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Tripathi S, Rani K, Raj VS, Ambasta RK. Drug repurposing: A multi targetted approach to treat cardiac disease from existing classical drugs to modern drug discovery. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:151-192. [PMID: 38942536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are characterized by abnormalities in the heart, blood vessels, and blood flow. CVDs comprise a diverse set of health issues. There are several types of CVDs like stroke, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, plaque instability and heart failure. Identification of a new drug for heart disease takes longer duration and its safety efficacy test takes even longer duration of research and approval. This chapter explores drug repurposing, nano-therapy, and plant-based treatments for managing CVDs from existing drugs which saves time and safety issues with testing new drugs. Existing drugs like statins, ACE inhibitor, warfarin, beta blockers, aspirin and metformin have been found to be useful in treating cardiac disease. For better drug delivery, nano therapy is opening new avenues for cardiac research by targeting interleukin (IL), TNF and other proteins by proteome interactome analysis. Nanoparticles enable precise delivery to atherosclerotic plaques, inflammation areas, and damaged cardiac tissues. Advancements in nano therapeutic agents, such as drug-eluting stents and drug-loaded nanoparticles are transforming CVDs management. Plant-based treatments, containing phytochemicals from Botanical sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits. These phytochemicals can mitigate risk factors associated with CVDs. The integration of these strategies opens new avenues for personalized, effective, and minimally invasive cardiovascular care. Altogether, traditional drugs, phytochemicals along with nanoparticles can revolutionize the future cardiac health care by identifying their signaling pathway, mechanism and interactome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Tripathi
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Kusum Rani
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
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Kazemi A, Golzarand M, Shojaei-Zarghani S, Babajafari S, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Is variety more important than quantity of fruits and vegetables in relation to cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality? Results from a prospective cohort study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:306-316. [PMID: 38253525 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2304134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to prospectively assess the association between variety and quantity of fruits and vegetables (FV) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence and mortality due to the limited evidence. Our analysis included 2,918 adults with a follow-up period of 29,559 person-years. An inverse association was detected between fruit intake and the risk of incidence and mortality from CVD. We found no association between diversity scores of fruits, vegetables, and FV with CVD risk. Subjects with high quantity-high variety, high quantity-low variety, and low quantity-high variety of fruits, vegetables, or FV exhibited no difference in CVD risk compared to the subjects with low quantity-low variety intake. Increasing the variety of FV was associated with increases in the intake of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin C, selenium, fibre, fat, and protein after adjustment for the quantity and covariates. We detected an inverse association between fruit intake and the incidence and mortality rates of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Uddandrao VVS, Chandrasekaran P, Saravanan G, Brahmanaidu P, Sengottuvelu S, Ponmurugan P, Vadivukkarasi S, Kumar U. Phytoformulation with hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin protects against high-fat-diet-induced obesity cardiomyopathy by reducing cardiac lipid deposition and ameliorating inflammation and apoptosis in the heart. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:162-172. [PMID: 38481548 PMCID: PMC10927456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Phytoformulation therapy is a pioneering strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders and related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of a phytoformulation consisting of hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin against obesity-related cardiomyopathy. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Sprague-Dawley rats were fed HFD for 21 weeks, and phytoformulation (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for 45 days starting at week 16. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We found that HFD supplementation resulted in significant hyperglycemia and caused an increase in cardiac lipid deposition, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart. Phytoformulation therapy not only significantly decreased blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and inflammatory cytokines in obese rats, but also protected cardiac tissue, as shown by histological analysis. Conversely, phytoformulation therapy decreased mRNA levels for sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid binding protein 1 genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and absorption in obese rats. It increased the levels of lysosomal acid lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and lipoprotein lipase genes involved in fatty acid degradation in the heart. In addition, the phytoformulation improved cardiac inflammation and apoptosis by downregulating the genes nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), BCL2-associated X and caspase-3. In conclusion, our results show that the phytoformulation improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated myocardial lipid accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart of HFD-induced obese rats by regulating fatty acid metabolism genes and downregulating NF-kB/TLR-4/caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, 637215, India
| | - P. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, 637215, India
| | - G. Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, 637215, India
| | - Parim Brahmanaidu
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - S. Sengottuvelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, 638052, India
| | - P. Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641046, India
| | - S. Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, 637215, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201015, India
