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Ribatti RM, Merten T, Lanciano T, Curci A. Psychometric validation of the Italian Self-Report Symptoms inventory (SRSI): Factor structure, construct validity, and diagnostic accuracy. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39264233 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2400681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is a novel tool designed to detect symptom overreporting and other forms of noncredible responding. Unlike existing scales, the SRSI includes genuine and pseudosymptoms scales covering cognitive, affective, motor, pain, and post-traumatic stress disorder domains. The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian Version of the SRSI (SRSI-It), in particular, its factor structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Data from 1180 healthy participants showed a hierarchical structure with higher-order constructs for genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms, each comprising five subscales. The SRSI-It showed a strong convergent validity with the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology and discriminant validity through low correlations with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined cut scores of 6 (95% specificity) and 9 (98% specificity) for pseudosymptoms, with a Ratio Index score of 0.289 (82% specificity). In summary, the SRSI-It appears to be a promising tool for identifying symptom exaggeration in clinical and forensic contexts, ultimately enhancing the quality and reliability of evaluations in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Maria Ribatti
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Thomas Merten
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Sawar K, Sawar L, Reddy V, Sahyouni A, Sawar A. Screening a Suspected Malingerer Using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Visual Analogue Pain Scale Questionnaires. Cureus 2024; 16:e62904. [PMID: 39040791 PMCID: PMC11262057 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Malingering in healthcare leads to a significant financial burden, so identifying patients who may be more likely to malinger is a critical step in minimizing the ever-growing cost of healthcare in the United States. Malingering is a clinical diagnosis with no well-established diagnostic tests. General guiding principles exist to determine whether or not a patient is malingering, but there is no well-established set of guidelines that can be used in common to identify malingering. Our team cared for a 51-year-old black, female patient who presented to an outpatient clinic due to generalized pain following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). The patient's symptomatology, clinical progression, and imaging results were discordant with one another, which prompted clinical suspicion of malingering. After careful deliberation, the care team suspected that the patient was malingering. Therefore, the clinical management was limited to a conservative pain management regimen and minimal clinical follow-up to avoid unnecessary healthcare expenditures. This article aims to discuss general principles and specific strategies for how a clinician can approach a case of suspected malingering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Sawar
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Lana Sawar
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Abdullah Sahyouni
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Amar Sawar
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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Khosravi M, Yousif Merza M, Obaid Saleh R, Ayaz Habib H, Alnemare AK, Bin Mahfoz T, Bin Ghaffar U, Ghildiyal P, Jawad Shoja S, Elawady A. The possible role of altered oropharyngeal microbiota in differentiating true psychosis from malingered psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting. Med Hypotheses 2024; 184:111284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
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Khosravi M, De Berardis D, Sarabandi S, Mazloom S, Adibi A, Javan N, Ghiasi Z, Nafeli M, Rahmanian N. An Update Review to Cast Light on the Possible Role of Altered Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Differentiating True Psychosis from Malingered Psychosis in a Forensic Psychiatric Setting. Ment Illn 2024; 2024:1-9. [DOI: 10.1155/2024/5595195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, malingered psychosis has had a progressive occurrence since a great deal of attention has been directed to the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions and care in the community. Therefore, malingered psychosis needs to be identified to conduct precise forensic assessments and prevent miscarriages of justice and misuse of restricted healthcare resources. Although, over the past decades, researchers have introduced a number of workable psychometric strategies and tools for diagnosing true psychosis, it is still sometimes challenging to differentiate between true and malingered psychosis. Hence, identifying reliable and innovative diagnostic alternatives seems crucial. Accordingly, a summary of gathered evidence is provided by the present review for enhancing future evaluation of oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a practical indicator for diagnosing true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting. As per the systematic search terms (namely, “diagnostic marker,” “oropharyngeal microbiome,” “forensic psychiatric setting,” “psychosis,” and “oropharyngeal microbiota”), relevant English publications were searched from January 1, 1980, to September 15, 2023, in Scopus, the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, eight articles were included in the present review. Also, we adopted the narrative technique so that the material synthesis leads to a cohesive and compelling story. The results revealed that the periodontal disease and saliva microbiome were possibly associated with true psychosis. Thus, since oropharyngeal microbial compositions are highly different among healthy controls and patients with true psychosis, future research can take advantage of saliva to differentiate between fake and true fake psychosis throughout the initial stages of forensic psychiatric assessment. As a substrate of interest, saliva could also be used for characterizing the various stages of psychosis under a forensic psychiatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sahel Sarabandi
