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Liu Y, Li Y, Yuan S, Ma W, Chen S, Wang LY. Risk Factors for Occupational Blood Exposure, Compliance with Policies of Infection Prevention and Control, and Costs Associated with Post Exposure Management Among Nursing Staff. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1215-1228. [PMID: 38562405 PMCID: PMC10982068 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the risk factors linked with occupational blood exposure (OBE) among nursing staff (NS), we pinpoint deficiencies in the compliance with policies of infection prevention and control, and assess the expenditures associated with infection prevention and control. Methods Healthcare workers that completed an "Occupational Blood Exposure Report Form" were divided into NS (observation) group and non-NS (control) group. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare both groups in various aspects. We also explored design patents intended to minimize occupational exposure. Results The highest incidence of OBE was observed in the department of neurosurgery. Among NS, OBE incidence was found to be influenced by independent risk factors, such as gender, age, occupational title, work location, and incidence of sharps injuries. Protective factors against OBEs included the use of arterial blood gas needles and suture needles. Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage rates were low in both groups prior to OBEs (0.74% vs 0.00%, P > 0.05). Correct emergency management could be improved promptly by both groups following an OBE (P > 0.05). However, the observation group exhibited a higher proportion of blood expression after a sharps injury and a higher re-evaluation rate at 6 months post-exposure compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In 2018, the per capita costs of infection prevention and control for NS were the Chinese Yuan (RMB) 339.43 per individual. In response to these findings, two utility model patents have been authorized. Conclusion The risk and protective factors related to the occurrence of OBEs were investigated in this study, suggesting that there is a need for improvement in the rate of PPE usage and the re-evaluation rate of OBEs among NS. Additionally, focused training on emergency blood expression and compliance with policies among non-NS personnel is deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Yuan
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yi Wang
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Anandadurai D, Praisie R, Venkateshvaran S, Nelson SB, Thulasiram M. Awareness, Perception, and Practice Regarding Needle-Stick Injury and Its Prevention Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e55820. [PMID: 38590462 PMCID: PMC10999507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Needle stick injuries caused by various sharp and other items like hypodermic needles and intravenous cannulas are important occupational hazards for healthcare workers (HCW). Preventing injuries is the most effective way to protect workers and requires good awareness and perceptions associated with practice on a daily basis. Therefore, we did a descriptive cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital to find the level of awareness, perception, and practice associated with needle stick injury and its prevention. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in south India. 400 healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, technicians, and housekeeping staff) with more than one year of experience were randomly selected. An anonymous, self-reporting, semi-structured questionnaire was administered. Results are expressed in mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Results Out of 400 respondents, 89% had good awareness about proper disposal practices. However,44% of the participants had the misbelief that recapping needles was recommended to prevent needle stick injury (NSI), and 30.5% practiced it, with the doctors being the majority. The majority (79.8%) knew that HIV, Hepatitis B & C are blood-borne pathogens that HCWs are most commonly exposed to through needle-stick injury (NSI). However, only 49% knew that Hepatitis B has the highest risk of transmission following a needle prick. 75% were aware of the correct Hepatitis B vaccination doses. Most of the healthcare workers (89.5%) claimed to be aware of the procedure and guidelines to be followed after a needle stick injury and 96% felt that they would report NSI immediately. Awareness regarding Hepatitis C prevention was comparatively poor, with only 47% having knowledge regarding the non-availability of Hepatitis C Vaccination and& 46% about the non-availability of post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis C. Among the healthcare workers, 61% were worried about having needle stick injuries but 56.5% felt that their own personal safety is secondary to patient care. Among the HCWs, 91.3% believed that needle stick injuries can be prevented. Most of the participants (93.5%) ensure that others around them take extra precautions while handling sharp/ needles. The majority, i.e. 88%, utilized a designated container for disposal of sharp items, while only 53% of respondents utilized a needle cutter or shredder. 85% of HCWs had attended specific training programs on the usage of safe devices/sharps in the preceding one-year period and 72.8% had completed the vaccination against Hepatitis B. Conclusion Awareness regarding needle stick injury and its prevention is patchy and not adequate across different sections of healthcare workers. Perceptions regarding needle stick injury and its prevention revealed an overall positive attitude. Practices related to needle stick injury and its prevention seem to be reasonably good except when related to recapping and waiting to dispose of until the completion of the session. Training sessions need to be tailored for specific participant groups and a 'one size fits all' philosophy cannot be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anandadurai
