kate L E Phillips
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie L A Binch
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Dunn
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Cross
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
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Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Michael ALR, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. The cytokine and chemokine expression profile of nucleus pulposus cells: implications for degeneration and regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R213. [PMID: 24325988 PMCID: PMC3979161 DOI: 10.1186/ar4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of these studies were to identify the cytokine and chemokine expression profile of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and to determine the relationships between NP cell cytokine and chemokine production and the characteristic tissue changes seen during intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. METHODS Real-time q-PCR cDNA Low Density Array (LDA) was used to investigate the expression of 91 cytokine and chemokine associated genes in NP cells from degenerate human IVDs. Further real-time q-PCR was used to investigate 30 selected cytokine and chemokine associated genes in NP cells from non-degenerate and degenerate IVDs and those from IVDs with immune cell infiltrates (‘infiltrated’). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for four selected cytokines and chemokines to confirm and localize protein expression in human NP tissue samples. RESULTS LDA identified the expression of numerous cytokine and chemokine associated genes including 15 novel cytokines and chemokines. Further q-PCR gene expression studies identified differential expression patterns in NP cells derived from non-degenerate, degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. IHC confirmed NP cells as a source of IL-16, CCL2, CCL7 and CXCL8 and that protein expression of CCL2, CCL7 and CXCL8 increases concordant with histological degenerative tissue changes. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that NP cells are a source of cytokines and chemokines within the IVD and that these expression patterns are altered in IVD pathology. These findings may be important for the correct assessment of the ‘degenerate niche’ prior to autologous or allogeneic cell transplantation for biological therapy of the degenerate IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L E Phillips
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ashley A Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lee M Breakwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gail Haddock
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Rowena AD Bunning
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Alison K Cross
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
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G. Zaini R, Brandt K, R. Clench M, L. Le Maitre C. Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Carrots (Daucus carota L.), Polyacetylenes, Beta-Carotene and Lutein on Human Lymphoid Leukaemia Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:640-52. [DOI: 10.2174/187152012800617704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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