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Paudel KP, Samuel R, Jha R, Pandey BD, Edirisuriya C, Shrestha NL, Gyawali P, Pokhrel A, Shrestha L, Mahato RK, Hossain SS, Arunkumar G, Bose AS, Dhimal M, Gautam D, Neupane S, Thakur N, Shrestha S, Bhusal N, Jha P, Gupta BP, Rayamajhi RB, Subedi KC, Kandel S, Poudel M, Thapa LB, Sharma GN, Gocotano AE, Sunny AK, Gautam R, Bhatta DR, Awale BK, Roka B, Ojha HC, Baral P, Adhikari MD, Lohani GR, Shrestha M, Singh DR, Aryal L, Pandav RS, Pokhrel R. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population of Nepal during the first and second generalized waves of the COVID-19 pandemic-2020-2021. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13234. [PMID: 38149926 PMCID: PMC10752246 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Few seroprevalence studies have been conducted on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Nepal. Here, we aimed to estimate seroprevalence and assess risk factors for infection in the general population of Nepal by conducting two rounds of sampling. The first round was in October 2020, at the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, and the second round in July-August 2021, following the peak of the wave caused by the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. We used cross-sectional probability-to-size (PPS)-based multistage cluster sampling to estimate the seroprevalence in the general population of Nepal at the national and provincial levels. We tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody using the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. In Round 1, the overall national seroprevalence was 14.4%, with provincial estimates ranging from 5.3% in Sudurpaschim to 27.3% in Madhesh Province. In Round 2, the estimated national seroprevalence was 70.7%, with the highest in the Madhesh Province (84.8%) and the lowest in the Gandaki Province (62.9%). Seroprevalence was comparable between males and females (Round 1, 15.8% vs. 12.2% and Round 2, 72.3% vs. 68.7%). The seroprevalence in the ecozones-Terai, hills, and mountains-was 76.3%, 65.3%, and 60.5% in Round 2 and 17.7%, 11.7%, and 4.6% in Round 1, respectively. In Nepal, COVID-19 vaccination was introduced in January 2021. At the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, most of the population of Nepal remained unexposed to SARS-CoV-2. Towards the end of the second generalized wave in April 2021, two thirds of the population was exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Paudel
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Runa Jha
- National Public Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Basu Dev Pandey
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance (DIDA)Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | | | | | | | - Amrit Pokhrel
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Lilee Shrestha
- National Public Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Ram Kumar Mahato
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nishant Thakur
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | | | | | - Priya Jha
- WHO Country Office for NepalKathmanduNepal
| | | | | | - Koshal Chandra Subedi
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Shashi Kandel
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Mukesh Poudel
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Lila Bikram Thapa
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bal Krishna Awale
- National Public Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Bhola Roka
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Hemant Chandra Ojha
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Phanindra Baral
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
| | - Mahendra Dhose Adhikari
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal
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Ndziessi G, Niama RF, Aloumba AG, Peya JM, Ngatse JA, Ngoyomi RA, Niama AC, Tobi N, Loussambou A, Kankou JM, Atipo B, Emeka JC, Ibata P, Moukassa D, Dokekias AE. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Republic of Congo, February 2022. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e162. [PMID: 37800463 PMCID: PMC10600732 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In resource-limited countries, the lack of widespread screening masks the true situation of COVID-19. We conducted this study to assess SARS-CoV-2 spread by detection of specific antibodies and to determine associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were tested for the presence of two antibodies (IgM and IgG) specific to SARS-CoV-2. Data collection was done using a smartphone with the KoboCollect application. Prevalence of antibodies was estimated with 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with positive serological test. A total of 9,094 persons were tested in 4,340 households. The mean age was 30.18 ± 18.65 years, 46.5% male. The overall seroprevalence (prevalence, 95% CI) of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was (48.2% [47.2%-49.2%]). Being vaccinated, having been in contact with a COVID-19 patient, being older than 50 years, living in a union, having secondary education and having tertiary education were factors independently associated with the likelihood of having anti-sars-CoV-2. We estimate in February 2022 that 48% persons had antibodies against the COVID-19 virus, more among those vaccinated. Vaccination intensification in low prevalence departments will reduce the risk of new outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ndziessi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Roch Fabien Niama
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Axel Gilius Aloumba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jethro Massala Peya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Joseph Axel Ngatse
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Ryschel Alist Ngoyomi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Ange Clauvel Niama
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - N’Kaya Tobi
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Antoine Loussambou
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Medard Kankou
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Benjamin Atipo
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Claude Emeka
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Pascal Ibata
- Army Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Donatien Moukassa
- Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Alexis Elira Dokekias
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
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Ristić M, Vuković V, Patić A, Marković M, Petrović V. Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Healthcare Workers before Circulation of the Omicron Sublineages BA.4/BA.5 in Vojvodina, Serbia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122168. [PMID: 36560578 PMCID: PMC9783630 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a vulnerable and critical population in the ongoing response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence in HCWs considering all of their previous contacts with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or the immunity acquired through their immunization against COVID-19 before the advent of the Omicron variants BA.4/BA.5. Serum samples were collected from 28 March to 10 June 2022. We covered 25% out of all the people who worked in some of the government healthcare centers (primary, secondary, and tertiary level) across the entire Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Northern Serbia). Two serological tests (Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA and LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS) were used to detect anti-spike IgG antibodies. The overall prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody among the 6936 HCWs was 92.96% [95% CI 92.33−93.55]. Regarding the type of serological test, there was a statistically significant (p = 0.0079) difference of the seropositivity obtained by the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS (93.87%, 95% CI 92.97−94.69) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (92.23%, 95% CI 91.34−93.06) tests. Seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 significantly (p < 0.0001) increased with the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with the number of doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines received. A vast majority of the HCWs in Vojvodina had detectable levels of antibodies to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, but despite this high seropositivity, it is unknown whether this herd immunity among HCWs is protective against the new variants of concern. Further research should evaluate the rates of reinfections and the associated severity of COVID-19 caused by the Omicron sublineages and/or new variants of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioljub Ristić
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.V.); Tel.: +381-21-4897-884 (M.R.)
| | - Vladimir Vuković
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.V.); Tel.: +381-21-4897-884 (M.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Patić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Marković
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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