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | - R Praisie
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | | | - Sudhir B Nelson
- Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | - Manoje Thulasiram
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, IND
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Tawiah PA, Appiah-Brempong E, Okyere P, Ashinyo ME. Splash of body fluids among healthcare support staff in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241234473. [PMID: 38434795 PMCID: PMC10906057 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241234473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to splash of body fluids is one of the common ways of transmitting blood-borne infections from patients to healthcare practitioners. Globally, there is a paucity of evidence on exposure to splash of body fluids among hospital housekeepers. This study, therefore, investigated splash of body fluid and its predisposing factors among healthcare support staff in the Greater Accra region, Ghana. Methods An analytic cross-sectional survey was conducted among support staff in 10 major hospitals between 30 January and 31 May 2023. A multi-stage sampling procedure was the overarching technique employed, and study participants were recruited through simple random and probability proportional-to-size sampling techniques. The data analyses were conducted using STATA 15 software. The preliminary association between exposure to splash of body fluids and predisposing factors was established through Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Log-binomial regression analyses were employed to validate the factors related to splash of body fluids at a significance level of p-value < 0.05. Results The investigation was conducted among 149 healthcare support staff. The exposure to splash of body fluids over the past 1 year was 53.7% (95% CI: 45.3%-61.9%). The types of body fluids that were mostly encountered through these splash exposures were amniotic fluids (36.3%) and urine (23.8%). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with splash of body fluids, namely: employed as a healthcare assistant [APR = 1.61 (1.16, 2.22)], holding a supervisory position [APR = 0.24 (0.11, 0.51)], having a system in place for reporting body fluid splashes [APR = 0.61 (0.44, 0.85)], male healthcare support staff [APR = 0.62 (0.41, 0.93)], and adherence to standard precautions most of the time [APR = 1.66 (1.11, 2.48)]. Conclusion Healthcare support staff were highly exposed to splash of body fluids. Gender, supervisory role, category of worker, reporting systems, and adherence to standard precautions were associated with exposure to splash of body fluids. Facility managers are advised to enhance the efficiency of reporting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Apraku Tawiah
- Department of Occupational, Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Paul Okyere
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mary Eyram Ashinyo
- Department of Quality Assurance—Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Feng H, Mao X, Li M, Mao H. Analysis of characteristic and postexposure practices of occupational blood and body fluid exposures among health care workers in Chinese tertiary hospitals: a retrospective ten-year study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:256. [PMID: 38395754 PMCID: PMC10893704 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational blood and body fluid exposure (OBEs) is a highly concerning global health problem in health facilities. Improper or inadequate post-exposure practices increase the risk of infection with bloodborne pathogens. Understanding risk factors for OBEs and evaluating the post-exposure practices will contribute to healthcare workers' (HCWs) well-being. METHODS This study retrospectively synthesized and reviewed the 10-year data (from 2010 to 2020) on OBEs in a tertiary teaching hospital. RESULTS A total of 519 HCWs have reported OBEs, increasing yearly from 2010 to 2020. Of these, most were nurses (247 [47.2%]), female (390 [75.1%]), at 23-27 years old (207 [39.9%]). The hepatitis B was the primary bloodborne pathogen exposed to HCWs, with 285 (54.9%) cases, internal medicine was the main exposure site (161 [31.0%]), and sharp injury was the main exposure route (439 [84.6%]). Data analysis shows that there are significant differences between exposure route, exposed pathogens, and exposure site among the different occupational categories (X2 = 14.5, 43.7, 94.3, all P < 0.001). 3.3% of HCWs did not take any post-exposure practices. For percutaneous exposure, 4.7% did not rinse the wound, 3.3% did not squeeze out the wound, and 2.3% did not disinfect the wound. In the case of mucosal exposure, 90.4% clean the exposure area immediately. CONCLUSIONS The data from the past decade underscores the seriousness of current situation of OBEs in Chinese tertiary hospital, particularly among young HCWs, and with hepatitis B as the predominant blood-borne pathogen. This study also identifies HCWs may take incorrect post-exposure practices. It's crucial in the future to discuss the effectiveness of main groups targeted for focused specialty-specific guidance for the prevention of such accidents, meanwhile, to include blood-borne disease immunity testing in mandatory health check-ups. Additionally, focus on optimizing post-exposure practices, offering significant steps toward prevention of such incidents and reducing infection risks should also be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Feng
