1
|
Islam SMM, Siddik MAB, Sørensen M, Brinchmann MF, Thompson KD, Francis DS, Vatsos IN. Insect meal in aquafeeds: A sustainable path to enhanced mucosal immunity in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109625. [PMID: 38740231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish, including their intestines, gills, and skin, are constantly exposed to various environmental threats, such as water quality fluctuations, pollutants, and pathogens. However, various cells and microbiota closely associated with these surfaces work in tandem to create a functional protective barrier against these conditions. Recent research has shown that incorporating specific feed ingredients into fish diets can significantly boost their mucosal and general immune response. Among the various ingredients being investigated, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising options, owing to its high protein content and immunomodulatory properties. By positively influencing the structure and function of mucosal surfaces, insect meal (IM) has the potential to enhance the overall immune status of fish. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits of incorporating IM into aquafeed as a feed ingredient for augmenting the mucosal immune response of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Majharul Islam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Kim D Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ioannis N Vatsos
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vasconcelos A, Soares MC, Barata M, Couto A, Teixeira B, Ribeiro L, Pousão-Ferreira P, Mendes R, Saavedra M. Effect of Tryptophan Dietary Content on Meagre, Argyrosomus regius, Juveniles Stress and Behavioral Response. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3762. [PMID: 38136799 PMCID: PMC10740813 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a high number of stressors present in aquaculture that can affect fish welfare and quality. One way of mitigating stress response is by increasing dietary tryptophan. In this study, three diets containing 0.5% (Tript1), 0.6% (Tript2), and 0.8% (Tript3) of tryptophan were tested in 32 g juvenile meagre for 56 days. At the end of the trial, survival, growth, and proximate composition were similar between treatments. Significant differences were found in the plasma parameters before and after a stress test consisting of 30 s of air exposure. Blood glucose levels were higher in the post-stress for all treatments (e.g., 63.9 and 76.7 mg/dL for Tript1 before and after the stress test), and the hemoglobin values were lower in the post-stress of Tript1 (1.9 g/dL compared to 3.0 and 2.4 g/dL for Tript2 and Tript3, respectively). In terms of behavior, three tests were carried out (novel tank diving and shoaling assays, and lateralization test), but no significant differences were found, except for the number of freezing episodes during the anxiety test (1.4 for Tript3 compared to 3.5 and 4.2 for the other treatments). This study suggests that supplementation with dietary tryptophan, particularly in higher dosage (0.8%), can reduce anxiety-like behavior in meagre exposure to acute stress (novel tank). Although the remaining results showed mild effects, they provide some clues as to the potential of this amino acid as a stress mitigator in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marta C. Soares
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, ARNET—Rede de Investigação Aquática, Departamento de Paisagem, Universidade de Évora, Ambiente e Ordenamento, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marisa Barata
- Aquaculture Research Station of IPMA, Av. Do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal (L.R.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Ana Couto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Bárbara Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Aquaculture Research Station of IPMA, Av. Do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal (L.R.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Aquaculture Research Station of IPMA, Av. Do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal (L.R.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saavedra
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.T.); (R.M.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|