- Depertment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mazloom
- Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Adibi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Negin Javan
- Department of Psychology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghiasi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nafeli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Negar Rahmanian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Fattal J, Mittal VA, Silverstein SM. Closed eye hallucinations in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:65-66. [PMID: 37625225 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fattal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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White S, Demler TL, Trigoboff E, Keers L, Matecki C. Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Psychiatric Inpatients. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 20:18-22. [PMID: 38193104 PMCID: PMC10773606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The perceptions and responses to acute states of emergency may vary for people experiencing serious mental illness (SMI). Therefore, studying the mental health toll of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric inpatients can inform psychiatric care in the event of future global crises. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the incidence of mental health manifestations in an adult inpatient state psychiatric facility during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the immediately preceding year. Methods Medication administration history for patients who utilized an as needed (PRN) medication for anxiety, agitation, or psychosis between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021, were analyzed. Secondary data on the incidence of restraints and seclusions were also examined. Results The total number of PRN medications was higher during the pre-COVID-19 time frame than during the pandemic (8,139 vs. 7,630), but this was not statistically significant. The following assessments were statistically significant: predominance of psychosis as a psychiatric symptom during the COVID-19 time frame (557 vs. 389), and the difference in PRN medication administration times between time frames as categorized by day (3,741 vs. 2,623), evening (3,844 vs. 4,239), and night (554 vs. 768). Conclusion During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of PRN medications for psychosis increased and the use of PRN medications for anxiety and agitation decreased among inpatients at a state psychiatric hospital. These results suggest that experiencing a worldwide pandemic in a psychiatric inpatient facility may be protective in some respects but may exacerbate symptoms of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara White
- All authors are with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
- Drs. Demler and White are additionally with Department of Pharmacy, New York State Office of Mental Health in Buffalo, New York
| | - Tammie Lee Demler
- All authors are with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
- Drs. Demler and White are additionally with Department of Pharmacy, New York State Office of Mental Health in Buffalo, New York
- Drs. Demler and Trigoboff are additionally with the Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
| | - Eileen Trigoboff
- All authors are with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
- Drs. Demler and Trigoboff are additionally with the Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
| | - Lucy Keers
- All authors are with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
| | - Chloe Matecki
- All authors are with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
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Khosravi M, De Berardis D, Mazloom S, Adibi A, Javan N, Ghiasi Z, Nafeli M, Rahmanian N. Oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a possible diagnostic marker for true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting: A narrative literature review and an opinion. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The malingered psychosis has increasingly occurred over the past few years due to the tendency towards care in the community and the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions. Thus, it is required to identify malingered psychosis to reach accurate forensic assessments and inhibit misuse of restricted healthcare resources and miscarriages of justice. Despite the fact that some practical psychometric tools and strategies have been proposed for diagnosing true psychosis over the past decades, the differentiation between true psychosis and malingered psychosis is still sometimes challenging. Accordingly, it seems crucial to identify innovative and reliable diagnostic alternatives. Hence, the present article summarizes a collection of evidence that can be used by researchers to improve future assessment of oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a feasible diagnostic marker for true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
| | | | - Sakineh Mazloom
- Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN
| | - Amir Adibi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IRAN
| | - Negin Javan
- Department of Psychology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
| | - Zahra Ghiasi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
| | - Mohammad Nafeli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
| | - Negar Rahmanian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IRAN
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