- Institute for Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoli Mao
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hongbo Mao
- Institute for Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Wong VYY, Chao PJS, Lee SPS, Lee ES, Lang LRL, Koh HJ, Low KMT. A descriptive study of percutaneous injuries in National Healthcare Group POLYCLINICS dental clinics in Singapore from 2014 to 2020. BDJ Open 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37845216 PMCID: PMC10579301 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All dental staff face risk of percutaneous injuries (PCI)s. Blood-borne diseases may be transmitted to staff via contaminated sharp instruments. Hence there are significant impacts on staff when PCIs occur. Though a PCI is an occupational hazard, it is preventable. AIM This study aims to identify factors associated with PCIs among dental staff by evaluating the circumstances and staff designations involved. METHODS PCIs were reported through an electronic incident reporting system from 2014 to 2020. Reports involved their nature and extent. Statistical analysis was carried out to find associations between factors such as injury site, type of instrument and staff designation. RESULTS A total of 63 PCIs were included in this study. The type of instrument was found to be significantly associated with staff designation (p = 0.04, p < 0.05) with significantly more dental burs causing injury in dentists and more injuries caused by 'other instruments' in health attendants (p = 0.0083). Majority of PCIs occurred in dentists, then dental assistants and health attendants. Staff designation was significantly associated with the instance where PCIs occurred (p < 0.001). Dentists and dental assistants were more likely to sustain injuries during a dental procedure than before procedure and after procedure (p = 0.0167). The mean incidence of PCIs among our dentists was 15.6/100. CONCLUSIONS All dental staff are at risk of PCIs however dentists sustain the highest number of PCIs. Needles, dental burs and metal matrices are the top three instruments. Targeted interventions might help prevent/reduce PCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eng Sing Lee
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lily Ren Lee Lang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holy Jr Koh
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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R P, D A, Nelson SB, Venkateshvaran S, Thulasiram M. Profile of Splash, Sharp and Needle-Stick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e42671. [PMID: 37649937 PMCID: PMC10462797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Among biological hazards faced by healthcare workers, one of the most commonly reported is sharp-related injury. Needle-stick and sharp injuries transmit infectious diseases, especially blood-borne viruses. The conditions in which these exposures occur vary. Reporting of exposure and proper post-exposure prophylactic measures are important in controlling blood-borne infections in healthcare workers. Better analysis of such accidents is an important tool to reinforce exposure preventive measures. Hence, we conducted a study to describe the profile of splash, sharp and needle-stick injuries among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital. Methods A record-based cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital, in south Tamil Nadu. All healthcare workers who have reported needle stick, sharp, or splash injuries during the last five years in the hospital were included. Data was extracted from post-exposure reports maintained in the hospital. Results are expressed in mean, standard deviation and percentages. Results A total of 189 healthcare workers (HCWs) had reported instances of splash, sharp and needle stick injuries in the last five years. The most common exposure was needle prick (86.2%), followed by splash of fluids (7.4%). The majority of HCWs were from the nursing department (44.4%), and the most commonly reported place of exposure was the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (30.3%), followed by inpatient wards. The associated activity in the majority of the injuries/exposures was the transfer of sharps or cleaning surfaces (26.4%), followed by blood withdrawal (25.7%). After the exposure, 99.5% of HCWs washed the wound immediately. In a total of 135 exposures, the identity of the source, and thus, the serological status was known. Among these, hepatitis B was the most common (17.8%), followed by HIV (11.9%). All exposures related to unknown sources were considered positive exposure and were managed accordingly. Among the HCWs with possible seropositive exposure to hepatitis B, antibody titres were recorded and HBV Immunoglobulin (low titre), and vaccination were administered accordingly. Among the possible HIV exposures, 97.1% of HCWs initiated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). All probable hepatitis C exposures were given counseling and advised to follow up. No seroconversion at six months of follow-up has been recorded till now. Conclusion Healthcare workers are constantly at risk of exposure to splash, sharp and needle stick injuries, and although all categories of workers are at risk, nurses are at particularly high risk. A variety of activities can result in injury or a splash of fluids and so preventive activities, including health education, should be focused on all areas of healthcare and for all healthcare workers. More awareness is needed among healthcare workers regarding post-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praisie R
