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Ao S, Gouda SP, Saikia L, Gurunathan B, Rokhum SL. Biochar carbon nanodots for catalytic acetalization of biodiesel by-product crude glycerol to solketal: process optimization by RSM and life cycle cost analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20140. [PMID: 39209866 PMCID: PMC11362544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanodots have garnered recent interest for their simple synthesis and versatile utility, ranging from biomedical to (opto) electronic applications, evolving into a tunable and biocompatible material. Here, for the first time, a biochar (lotus leaf) derived carbon nanodots was synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization. The synthesized hollow spherical biochar was engineered via functionalization by grafting -SO3H active sites. The attained catalyst was broadly analyzed by XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET, SEM-EDX, TEM, and XPS analysis after which it was applied for the acetalization reaction of crude glycerol (a biodiesel by-product) to form solketal, a potential fuel additive to valorize the large waste stream generated from biodiesel industry. Employing the RSM-CCD methodology, the experimental matrix was executed, and subsequent data were scrutinized through multiple regressions to model a quadratic equation. Under specific reaction parameters-a reaction duration of 14 min, a molar ratio of 7.5:1, and a catalyst loading of 5.7 wt.%, maximum solketal yield (95.7%) was attained through the ultrasonication method. Finally, to conclude, life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for solketal production was studied here which determined the overall cost of solketal production per kilogram to be 0.719 USD ($), indicating high commercial applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supongsenla Ao
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India
| | - Shiva Prasad Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India
| | - Lakshi Saikia
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Baskar Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
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Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Design of Bifunctional Nanocatalysts Based on Zeolites for Biomass Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2274. [PMID: 37630859 PMCID: PMC10458776 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional catalysts consisting of metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) and zeolite supports have received considerable attention due to their excellent catalytic properties in numerous reactions, including direct (biomass is a substrate) and indirect (platform chemical is a substrate) biomass processing. In this short review, we discuss major approaches to the preparation of NPs in zeolites, concentrating on methods that allow for the best interplay (synergy) between metal and acid sites, which is normally achieved for small NPs well-distributed through zeolite. We focus on the modification of zeolites to provide structural integrity and controlled acidity, which can be accomplished by the incorporation of certain metal ions or elements. The other modification avenue is the adjustment of zeolite morphology, including the creation of numerous defects for the NP entrapment and designed hierarchical porosity for improved mass transfer. In this review, we also provide examples of synergy between metal and acid sites and emphasize that without density functional theory calculations, many assumptions about the interactions between active sites remain unvalidated. Finally, we describe the most interesting examples of direct and indirect biomass (waste) processing for the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Zhao Y, Yang N, Chu X, Sun F, Ali MU, Zhang Y, Yang B, Cai Y, Liu M, Gasparini N, Zheng J, Zhang C, Guo C, Meng H. Wide-Humidity Range Applicable, Anti-Freezing, and Healable Zwitterionic Hydrogels for Ion-Leakage-Free Iontronic Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211617. [PMID: 36921620 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have entered the spotlight for applications in soft electronics. It is essential and challenging to obtain hydrogels that can function properly under varying environmental circumstances, that is, 30-90% relative humidity (RH) and -20 to 40 °C due to their intrinsic nature to lose and absorb water upon variations in humidity and temperature. In this work, a green solvent, solketal, is introduced into poly 3-dimethyl-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl azaniumyl propane-1-sulfonate (poly(DMAPS)) zwitterionic hydrogels. Compared to glycerol, solketal endows hydrogels with greater possibility for further modification as well as improved water content and mechanical performance consistency over 30-90% RH. Encouragingly, the optimized hydrogel demonstrates its unique merits as a dielectric layer in iontronic sensors, featuring non-leaky ions, high sensitivity (1100 kPa-1 ), wide humidity, and temperature range applicability. A wide-humidity range healable and stretchable electrode is attained by combining the hydrogel substrate with Ag paste. A full-device healable and highly-sensitive sensor is developed. This study is a pioneering work that tackles the broad humidity range applicability issue of hydrogels, and demonstrates the ion-leakage-free ionic skins with zwitterionic dielectrics. The outcomes of the study will considerably promote advancements in the fields of hydrogel electronics and iontronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fuchang Sun