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Mariano LNB, da Silva RDCV, Niero R, Cechinel Filho V, da Silva-Santos JE, de Souza P. Vasodilation and Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of 3-Demethyl-2-Geranyl-4-Prenylbellidifoline, a Xanthone Obtained from Garcinia achachairu, in Hypertensive Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:528. [PMID: 38498544 PMCID: PMC10892760 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline (DGP), a natural xanthone isolated from Garcinia achachairu, has previously demonstrated remarkable diuretic and renal protective actions. The present study expands its actions on the cardiovascular system by evaluating its vasorelaxant and blood pressure-lowering effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Aortic endothelium-intact (E+) preparations of SHRs pre-contracted by phenylephrine and exposed to cumulative concentrations of G. achachairu extract, fractions, and DGP exhibited a significant relaxation compared to vehicle-only exposed rings. The non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine), the non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME), as well as the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ) altogether avoided DGP-induced relaxation. Tetraethylammonium (small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker), 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker), and barium chloride (an influx-rectifying K+ channel blocker) significantly reduced DGP capacity to induce relaxation without the interference of glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive inward rectifier 6.1 and 6.2 K+ channel blocker). Additionally, administration of DGP, 1 mg/kg i.v., decreased the mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressures, and the heart rate of SHRs. The natural xanthone DGP showed promising potential as an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant, operating through the nitric oxide pathway and potassium channels, ultimately significantly reducing blood pressure in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (L.N.B.M.); (J.E.d.S.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Vilhena da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (L.N.B.M.); (J.E.d.S.-S.)
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil
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Singhai H, Rathee S, Jain SK, Patil UK. The Potential of Natural Products in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:624-638. [PMID: 38477208 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128295053240207090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, comprising a variety of disorders such as hypertension, heart attacks, Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), dyslipidemias, strokes, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that 22.2 million people will die from CVD in 2030. Conventional treatments for CVDs are often quite expensive and also have several side effects. This potentiates the use of medicinal plants, which are still a viable alternative therapy for a number of diseases, including CVD. Natural products' cardio-protective effects result from their anti-oxidative, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-ischemic, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting properties. The conventional therapies used to treat CVD have the potential to be explored in light of the recent increase in the popularity of natural goods and alternative medicine. Some natural products with potential in the management of cardiovascular diseases such as Allium sativum L., Ginkgo biloba, Cinchona ledgeriana, Ginseng, Commiphora mukul, Digitalis lanata, Digitalis purpurea L., Murrayakoenigii, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Polygonum cuspidatum, Fenugreek, Capsicum annuum, etc. are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singhai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Sunny Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
| | - Umesh Kumar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
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Rajpal VR, Koul HK, Raina SN, Kumar HMS, Qazi GN. Phytochemicals for Human Health: The Emerging Trends and Prospects. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:v-vi. [PMID: 38745435 DOI: 10.2174/156802662404240226094145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College University of Delhi Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Hari K Koul
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Urology, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center LSU Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, 9th Floor New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, UP, India
| | | | - G N Qazi
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi India
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and Alternative Medicine EBC. Retracted: Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Plant Phytochemicals: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9806430. [PMID: 37946712 PMCID: PMC10632047 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9806430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5741198.].
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Huang SKH, Bueno PRP, Garcia PJB, Lee MJ, De Castro-Cruz KA, Leron RB, Tsai PW. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Flower Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3168. [PMID: 37687413 PMCID: PMC10489841 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. flowers (OF-F) have been traditionally consumed as a functional food and utilized as folk medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of OF-F extracts on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and determined possible protein-ligand interactions of its compounds in silico. The crude OF-F extracts-water (W) and ethanol (E) were tested for phytochemical screening, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Network and molecular docking analyses of chemical markers were executed to establish their application for anticancer drug development. OF-F-E possessed higher total polyphenols (233.360 ± 3.613 g/kg) and tannin (93.350 ± 1.003 g/kg) contents than OF-F-W. In addition, OF-F-E extract demonstrated effective DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.173 ± 0.004 kg/L) and contained a high FRAP value (830.620 ± 6.843 g Trolox/kg). In cell culture experiments, OF-F-E significantly reduced NO levels and inhibited cell proliferation of RAW-264.7 and DU-145 cell lines, respectively. Network analysis revealed O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites could affect thirteen molecular functions and thirteen biological processes in four cellular components. These metabolites inhibited key proteins of DU-145 prostate cancer using molecular docking with rutin owning the highest binding affinity with PIKR31 and AR. Hence, this study offered a new rationale for O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites as a medicinal herb for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kuan-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Paolo Robert P. Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines;
- School of Medicine, The Manila Times College of Subic, Zambales 2222, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Adamson University, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Patrick Jay B. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
| | - Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Rhoda B. Leron
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
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Witkowska AM, Salem JE. Pharmacological and Nutritional Modulation of Metabolome and Metagenome in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1340. [PMID: 37759740 PMCID: PMC10526920 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A growing body of research indicates that the gut microbiota, whether it interacts favorably or not, plays an important role in host metabolism. Elucidating metabolic pathways may be crucial in preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases, and omics methods are key to studying the interaction between the fecal microbiota and host metabolism. This review summarizes available studies that combine metabolomic and metagenomic approaches to describe the effects of drugs, diet, nutrients, and specific foods on cardiometabolic health and to identify potential targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-1901), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
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Krishna PS, Nenavath RK, Sudha Rani S, Anupalli RR. Cardioprotective action of Amaranthus viridis methanolic extract and its isolated compound Kaempferol through mitigating lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:317. [PMID: 37637004 PMCID: PMC10457263 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the cardio-protective efficacy of Amaranthus viridis L. methanolic extract (AVME) and kaempferol, which was isolated from AVME in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were pre-treated with AVME (250 mg/kg body weight) and kaempferol (50 mg/kg BW) for 30 days, respectively, and then administered with ISO (20 mg/100 g body weight) on the 31st and 32nd days. We assessed the protective effects of AVME and kaempferol against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The study revealed that supplementation with AVME and kaempferol significantly attenuated cardiac lipotoxicity by reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels and simultaneously increasing the levels of high-density lipoproteins. In addition, AVME and kaempferol suppressed oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the heart. Further, they ameliorated cardiac inflammation by mitigating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β). Hence, the study results and histopathological analysis emphasized that AVME and kaempferol could be prospective prophylactic agents against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity and may be considered nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabbathi Sri Krishna
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Nenavath
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
| | - Swathi Sudha Rani
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
| | - Roja Rani Anupalli
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
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Bioactive Compounds (BACs): A Novel Approach to Treat and Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101664. [PMID: 36841315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading disorders of serious death and cause huge economic loss to patients and society. It is estimated that about 18 million people have a high death ratio due to the incidence of CVDs such as (stroke, coronary heart disease, and non-ischemic heart failure). Bioactive compounds (BACs) are healthy nutritional ingredients providing beneficial effects and nutritional value to the human body. Epidemiological studies strongly shed light on several bioactive compounds that are favorable candidates for CVDs treatment. Globally, the high risk of CVDs and related results on human body parts made them a serious scenario in all communities. In this present review, we intend to collect previously published data concerned over the years concerning green-colored foods and their BACs that aim to work in the prevention, diagnosis, and/or systematic treating CVDs. We also comprehensively discussed the oral delivery of several bioactive compounds derived from fruits and vegetables and their bioavailability and physiological effects on human health. Moreover, their important characteristics, such as anti-inflammatory, lowering blood pressure, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-diabetics, lipid-lowering responses, improving atherosclerosis, and cardioprotective properties, will be elaborated further. More precisely, medicinal plants' advantages and multifaceted applications have been reported in this literature to treat CVDs. To the best of our knowledge, this is our first attempt that will open a new window in the area of CVDs with the opportunity to achieve a better prognosis and effective treatment for CVDs.
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Guo SS, Wang ZG. Salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge: A potential antitumor agent. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042745. [PMID: 36386172 PMCID: PMC9640750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb widely found in China since ancient times with a high economic and medicinal value. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) is an important natural product derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza and this review summarizes the anticancer activity of Sal-B. Sal-B inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways. This review aims to review experimental studies to describe the possible anticancer mechanisms of Sal-B and confirm its potential as a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Guo Wang,
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Antihypertensive Activity of the Alkaloid Aspidocarpine in Normotensive Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206895. [PMID: 36296487 PMCID: PMC9609921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaloid Aspidocarpine was isolated from the bark of Aspidosperma desmanthum. Its structure was elucidated by the spectral data of 1H and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). The antihypertensive activity was investigated by intravenous infusion in Wistar rats. This alkaloid significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the systolic, median, and diastolic blood pressures of rodents, without causing motor incoordination and imbalance in the rotarod test. The results indicate that the alkaloid Aspidocarpine exerts its antihypertensive activity without causing sedation or the impairment of motor functions.
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Keskin M, Thiruvengadam M. Phytochemicals from Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-communicable Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1907-1908. [PMID: 36372927 DOI: 10.2174/156802662223221019141622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Keskin
- Vocational School of Health Services Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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