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Anandadurai D
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Sudhir B Nelson
- Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | | | - Manoje Thulasiram
- General Medicine, Velammal Medical College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
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Alinejad N, Bijani M, Malekhosseini M, Nasrabadi M, Harsini PA, Jeihooni AK. Effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on nurses' compliance with standard precautions in preventing needle stick injuries. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:180. [PMID: 37231474 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of needle stick injuries among nurses and the arising risks double the need to pay attention to improve their knowledge and change their behavior using effective educational models. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on nurses' compliance with standard precautions in preventing needle stick injuries. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 110 nurses working in medical training centers in Shiraz and Fasa in 2019. Subjects were selected using a simple sampling method and were randomly divided into two interventions (n = 55) and control (n = 55). The intervention included 7 sessions of 50-55 min. Before and 3 months after the intervention, the health belief model questionnaire was completed by both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 through chi-square, independent, and paired t-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS Based on independent and paired t-tests, there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups regarding the mean score of health belief model constructs before the intervention. However, there was a significant difference regarding the mentioned scores 3 months after the educational intervention. Based on the paired t-test, the mean score of awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and behavioral performance in the intervention group significantly increased after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant decrease in perceived barriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is recommended to apply the proposed model as an effective and cost-effective method along with other methods in training programs for nurses and other health workers exposed to invasive procedures, contaminated blood, and secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Alinejad
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Nasrabadi
- Department of Health Promotion and Aging, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Tegegne OA, Adissie AA. HIV sero-status of healthcare workers in Addis Ababa public hospitals post exposure to infected blood and body fluids: A cross-sectional study, October 2022. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 152:e35. [PMID: 37218613 PMCID: PMC10894898 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the sero-status of human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa public hospitals. A multi-centered, institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 September 2022 to 30 October 2022. A simple random sampling method and a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the human immunodeficiency virus sero-status of healthcare workers post exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Of the 420 study participants who were exposed to blood and body fluids, 403 (96%) were non-reactive. Healthcare workers who had 20-29 years of work experience had approximately six times higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: 2.39, 9.55). Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had five times higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 5.02, CI: 3.73, 9.51). This study showed that, among those healthcare workers who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus infection, the majority were from the emergency department. Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Adal Tegegne
- Department of Emergency, Bahir Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Abebe Adissie
- Department of Emergency, Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gokengin D, Bursa D, Skrzat-Klapaczynska A, Alexiev I, Arsikj E, Balayan T, Begovac J, Cicic A, Dragovic G, Harxhi A, Aimla K, Lakatos B, Matulionyte R, Mulabdic V, Oprea C, Papadopoulos A, Rukhadze N, Sedlacek D, Sojak L, Tomazic J, Vassilenko A, Vasylyev M, Verhaz A, Yancheva N, Yurin O, Kowalska J. PrEP Scale-Up and PEP in Central and Eastern Europe: Changes in Time and the Challenges We Face with No Expected HIV Vaccine in the near Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010122. [PMID: 36679967 PMCID: PMC9867039 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With no expected vaccine for HIV in the near future, we aimed to define the current situation and challenges for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The Euroguidelines CEE Network Group members were invited to respond to a 27-item survey including questions on PrEP (response rate 91.6%). PrEP was licensed in 68.2%; 95 centers offered PrEP and the estimated number on PrEP was around 9000. It was available in daily (40.1%), on-demand (13.3%), or both forms (33.3%). The access rate was <1−80%. Three major barriers for access were lack of knowledge/awareness among people who are in need (59.1%), not being reimbursed (50.0%), and low perception of HIV risk (45.5%). Non-occupational PEP was available in 86.4% and was recommended in the guidelines in 54.5%. It was fully reimbursed in 36.4%, only for accidental exposures in 40.9%, and was not reimbursed in 22.72%. Occupational PEP was available in 95.5% and was reimbursed fully. Although PrEP scale-up in the region has gained momentum, a huge gap exists between those who are in need of and those who can access PrEP. Prompt action is required to address the urgent need for PrEP scale-up in the CEE region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gokengin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