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulu Cai
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Manyu Liu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Devasan R, Ruatpuia JVL, Gouda SP, Kodgire P, Basumatary S, Halder G, Rokhum SL. Microwave-assisted biodiesel production using bio-waste catalyst and process optimization using response surface methodology and kinetic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2570. [PMID: 36782046 PMCID: PMC9925450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Providing sufficient energy supply and reducing the effects of global warming are serious challenges in the present decades. In recent years, biodiesel has been viewed as an alternative to exhaustible fossil fuels and can potentially reduce global warming. Here we report for the first time the production of biodiesel from oleic acid (OA) as a test substrate using porous sulfonic acid functionalized banana peel waste as a heterogeneous catalyst under microwave irradiation. The morphology and chemical composition of the catalyst was investigated using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Scanning electron microscopy- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The SEM-EDX analysis of the catalyst revealed the presence of sulfur in 4.62 wt% amounting to 1.4437 mmol g-1 sulfonic acids, which is accorded to the high acidity of the reported catalyst. Using response surface methodology (RSM), through a central composite design (CCD) approach, 97.9 ± 0.7% biodiesel yield was observed under the optimized reaction conditions (methanol to OA molar ratio of 20:1, the temperature of 80 °C, catalyst loading of 8 wt% for 55 min). The catalyst showed excellent stability on repeated reuse and can be recycled at least 5 times without much activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhithuparna Devasan
- grid.444720.10000 0004 0497 4101Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam 788010 India
| | - Joseph V. L. Ruatpuia
- grid.444720.10000 0004 0497 4101Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam 788010 India
| | - Shiva Prasad Gouda
- grid.444720.10000 0004 0497 4101Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam 788010 India
| | - Pravin Kodgire
- grid.449189.90000 0004 1756 5243Chemical Engineering Department, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426 India ,grid.449189.90000 0004 1756 5243Center for Biofuel and Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426 India
| | - Sanjay Basumatary
- grid.466513.30000 0004 7391 0486Department of Chemistry, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370 India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- grid.444419.80000 0004 1767 0991Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209 India
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Sathish T, Mohanavel V, Raja T, Ravichandran M, Murugan P, Suresh Kumar S, Alqahtani S, Alshehery S, Lalvani JIJR. Hybrid MWCNT and TiO 2 Nanoparticle-Suspended Waste Tyre Oil Biodiesel for CI Engines. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:8626155. [PMID: 36779008 PMCID: PMC9918359 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8626155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, scarcity arises in almost all our basic needs, including water, fuel, and food. Recycling used and scrapped things for a valuable commodity is highly appreciable for compensating for the globally fast-growing demand. This paper aims to investigate waste tyre oil for preparing biodiesel for CI engines by enhancing their performance with hybrid nanoparticles for preparing nanofuel and hybrid nanofuel. The nanoparticles (30-40 nm) of MWCNT and TiO2 were utilized to prepare nanofuels with nanoparticle concentrations of MWCNT (300 ppm) and TiO2 (300 ppm), respectively. In the case of hybrid nanofuel, the nanoparticle concentration of MWCNT (150 ppm) and TiO2 (150 ppm) was preferred. The performance of the proposed nanofuel and hybrid nanofuel with pure diesel was evaluated. The proposed fuel performance outperforms the combustion performance, has higher engine efficiency, and has fewer emissions. The best performances were noticed in hybrid nanofuel that has 32% higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel and 24% and 4% lower BSFC and peak pressure than diesel, respectively. The emission performance is also 29%, 50%, and 13% lower in CO, HC, and CO2 emissions than that in pure diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Mohanavel
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, Uttar Pradesh, 247121, India
| | - T. Raja
- Material Science Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy 621112, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - P. Murugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Suresh Kumar
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sultan Alqahtani
- College of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehery
- College of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Production Engineering, AMIT, Arbaminch University, Ethiopia
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Metal-organic framework as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: A review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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