- HIV/AIDS Research and Practice Center, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
- Correspondence: or
| | - Dominik Bursa
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Skrzat-Klapaczynska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Arsikj
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje, Faculty of Medicine Skopje, Ss.Cyril and Methodius University, 1010 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Tatevik Balayan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Josip Begovac
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Cicic
- Center for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Public Health of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Gordana Dragovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Arjan Harxhi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Center of Tirana, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Kerstin Aimla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Botond Lakatos
- Department of HIV and Tropical Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raimonda Matulionyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Velida Mulabdic
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristiana Oprea
- Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonios Papadopoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nino Rukhadze
- Infectious Diseases, AIDS & Clinical Immunology Research Center, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Dalibor Sedlacek
- HIV Center University Hospital, Charles University, 11000 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Sojak
- Center for Treatment of HIV/AIDS Patients, Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Academic L. Derer’s University Hospital, 2412 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Janez Tomazic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Vassilenko
- Global Fund Grant Management Department, Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Economics of Public Health (RNPT MT), 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marta Vasylyev
- Astar Medical Center, 79054 Lviv, Ukraine
- Internal Medicine Department, Erasmus MC, 2040 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonija Verhaz
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nina Yancheva
- Department for AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases—Sofia, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Oleg Yurin
- Department of AIDS, Epidemiology and Prevention, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal AIDS Centre, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
- HIV Out-Patient Clinic, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
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Adal O, Abebe A. HIV Sero-Status of Health Care Workers in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals After Post-Exposure Blood and Body Fluids: A Cross-Sectional Study, October 2022. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2023; 16:11795476231161406. [PMID: 36950703 PMCID: PMC10026106 DOI: 10.1177/11795476231161406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The study investigated the sero-status of human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa public hospitals. Methods A multi-centered, institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 18, 2022, to October 30, 2022. A simple random sampling method and semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 25. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the sero-status of healthcare workers' post-exposure blood and body fluids for the human immunodeficiency virus. Results Of the 420 study participants who were exposed to blood and body fluids, 403 (96%) were non-reactive. Healthcare workers who had 20 to 29 years of work experience had approximately 6 times higher odds of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (2.39, 9.55). Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had 5 times higher odds of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 5.02, CI: 3.73, 9.51). Conclusion This study showed that a higher proportion of healthcare workers at the emergency department were positive for human immunodeficiency virus infection among healthcare workers who were exposed to blood and body fluids and tested immediately. Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had higher odds of testing positive for human immune-deficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Adal
- Department of Emergency, Bahir Dar
University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Ousman Adal, Department of Emergency, Bahir
Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O Box 79, Bahir Dar,
Ethiopia.
| | - Asmamaw Abebe
- Department of Emergency, Addis Ababa
University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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